779 research outputs found
Andrey Bely: A Critical Review
No full textAndrey Bely, novelist, essayist, theoretician, critic, and poet, was a central figure in the Russian Symbolist movement of the 1920s, the most important literary movement in Russia in this century. Bely articulated a Symbolist aesthetic and originated a new approach to the study of Russian metrics and versification, giving rise to a new scholarly discipline that still thrives in the West.
Although regarded by some critics, including Vladimir Nabokov, as the author of the greatest Russian novel of this century, Bely has been nearly forgotten in his native country for ideological reasons. In the West he remains little known and generally under-valued. But with recent English translations of Kotik Letaev and his masterpiece, Petersburg, interest in Bely is increasing. Janecek\u27s book brings together some of the best modern scholarship on Bely and the Russian Symbolist movement of the 1920s.
Gerald Janecek is associate professor of Russian at the University of Kentucky.https://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_slavic_languages_and_societies/1001/thumbnail.jp
Implementation Essays on Decision Support Systems
No full textThe "Task Force Meeting on Decision Support Systems (DSS)" held at IIASA in June 1980 has stimulated some new thinking in this area of research in the MMT group (Management and Technology Research Area). The discussion pointed out the important role that DSS can play in assisting decision makers. DSS should be seen as a complicated socio-technical system for solving relevant problems in the wider social context.
This paper is oriented towards technical aspects of DSS, but human factors have been taken into account as well. It contains some points of view of implementation; it reviews some basic functions which are to be performed by DSS and techniques which can simplify DSS design. A possible implementation structure based on computer network theory is presented, and in addition, some of the problems involved are discussed
The author Jan Janecek participated in the IIASA Young Scientists Summer Program 1980. He was attached to the MMT Research Area for three months. This report is one of the results of his work during that period
Searching with semantics: an interactive visualization technique for exploring an annotated image collection
No full textEffective opportunistic search in visual interfaces for large information collections, such as documents, Web pages, and annotated images, often requires domain knowledge that the information seeker does not have. Relevant semantic information, such as metadata and especially ontologies, are valuable resources for helping the user learn this domain knowledge. In this paper we describe an interactive "focus+context" visualization technique for integrating this semantic information into the representation of the information collection to support effective opportunistic search. We have implemented a prototype using these techniques that integrates WordNet, a general lexical ontology, and a large collection of professionally annotated images. As the user explores the collection, the prototype dynamically changes the visual emphasis and detail of the images and keywords to reflect the relevant semantic relationships. This interaction allows the user to rapidly learn and use the domain knowledge required for effective opportunistic searchGR-PUHuman Comput. Interaction Group, Swiss Fed. Inst. of Technol., Lausanne, Switzerlan
Site 1222
No full textSite 1222 (13°48.98´N, 143°53.35´W; 4989 meters below sea level [mbsl]; Fig. F1) forms a south-central component of the 56-Ma transect drilled during Leg 199 and is situated ~2° south of the Clarion Fracture Zone in typical abyssal hill topography. On the basis of regional magnetic anomalies, we anticipated basement age at Site 1222 to be equivalent to Chron C25r or Chron C25n (~56-57 Ma) (Cande et al., 1989), which is slightly older than at Site 1219. At the outset of drilling at Site 1222, our estimate for total sediment thickness was ~115 m (Fig. F2).
Based upon a fixed hotspot model (Gripp and Gordon, 1990, for 0- to 5-Ma Pacific hotspot rotation pole; Engebretson et al., 1985, for older poles) Site 1222 should have been located ~1° north of the equator at 56 Ma and ~4°N at 40 Ma. A nearby gravity core (EW9709-17GC), taken during the site survey cruise, recovered >5 m of red clay with a late-middle Miocene age on the basis of radiolarian biostratigraphy (Lyle, 2000). Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 42 located ~4° east of Site 1222, was not drilled to basement but contains a thin sedimentary section (~100 m thick) of upper Oligocene nannofossil ooze through middle Eocene radiolarian nannofossil ooze. In turn, DSDP Site 162 lies ~1° north of DSDP Site 42 and is situated on young crust (49 Ma) that contains ~150 m of clayey radiolarian and nannofossil oozes of early Oligocene-middle Eocene age.
