1,721,074 research outputs found
Politiche dell'alimentazione carestie nello Stato della Chiesa: un modello di lungo periodo (secoli XIV-XVIII)
No full textLe ricerche presentate individuano le permanenze, le variazioni e i fattori evolutivi interni a un modello di politica dei rifornimenti alimentari che nelle province dello Stato della Chiesa è durato, senza significative soluzioni di continuità, dal XIV secolo alla fine del XVIII. Si tratta di un blocco di oltre 4 secoli durante i quali è prevalsa una modalità di approccio al problema dei rifornimenti alimentari, e particolarmente granari, basata su principi di interventismo pubblico e di autoritarismo annonario. Le pubbliche autorità hanno sempre tentato di controllare il rapporto tra l’uomo e il cibo, dalla fase della sua produzione a quella della sua commercializzazione a quella del suo consumo. Per raggiungere questo scopo sono stati utilizzati diversi strumenti economici e finanziari; alcuni di essi furono elaborati nell’età del basso medioevo e rimasero costanti pur nel trascorrere del tempo. Altri furono formati e trasformati nel corso dei secoli. Ma anche in questo secondo caso, il proposito dominante è stato quasi sempre quello di adattare, alle nuove situazioni storiche, principi che nella loro essenza rimanevano fedeli all’originaria impostazione trecentesca.The research reported here identify the stays, changes and evolutionary factors internal to a policy model of food supplies in the provinces of the Papal lasted, without significant interruption, from the fourteenth century to the end of the eighteenth. It is a block of more than 4 centuries, during which prevailed a mode of approach to the problem of food supplies, and particularly granaries, based on principles of public interventionism and authoritarianism rationing. Public authorities have always tried to control the relationship between man and the food, the stage of its production to that of its marketing to that of its consumption. To achieve this goal have been used several economic and financial instruments, some of them were developed in the age of the late Middle Ages and remained constant despite the passage of time. Others were formed and transformed over the centuries. But even in this latter case, the dominant purpose is almost always to adapt, to new historical situations, principles which in their essence remained faithful to the original fourteenth-century setting
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Respiratory effects of beta-blocker therapy in heart failure
No full textThe present review focuses on the effects of beta-blockers on lung function in HF patients. Indeed, historically, beta-blockers have been considered not indicated in the presence of impaired lung function but recently this concept has been challenged. Lung function abnormalities are part of the chronic HF syndrome, as both lung mechanics and gas exchange are impaired. The regulation of ventilation and gas exchange is under sympathetic control and, therefore, a possible target of beta-blockers. beta-Blocker compounds differ in terms of pharmacological action blocking either both beta1 and beta2 receptors (carvedilol), or selectively the beta1 receptors (nebivolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol). This difference is likely to explain a different action on lung function. Indeed, 90% of beta-receptors in the lung are located on the alveoli and are mainly beta2, whereas 10% are on the airways (mainly beta1-receptors). Expiratory gases and ventilation kinetic analysis during exercise on top of standard spirometry and resting lung diffusion for carbon monoxide (DLCO) provide an integrate evaluation of the respiratory function in HF patients. Carvedilol reduces hyperventilation in HF patients during the entire exercise and proportionally increases patients quality of life. However, carvedilol has a negative action at altitude when, to counterbalance hypoxia, hyperventilation is needed. Indeed, when exercise is performed at a simulated altitude of 2,000 m, PO(2) is 69 +/- 3 mmHg and 64 +/- 4, in placebo and carvedilol, respectively. Mechanical pulmonary function in HF patients at rest and during exercise is only slightly influenced by beta-blockers. beta-Blockers affect DLCO differently in chronic HF. Specifically, carvedilol reduces DLCO from 88 +/- 15% to 74 +/- 13% due to reduction of membrane diffusion, whereas bisoprolol does not influence DLCO, likely due to the absence of action by bisoprolol on alveolar beta2-receptors, which preserve active Na(+) transport processes across the alveolar-capillary membrane. In conclusion, it is possible to use beta-blockers in HF patients even in the presence of lung function impairment, but their use should be guided by a combination of lung function evaluation and knowledge of the pharmacological properties of each molecule
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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