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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Effects of extender composition, cooling rate and freezing on the fertilisation viability of spermatozoa of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)
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The aim of this research was to optimise protocols for freezing spermatozoa of the Pacific oyster. All the phases of the cryopreservation procedure (choice of cryoprotectant, cooling, freezing, and thawing) were studied in relation to the species of spermatozoa to restore on thawing the morphological and physiological characteristics of fresh semen. The choice of type and concentration of cryoprotectant in which semen is incubated before freezing is fundamental for a
successful cryopreservation: the cryoprotectants (dimethylsulfoxide—Me2SO, ethylene glycol—EG, propylene glycol—PG, and glycerol in concentrations between 5 and 15%) were tested for their toxicity on the semen exposed up to 30 min at +26 _C (room temperature) by evaluating its ability to fertilise and the embryo development to the regular D larval stage. The best cryoprotectants, Me2SO, EG, and PG 5, 10, and 15% respectively, were used for the pre-cooling (adaptation/cooling) tests. Two different adaptation/cooling procedures were tested: (A) from +26 _C to 0–2 _C (2.6 _C/min) and (B) at +26 _C for 15 min. Lastly, using the cryoprotectants and the adaptation procedure (B) that had given the best results in the preceding stages of the experiment, four cooling rates were tested: 6, 11, 16, and 21 _C/min. It was seen that the semen that was incubated with EG 10%, adapted at +26 _C for 15 min, and then cooled at a rate of 6 _C/min showed a percentage of regular D larvae on thawing comparable to that of fresh semen (p > 0.05)
Antioxidant-sensitive triiodothyronine effects on characteristics of rat liver mitochondrial population
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Effect of vitamin E on the response to ischemia-reperfusion of Langendorff heart preparations from hyperthyroid rats
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