Site 1222 will be used to study the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the late Eocene and Oligocene, to sample late Paleocene and early Eocene sediments in the central tropical Pacific Ocean, and to help determine whether or not there has been significant southward movement of the hotspots with respect to the spin axis prior to 40 Ma
Kdy lze de lege lata poškozenému přiznat preventivně-sankční složku přiměřeného zadostiučinění
No full textWhen is it de lege lata possible to award punitive damages?
The main aim of this article is to show when it is possible to award punitive damages under the Czech Civil Code. First, the author discusses a thesis that current Czech law of delictual liability is rights-based and that it is useful to strictly distinguish between correlative primary and secondary rights and duties in order to understand various functions of remedies. It is then argued that under this theoretical structure there is room for both corrective and distributive justice, the second of which may support the punitive function of remedies. The goal of punitive damages is a new distribution. Finally, a key part of this article identifies particular conditions for the punitive damages awards in Czech law. </p
Site 1215
No full textSite 1215 (26°01.77´N, 147°55.99´W, 5396 meters below sea level [mbsl]; Fig. F1) is the northernmost of seven sites drilled on the 56-Ma-crust transect during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 199. It will be used to investigate paleoceanographic processes in the northern subtropical early Eocene Pacific Ocean. Site 1215 is situated north of the Molokai Fracture Zone on typical abyssal hill topography in an area of thin but continuous sediment cover (Fig. F2). Based on magnetic lineations, basement age at Site 1215 should be in the youngest part of Anomaly An26R, or ~58 Ma (Cande et al., 1989; timescale of Cande and Kent, 1995). The Cenozoic history of sedimentation in this region was poorly constrained prior to Leg 199 drilling because the nearest Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) or ODP drill site (DSDP Leg 5) is >1000 km away. Based on data from these early rotary coring activities (together with magnetic anomaly maps, a program of shallow-penetration piston coring, and seismic profiling), we expected the sedimentary sequence at Site 1215 to comprise red clays (a mixture of wind-blown dust and authigenic precipitates) overlying a basal carbonate section deposited when the site was near the ridge crest in the late Paleocene and early Eocene.
The broad paleoceanographic objectives of drilling the sedimentary sequence anticipated at Site 1215 are as follows: (1) to help define the shift in the Intertropical Convergence Zone through the Paleogene by following the change in eolian-dust composition and flux through time (red clays); (2) to help define the North Equatorial Current and North Pacific subtropical gyre processes (basal carbonates); and (3) sampling of the Paleocene/Eocene (P/E) boundary, one of the most climatologically critical intervals of Cenozoic time. Recovery of deep-sea sediments from this time interval was a high priority because the P/E boundary has never been sampled in the central tropical Pacific Ocean.
Results from Site 1215 will also provide important information to test whether there was significant motion of the Hawaiian hotspot, with respect to the Earth's spin axis, during the early Cenozoic. At 56 Ma, the backtracked location based upon a hotspot reference frame (Gripp and Gordon, 1990, for 0- to 5-Ma Pacific hotspot rotation pole; Engebretson et al., 1985, for older poles) is ~11°N, 117°W. If significant hotspot motion or true polar wander occurred since 57 Ma (Petronotis et al., 1994), this drill site could have been much closer to the equator
Site 1216
No full textSite 1216 (21°27.16´N, 139°28.79´W; 5152 meters below sea level [mbsl]; Fig. F1) is situated in abyssal hill topography south of the Molokai Fracture Zone and two small associated unnamed parasitic fracture zones (Fig. F2). Based on magnetic lineations, Site 1216 appears to be situated on normal ocean crust formed during the C25r magnetic anomaly (~57 Ma; Atwater and Severinghaus, 1989). Site 1216 was chosen for drilling because it is near the thickest section of lower Eocene sediments along the 56-Ma transect, which was based upon the seismic stratigraphy of seismic reflection data acquired on site survey cruise EW9709 during transits between the proposed drill sites (Lyle et al., this volume; Moore et al., 2002). The Cenozoic history of sedimentation in this region was poorly constrained prior to Leg 199, being largely based on two Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) drill sites (40 and 41) and piston core data (EW9709-3PC) from ~1.5° in latitude to the south. Based on data from these drill sites, we expected the sedimentary sequence at Site 1216 to comprise red clays (a mixture of wind-blown dust and authigenic precipitates) overlying a biogenic sediment section composed of an upper middle Eocene radiolarian ooze and lower carbonate ooze deposited when the site was near the ridge crest in the late Paleocene and early Eocene.
