632 research outputs found
Spatial aspects of the rise of nonmarital fertility across Europe since 1960: the role of states and regions in shaping patterns of change
No full textThis article investigates the role of states and regions in shaping spatial patterns of nonmarital fertility in Europe since 1960 using a dataset of 497 European subnational regions and smaller countries. Almost all regions registered substantial nonmarital fertility increases over the last 50 years. Prior research has shown that in the first half of the twentieth century states played a dominant role in drawing the demographic map of Europe (Watkins, From provinces into nations: demographic integration in Western Europe 1870–1960. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1991). As a result, subnational regional variation decreased, while differences between countries increased. In this article, we investigate whether states continue to play such a dominant role in delineating patterns of nonmarital fertility between 1960 and 2007. We find that variation in nonmarital fertility levels increased as a whole across Europe, and states continued to be important for determining these patterns. However, the role of states relative to regions declined in the latest period examined (1990 and 2007). Possible explanations for the changes include increased supranational integration, for example, within the European Union, and decentralisation within states leading to increases in variation in subnational contextual conditions.RésuméCet article étudie le rôle des États et des régions dans l’élaboration des modèles spatiaux de fécondité hors mariage en Europe depuis 1960 à l’aide d’un ensemble de données de 497 régions infranationales et petits pays européens. Presque toutes les régions ont enregistré de substantielles augmentations de fécondité hors mariage au cours des 50 dernières années. Une précédente recherche a montré qu’au cours de la première moitié du 20ème siècle, les États ont joué un rôle prédominant dans l’établissement de la carte démographique de l’Europe (Watkins, From provinces into nations: demographic integration in Western Europe 1870–1960. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1991). En conséquence, la variation infranationale régionale a diminué tandis que les différences entre les pays ont augmenté. Dans cet artiche, nous examinons dans quelle mesure les États continuent à jouer ce rôle prédominant dans la définition des modèles de fécondité hors mariage entre 1960 et 2007. Nous constatons que les niveaux de fécondité hors mariage ont augmenté dans l’ensemble de l’Europe et que les États continuent à jouer un rôle important dans la détermination de ces modèles. Toutefois, le rôle des États par rapport aux régions a diminué au cours de la dernière période étudiée (1990 et 2007). Les explications possibles des changements incluent la croissance de l’intégration supranationale, par exemple au sein de l’Union Européenne, et la décentralisation au sein des États, engendrant une augmentation de la variabilité des conditions contextuelles infranationales
The Generations and Gender Survey Wave 1
No full textThe author has stored the data on an external site "UK Data Service". We have validated this Pure record so that the metadata for the dataset will be visible on Eprints.
Perelli-Harris, B., Maslovskaya, O., Berrington, A. (2024). United Kingdom Generations and Gender Survey, 2022-2023: Special Licence Access. [data collection]. UK Data Service. SN: 9247, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-9247-1</span
Ukraine: On the border between old and new in uncertain times
No full textThis chapter provides an overview of the demographic situation in Ukraine, including explanations for the decline to very low fertility and changes in family policy. Drawing on official statistics, survey data, and focus group interviews, the analysis shows that the country’s decline to lowest-low fertility is primarily due to the postponement of or the reduction in second births, as opposed to the postponement of first births. The chapter includes a discussion on the link between low fertility and changing marriage patterns, contraceptive prevalence, and abortion. The author then reviews the evidence for the leading explanations of fertility decline in Ukraine, including economic uncertainty, social anomie, the Second Demographic Transition, and unequal gender relations. In addition, the author proposes unexplored factors that may lead to fertility limitation, such as the increasing difficulty of combining work and childrearing, insufficient housing, changes in intergenerational support, and the deterioration of health lifestyles and marital relations.childbearing, fertility, Ukraine
The fine structure of 4321 avoiding involutions and 321 avoiding involutions
No full textWe study the fine structure of the sets I(4321) and I(321) connecting the point of wiew of the substitution decomposition theorems with the one of the associated Motzkin paths. The algebraic generating functions of the simple involutions in I(4321) and I(321) are given, together with other generating functions. The simple involutions in I(4321) and I(321) are characterized through their associated Motzkin paths
Binding Forms in First-Order Logic
No full textAiming to pinpoint the reasons behind the decidability of some complex extensions of modal logic, we propose a new classification criterion for sentences of first-order logic, which is based on the kind of binding forms admitted in their expressions, i.e., on the way the arguments of a relation can be bound to a variable. In particular, we describe a hierarchy of four fragments focused on the Boolean combinations of these forms, showing that the less expressive one is already incomparable with several first-order limitations proposed in the literature, as the guarded and unary negation fragments. We also prove, via a novel model-theoretic technique, that our logic enjoys the finite-model property, Craig's interpolation, and Beth's definability. Furthermore, the associated model-checking and satisfiability problems are solvable in PTime and Sigma_3^P, respectively
Genealogia delle società segrete: Tra inchiesta e finzione in un manoscritto toscano, 1800-1819
No full textThe essay investigates a Tuscan manuscript dedicated to unraveling the intricate genealogy of secret societies in the Italian states during the first twenty years of the XIX century. Authored by an unknown writer, believed to be a spy of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the political discourse of the manuscript strategically places itself at the core of discussions surrounding internal security and covert political associations. The unnamed author creatively reshapes cultural references and stereotypes extracted from informants and European reactionary literature about conspiracy. What sets this narrative apart is the adept use of knowledge about clandestine organizations to construct a cohesive storyline that not only describes but also actively justifies police repression against these secretive groups. The manuscript unfolds as a dynamic exploration of how ideas and ideologies infiltrate societal consciousness through the written words. It stands as a testament to the anonymous author’s ability to blend seemingly disparate elements — cultural references, stereotypes, and informed insights into clandestine organizations — into a political statement. In fact, the essay underscores the author’s capacity not only to contribute to the ongoing discourse on internal security but also to actively shape it by framing the narrative in a way that justifies authoritative actions
Nonmarital childbearing in Russia: second demographic transition or pattern of disadvantage?
No full textUsing retrospective union, birth, and education histories that span 1980-2003, this study investigates nonmarital childbearing in contemporary Russia. We employ a combination of methods to decompose fertility rates by union status and analyze the processes that lead to a nonmarital birth. We find that the increase in the percentage of nonmarital births was driven mainly by the growing proportion of women who cohabit before conception, not changing fertility behavior of cohabitors or changes in union behavior after conception. The relationship between education and nonmarital childbearing has remained stable: the least-educated women have the highest birth rates within cohabitation and as single mothers, primarily because of their lower probability of legitimating a nonmarital conception. These findings suggest that nonmarital childbearing Russia has more in common with the pattern of disadvantage in the United States than with the second demographic transition. We also find several aspects of nonmarital childbearing that neither of these perspectives anticipates
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