609 research outputs found
A computational model for epidural electrical stimulation of spinal sensorimotor circuits
No full textTrace amine-associated receptor 5 (TAAR5) provides olfactory input into limbic brain areas and modulates emotional behaviors and serotonin transmission
No full textRadiation damage studies on SiPMs for calorimetry at the Super LHC
No full textA typical scintillating tile sampling calorimeter consists of multiple layers of scintillators coupled to wavelength shifting fibers viewed by a suitable photo-detector. Long clear fibers are used to connect the tiles to the readout modules. We have investigated the use of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) at the Super Large Hadron Collider (SLHC). Because radiation hardness is the main concern, two sets of radiation data were taken using a 212 MeV proton beam at Massachusetts General Hospital. In the first data set we radiated up to a dose of 3×1010 protons per cm2 using diodes from three different manufactures (i.e., FBK, CPTA and Hamamatsu). At a dose of 3x1010 protons per cm2 only small effects of PDE loss were detected due to very high dark count always occupying one or more cells in a multi-cell SiPM. A second set of data up to 1013 protons per cm2 using very high pixel density MAPDs with up to 40,000 cells per mm2. After each small radiation dose multiple scope traces were taken to look at the PDE and dark count of the devices. The increase in dark count due to the radiation was compared to the DC leakage current. Also a comparison was made between multi-cell and single-cell samples of the FBK-IRST diodes
Radiation Damage Studies of Silicon Photomultipliers
No full textWe report on the measurement of the radiation hardness of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) manufactured by Fondazione Bruno Kessler in Italy (1 mm and 6.2 mm), Center of Perspective Technology and Apparatus in Russia (1 mm and 4.4 mm), and Hamamatsu Corporation in Japan (1 mm). The SiPMs were irradiated using a beam of 212 MeV protons at Massachusetts General Hospital, receiving fluences of up to protons per cm with the SiPMs at operating voltage. Leakage currents were read continuously during the irradiation. The delivery of the protons was paused periodically to record scope traces in response to calibrated light pulses to monitor the gains, photon detection efficiencies, and dark counts of the SiPMs. The leakage current and dark noise are found to increase with fluence. Te leakage current is found to be proportional to the mean square deviation of the noise distribution, indicating the dark counts are due to increased random individual pixel activation, while SiPMs remain fully functional as photon detectors. The SiPMs are found to anneal at room temperature with a reduction in the leakage current by a factor of 2 in about 100 days.We report on the measurement of the radiation hardness of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) manufactured by Fondazione Bruno Kessler in Italy (1 mm and 6.2 mm), Center of Perspective Technology and Apparatus in Russia (1 mm and 4.4 mm), and Hamamatsu Corporation in Japan (1 mm). The SiPMs were irradiated using a beam of 212 MeV protons at Massachusetts General Hospital, receiving fluences of up to protons per cm with the SiPMs at operating voltage. Leakage currents were read continuously during the irradiation. The delivery of the protons was paused periodically to record scope traces in response to calibrated light pulses to monitor the gains, photon detection efficiencies, and dark counts of the SiPMs. The leakage current and dark noise are found to increase with fluence. Te leakage current is found to be proportional to the mean square deviation of the noise distribution, indicating the dark counts are due to increased random individual pixel activation, while SiPMs remain fully functional as photon detectors. The SiPMs are found to anneal at room temperature with a reduction in the leakage current by a factor of 2 in about 100 days
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING OF THE RESULTS OF SMALL BUSINESSES PERFORMANCE BASED ON REGRESSION MODEL
No full textObjective: to develop the economic-mathematical model of the dependence of revenue on other balance sheet items, taking into account the sectoral affiliation of the companies.Methods: using comparative analysis, the article studies the existing approaches to the construction of the company management models. Applying the regression analysis and the least squares method, which is widely used for financial management of enterprises in Russia and abroad, the author builds a model of the dependence of revenue on other balance sheet items, taking into account the sectoral affiliation of the companies, which can be used in the financial analysis and prediction of small enterprises’ performance.Results: the article states the need to identify factors affecting the financial management efficiency. The author analyzed scientific research and revealed the lack of comprehensive studies on the methodology for assessing the small enterprises’ management, while the methods used for large companies are not always suitable for the task. The systematized approaches of various authors to the formation of regression models describe the influence of certain factors on the company activity. It is revealed that the resulting indicators in the studies were revenue, profit, or the company relative profitability. The main drawback of most models is the mathematical, not economic approach to the definition of the dependent and independent variables. Basing on the analysis, it was determined that the most correct is the model of dependence