90 research outputs found
Comparison of transvaginal sonography with digital examination and transabdominal sonography for the determination of fetal head position in the second stage of labor.
No full textObjective: Precise determination of fetal head position in labor is a prerequisite for safe
instrumental deliveries, and essential for the assessment of labor progress. Recent studies have
cast serious doubts on the accuracy of the time-honored digital vaginal examination (DVE) in
comparison to transabdominal ultrasound scans (TUS). However, transabdominal imaging is
technically difficult with a deeply engaged fetal head in the second stage of labor. We examined
the accuracy and time requirements of transvaginal scans (TVS) in the second stage of labor for
determination of fetal head position.
Study design: Sixty laboring women in the second stage of labor with a deeply engaged fetal head
were examined by experienced nurse midwives and senior residents. Fetal head position was
recorded as ‘‘time on a 12-hour clock.’’ Subsequently, TUS and TVS were independently performed
by a skilled sonographer. Accuracy and time requirements for all 3 examinations were recorded.
Results: Fetal head position could be determined in all cases by TVS, but not in 7 cases and 9 cases
byDVEand TUS, respectively (P!.03; P!.008).Adiscrepancy of 60( or more between theDVE
and TUS or TVS was found in 13/60 cases (21.7%) and 14/60 cases (23.3%), respectively. AR90(
discrepancy was found in 9/60 cases (15%) and 12/60 cases (20%), respectively (P ! .02 for
comparison of TUS and TVS). In 5 cases, the digital examination erroneously perceived an occiput
posterior position as occiput anterior. No significant differences in fetal head position were detected
between TUS and TVS, when the examination was technically feasible. The mean time (GSD)
required for determining fetal head position was shortest for TVS (8.7G5.8 seconds) in comparison
to DVE (22.7G 14.6 seconds; P ! .0001) or TAS (31.7G 19.1 seconds; P ! .0001)
Mot alla odds : En kvalitativ studie om tjejer på yrkesinriktade program och deras motivation att studera vidare
No full text2014-06-03</p
Diagnostic and Construct Validation of Symptom and Performance Validity Tests of Malingering in a Civil Litigation Context
No full textThe extent to which persons may malinger psychiatric symptoms is a legitimate concern in civil litigation. The consequences inherent in personal injury cases involving psychological distress necessitate an understanding of how malingering presents in medico-legal contexts and the validity and usefulness of available methods to detect malingering. The present study evaluated the construct and diagnostic validity of symptom-based (SVT) and performance-based (PVT) measures of malingering in a simulated personal injury paradigm. We evaluated the interrelationships between malingering measures and whether these measures were able to discriminate between “honest responders” and “malingerers.” Using a simulation design, 411 undergraduates were randomly assigned into four experimental conditions, which outlined the experience of a motor vehicle accident and subsequent psychological and cognitive symptoms. Conditions varied on the degree of suggestion to malinger symptoms as related to a personal injury case. Under this paradigm, participants completed measures of malingered symptomatology, including the TOMM, M-FAST, SIMS, and TSI-2 ATR. As predicted, we found weaker correlations between PVT and SVTs, but moderate significant correlations were found across symptom validity measures. These findings support conceptualization of malingering as a non-unitary construct. Results from ROC analysis suggest that only the TSI-2 ATR was useful in discriminating between simulation groups. Contrary to expectations, prominent measures of malingering (TOMM, M-FAST, and SIMS) did not discriminate between groups. Results may mean that these tests may operate differently than intended within a civil litigation context and depending on the type of psychopathology feigned.Psychology, Department o
Indoor labeling of building products. Part 2: Technical documentation
No full textDenne rapport beskriver laboratorieforsøg med ni byggevarer - tre fugemasser, tre malinger og tre tekstile gulvbelægninger - samt modelberegninger og sundhedsmæssige vurderinger. Resultaterne heraf udgør det faglige og tekniske grundlag for indeklimamærkningsordningen. Formålet har været at undersøge, hvodan byggevarers afgasningsprofil af organiske gasser og dampe kan anvendes til at karakterisere og rangordne byggematerialers indvirken på indeklimaet. I rapporten redegøres for resultaterne af de kemiske og sensoriske analyser og for den sundhedsmæssige vurdering, der anbefales gennemført, så den indeklimarelevante tidsværdi kan bestemmes. Tidsværdien er baseret på indeklimarelevante lugttærskler og kan anvendes til rangfølgeordning af byggevarerne
