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    Triplen harmonics: myths and reality

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    In a symmetrical and balanced three-phase system with distorted waveforms, a well-known rule states that each harmonic order corresponds to a specified sequence (positive, negative or zero). In this ideal case, the current in the neutral conductor (or more generally in the return path) contains only triplen harmonics. However, this rule is no longer valid in practical distribution systems subject to unbalance and waveform distortion, in which phase and neutral currents at any sequence generally contain components of any harmonic order. Possible improper extension of the ideal case concepts to general situations may create a sort of myth, to be removed by providing tutorial and practical examples. This paper provides a direct quantification of the extent to which non-triplen harmonics are present in the zero-sequence current components and triplen harmonics are present in the positive and negative sequence current components. An original set of indicators, built on the basis of the theoretical symmetrical component-based framework developed by the authors, is introduced for assessing the specific impact of the triplen harmonics at the different sequences. Some classical myths based on the ideal case are illustrated and discussed on specific examples including theoretical cases and experimental analyses, quantifying the actual role played by the triplen harmonics in these applications

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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