between revenues and total assets of the company using the decimal logarithm. The model was built using data on the activities of the 507 small businesses operating in three spheres of economic activity. Using the presented model, it was proved that there is direct dependence between the sales proceeds and the main items of the asset balance, as well as differences in the degree of this effect depending on the economic activity of small enterprises.Scientific novelty: the article presents a regression model of dependence of revenues on the major categories of assets for small businesses based on the principles of economic expediency, not of mathematically correct dependencies.Practical significance: the main findings of this paper can be useful in the practical management of small businesses, for financial analysis and forecasting, in particular in the benchmarking of companies in certain sectors. In addition, the results of this research can be used in scientific and teaching activities in covering the issues of financial management of small businesses
Corticospinal neuroprostheses to restore locomotion after spinal cord injury
No full textIn this conceptual review, we highlight our strategy for, and progress in the development of corticospinal neuroprostheses for restoring locomotor functions and promoting neural repair after thoracic spinal cord injury in experimental animal models. We specifically focus on recent developments in recording and stimulating neural interfaces, decoding algorithms, extraction of real-time feedback information, and closed-loop control systems. Each of these complex neurotechnologies plays a significant role for the design of corticospinal neuroprostheses. Even more challenging is the coordinated integration of such multifaceted technologies into effective and practical neuroprosthetic systems to improve movement execution, and augment neural plasticity after injury. In this review we address our progress in rodent animal models to explore the viability of a technology-intensive strategy for recovery and repair of the damaged nervous system. The technical, practical, and regulatory hurdles that lie ahead along the path toward clinical applications are enormous - and their resolution is uncertain at this stage. However, it is imperative that the discoveries and technological developments being made across the field of neuroprosthetics do not stay in the lab, but instead reach clinical fruition at the fastest pace possible. © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society
Restoring voluntary control of locomotion after paralyzing spinal cord injury
No full textHalf of human spinal cord injuries lead to chronic paralysis. Here, we introduce an electrochemical neuroprosthesis and a robotic postural interface designed to encourage supraspinally mediated movements in rats with paralyzing lesions. Despite the interruption of direct supraspinal pathways, the cortex regained the capacity to transform contextual information into task-specific commands to execute refined locomotion. This recovery relied on the extensive remodeling of cortical projections, including the formation of brainstem and intraspinal relays that restored qualitative control over electrochemically enabled lumbosacral circuitries. Automated treadmill-restricted training, which did not engage cortical neurons, failed to promote translesional plasticity and recovery. By encouraging active participation under functional states, our training paradigm triggered a cortex-dependent recovery that may improve function after similar injuries in humans
БЕЗПРОВІДНІ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-КОМУНІКАЦІЙНІ І НАВІГАЦІЙНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ НА ТРАНСПОРТНИХ ЗАСОБАХ
No full textThe construction of different types of the informativecommunication systems on the base of off-wire technologies which can be used at the transport vehicles, is described in the article. The navigative and informative ductings of data transfering, types of topology networks are considered. The example of hardware and programm realization of the navigative GPS complex with data transfering by GSM.В работе описано построение различных типов информационно-коммуникационных систем на базе беспроводных технологий, которые могут быть использованы на транспортных средствах. Рассмотрены навигационные и информационные каналы передачи данных, виды топологий сетей. Приведен пример аппаратной и программной реализации навигационного GPS комплекса с передачей данных по GSM каналу связи.У роботі описана побудова різних типів інформаційнокомунікаційних систем на базі бездротових технологій, які можуть бути використані на транспортних засобах. Розглянуто навігаційні й інформаційні канали передачі даних, види топологий мереж. Наведено приклад апаратної й програмної реалізації навігаційного GPS комплексу з передачею даних по GSM каналі зв'язку
Direct Observation of PI-2(1680) in the RHO-0-PI-System
No full textIn the reaction of x- dissociation into a p+p-z'- system on a Cu nucleus, a clear enhancement in the poz- effective-mass distribution has been observed in the 1;2( 1680) region. Partial-wave analysis shows that this enhancement is due to the P-wave and has a resonant nature. Coherent and incoherent cross-sections for this enhancement have been measured
Author Correction: A portrait of the Higgs boson by the CMS experiment ten years after the discovery
No full textIn the version of this article initially published, CMS Collaboration author names, affiliations and acknowledgements were omitted and have now been included in the HTML and PDF versions of the articl
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