Comparison of Malingering Measures, Suggestion, and Litigation Status among Personal Injury Litigants
No full textForensic psychologists are often asked to determine whether evaluees are providing truthful responses regarding level of impairment. Specialized measures of malingering have been developed to assist with this determination. Although malingering is prevalent, little research has examined the effects of participation in litigation and of attorney suggestion to malinger on feigning, the degree of overlap between malingering detection measures, especially those examining cognitive deficits and psychiatric symptoms, and the effectiveness of commonly utilized malingering measures with evaluees exhibiting symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The present study used multiple measures of malingering, which assessed both cognitive and psychiatric symptom feigning, to examine effectiveness of malingering detection with evaluees with PTSD symptoms. Results indicate that measures differ in their ability to detect malingering given the presence of litigation or suggestion and may differ depending upon evaluee symptom presentation. Results suggest that forensic evaluators should carefully choose malingering detection measures based upon the referral question and circumstances surrounding the evaluation.Psychology, Department o
EFCC, Money Laundering regulation and Politically Exposed Persons: Evidential burden and the cobweb of legalism
No full textThis dissertation compares the use and effect of money laundering regulation and sanction in some African and Western jurisdictions - arguing that excessive use of criminal jurisdiction in this area of the law, in respect to African Politically Exposed Persons (PEPs), is misplaced. The author suggests that a criminal sanction and the opprobrium attached to it, in respect to political figures, does not have the same resonance in Africa as it does in Western jurisdictions. As a result, the rush for criminal indictment of officials by many AML agencies in Africa, regardless of the implausibility of the evidence masks a fundamental divergence of values in the way a criminal indictment is conceptualised across different jurisdictions
The interaction between menstrual cycle, Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha receptors and sex hormones in healthy non-obese women – results from an observational study
No full textThere is growing evidence that TNF-alpha and its two receptors play an important role in hormonal regulation, metabolism, inflammation and cancer. The biological effects of TNF-alpha are mediated by two receptors, p55 and p75. The aim of this study was to analyze serum concentrations of p55 and p75 and hormonal status in healthy women during the normal menstrual cycle. Eight women aged 20–22 with regular menstrual cycles were scheduled for examination on 3[sup]rd[/sup] , 8[sup]th[/sup] , 14[sup]th[/sup]
and 25[sup]th [/sup] day of their menstrual cycle. We only observed a positive correlation of p75 subunit with prolactin level (correlation coefficient 0.417; p=0.0116) and negative correlation with insulin level (correlation coefficient -0.35; p=0.032) and HOMA[sub]IR[/sub] insulin resistance index correlation coefficient 0.39; p=0.0185). Furthermore, a negative correlation of p55/p75 ratio with prolactin (correlation coefficient -0.42; p=0.0101) and a positive correlations of p55/p75 ratio with insulin level (correlation
coefficient 0.43; p=0.008) and HOMA[sub]IR[/sub] insulin resistance factor correlation coefficient 0.45; p=0.0065) were found
Assessment of fetal intracranial pathologies first demonstrated late in pregnancy: cell proliferation disorders
No full textAbstract A considerable number of central nervous system pathologies remain undiagnosed during the first two trimesters of pregnancy. This group of disorders includes anomalies of brain proliferation, migration and cortical organization. Due to the fact that a detailed ultrasound examination of the fetal brain is usually not performed during the third trimester the diagnosis of these disorders is usually only made in families with a previously affected child or in many cases be mere chance. In this article we review the feasibility of prenatal diagnosis of disorders of brain proliferation: microcephaly, macrocephaly, hemimegalencephaly and neoplastic and non-neoplastic abnormal cell types. We discuss the differential diagnosis and offer a stepwise approach to the diagnosis of the more common disorders.</p
- …
