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The effects of soybean press cake on Parma ham quality
No full textDespite of a lack of specific recent literature, press cakes (mechanical extraction) are not presently allowed in PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) hams production due to possible negative effects on fat stability during seasoning tied to their high linoleic acid content. On the other hand, press cakes probably represent the more feasible way to fulfill the amino acidic requirements of pigs raised according to the Organic Method (2). The present trial was aimed to give more insights on the possibility of totally replacing soybean solvent‐extracted meal with soybean cake in the diets of heavy pigs intended for Parma Ham production.
Sixty crossbred pigs (initial BW 26 kg) were offered two isoenergetic and isoaminoacidic diets: a control group was fed a diet containing soybean meal (SBM), treatment group received a diet containing soybean cake (SBC). Pigs were slaughtered at 160 kg BW. Right thighs were followed during the whole dry‐curing process (18 months)to calculate weight losses for each productive step. 32 hams (16 for each group) were sensorially evaluated by a panel of five trained experts. Samples of Biceps femoris muscle were analyzed for moisture, crude protein, NaCl and proteolysis index. Fatty acids composition, peroxides and TBARS were assessed in subcutaneous fat.
The experimental data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance with the diet assumed as the main effect.
No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed during the whole dry‐curing period with respect to ham weight losses. Sensory analysis didn’t reveal any significant difference between the experimental groups with respect both to the lean fraction (humidity, texture, marbling) and the subcutaneous fat (thickness and texture). Chemical analyses showed a significant (P<0.05) reduction in the proteolysis index in the group receiving the SBC diet. However, all chemical parameters fell within the range imposed by Parma
Ham (1). The acidic composition of the subcutaneous fat from the dry‐cured hams showed a significant (P<0.01) increase in PUFA and a reduction in SFA and MUFA in the SBC group compared with the SBM group. Such a modification reflects the acidic composition of the diets and that of fat from the raw thighs.However, the overall oxidative stability (peroxides and TBARS) didn’t differ significantly between the
groups. Our results suggest that the total replacement of soybean meal (solvent‐extracted) by soybean cake
(mechanically‐extracted)does not modify either the main chemical and sensorial traits or the oxidative
stability of cured hams. Therefore, such a replacement appears to be a feasible means to achieve entirely
organic diets for heavy pigs without compromising PDO hams quality
The effects of soybean press cake on productive traits and meat quality of italian heavy pigs intended for parma ham production
No full textSixty castrated male pigs (initial average body weight 26 kg) were allotted to two experimental groups, one of which was fed a diet containing solvent extracted (SE) soybean meal, whereas the other received a diet in which SE soybean meal was entirely replaced by soybean press cake (CAKE). Pigs were slaughtered at about 160 kg body weight, according to the rules for Parma Ham production. The soybean source did not significantly (P>0.05) affect the growth traits (ADG and FCR), slaughtering parameters (dressing out, lean meat percentage and lean cuts yields) and meat quality (pH, colour and Water Holding Capacity). From a human nutritional standpoint, soybean press cake favourably influenced the acidic composition of the subcutaneous fat of the thighs. Heavy pigs receiving soybean press cake showed, in fact, a significantly (P<0.001) lower relative content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and an increased (P<0.05) level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in comparison with animals fed the diet containing SE soybean meal. No negative effects were noted with respect to ham attitude for long-term curing
Fonti proteiche vegetali non convenzionali nell'alimentazione di suini idonei all'allevamento all'aperto: digeribilità e bilancio azotato
No full textThe study was carried out to evaluate on growing pigs kept in metabolism crates, either belonging to a “traditional” cross-breed (Duroc x Large White – DLW) or a local breed (Cinta Senese – CS), the digestibility and the nitrogen balance of non-conventional vegetable protein sources (i.e. common bean meal, grass pea meal and soybean cake) when compared to soybean meal. With respect to genetics, CS pigs showed a lower apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) for ether extract (46.41% vs 51.11%) and higher ADC for crude fibre (49.02% vs 39.95%), whilst Nitrogen balance was more favourable in DLW pigs (33.09% vs 23.06%). With respect to the protein source, the diet containing common bean showed the lowest ADC value for protein due to a reduced feed intake. The diet containing soybean cake had the highest ADC value for ether extract. Crude fibre digestibility was higher in diet containing grass pea. From our results it is concluded that grass pea and soybean cake but not bean meal can be considered as valuable non-conventional protein sources in swine nutrition
In vitro assessment of the effect of intact seaweeds on the composition and metabolism of canine faecal microbiota
No full textEffects of dietary microalgae, other lipid sources, inorganic selenium and iodine on yolk n-3 fatty acid composition, selenium content and quality of eggs in laying hens
No full textBACKGROUND: This aim of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementing laying hen diets with different n-3 fattyacid sources (linseed oil, fish oil and microalgae) on egg quality and fatty acid profile. The addition of inorganic selenium (Se)and iodine (I) and their effects on egg characteristics and Se concentrationwere also evaluated.RESULTS: A significantly lower egg weight was found in the control group and in groups fed a diet containing fish oil or a dietcontaining microalgae plus Se and I. Yolks from all supplemented diet groups exhibited a significant reduction in n-6 fattyacid content compared with the control group. The docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content of yolks was higher (P < 0.01) in allsupplemented diet groups. Selenium supplementation increased the Se concentration (P < 0.001) in eggs.CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide evidence that an improvement in egg weight and in the DHA content ofyolks can be achieved by feeding hens a microalgae-rich diet, which avoids the unpleasant flavours associated with fish oilsupplementation. Dietary inorganic Se, especially in combination with I, can enhance the concentration of Se in eggs
Health status blood parameters in northern Italian Holstein growing calves.
No full textThe wellbeing of growing Holstein female calves is a crucial point in
dairy farms. Set up a normal blood parameters list could be important to
check young herd health. The objective of this study was to investigate in
growing female Holstein calves (fHc, 7–77d of life) major blood indicators
of health status and their variation during this period. Nine health fHc
(7 ± 2 d of life) kept at the same conditions (individual box, winter-spring
period, north Italy, Grana Padano cheese production area), were enrolled
and sampled at d 7, 42, 63 (weaning time) and 77. Performance parameters
and blood indicators were analyzed. Dry TMR (15CP, 2EE, 28NDF,
27starch, %) and pasteurized milk (3.6fat, 3.2prot, 5lact, %; 6L/h/d) were
used for feeding. A mixed model was performed to evaluate all the parameters
at the time point sampled with each fHc as the experimental unit.
Results showed as ADG was 600g and ave. daily TMR intake was 700g
af overall the study. Table 1 shows the most relevant parameters as LSM
95% range of variability during the period sampled (7–77 d of life). In our
study, we provided a list of parameters, a range of normality to help veterinarians
and farmers to interpret common analysis and suggested values
of health status for fHc fed daily dry TMR and 6 kg/d of pasteurized milk
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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