The broad paleoceanographic objectives of drilling the sedimentary sequence anticipated at Site 1216 are as follows: (1) to help define the shift in the Intertropical Convergence Zone through the Paleogene by following the change in eolian-dust composition and flux through time (red clays) and (2) to help define the latitudinal extent, composition, and mass accumulation of plankton communities in the north equatorial Pacific region thereby constraining ocean circulation patterns and the extent of the equatorial high-productivity belt in the Eocene ocean.
Results from Site 1216 will also provide important information to test whether there was significant motion of the Hawaiian hotspot with respect to the Earth's spin axis during the early Cenozoic. At 56 Ma, the backtracked location of Site 1216 based upon a hotspot reference frame (Gripp and Gordon, 1990, for 0- to 5-Ma Pacific hotspot rotation pole; Engebretson et al., 1985, for older poles) is about 9°N, 108°W. If significant hotspot motion or true polar wander occurred since 57 Ma (Petronotis et al., 1994), this drill site could have been much nearer to the equator
Site 1217
No full textSite 1217 (16°52.02´N, 138°06.00´W; 5342 meters below sea level [mbsl]; Fig. F1) is one of seven sites drilled to target upper Paleocene crust along a latitudinal transect during Leg 199 and will be used to investigate paleoceanographic processes in the northern tropical early Eocene Pacific Ocean. Site 1217 is situated ~1° north of the Clarion Fracture Zone on abyssal hill topography typical of the central Pacific. Based on magnetic lineations, basement age at Site 1217 should be in magnetic Anomaly C25r or ~57 Ma (Cande et al., 1989; timescale of Cande and Kent, 1995). The Cenozoic history of sedimentation in this region was poorly constrained prior to Leg 199 drilling because the nearest drill site (Deep Sea Drilling Project [DSDP] Site 162) is situated ~300 km south and west on 48-Ma crust. Based on data from this early rotary-cored hole, magnetic anomaly maps, a shallow-penetration piston core near Site 1217 (EW9709-4PC), and seismic profiling (Fig. F2), we expected the sedimentary sequence at Site 1217 to comprise a relatively thick (25 to 35 m thick) section of red clays overlying a radiolarian ooze and a basal carbonate section with possible chert near basement (estimated total depth ~125-150 meters below seafloor [mbsf]) deposited when the site was near the ridge crest in the late Paleocene and early Eocene.
Site 1217 was chosen because it is anticipated to have been located just outside of the equatorial region at 56 Ma, ~5°N, 106°W based upon a fixed hotspot model (Gripp and Gordon, 1990, for 0- to 5-Ma Pacific hotspot rotation pole; Engebretson et al., 1985, for older poles). On the same basis at 40 Ma, the site was located at ~8°N, 111°W. Thus, Site 1217 should help define the paleoceanography of the northern tropical Pacific, in particular locating the ancient North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) region. General circulation-model experiments for the early Eocene (see Huber, this volume) suggest that the NECC was a well-developed current during this time period.
Other paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic objectives of drilling the sedimentary sequence anticipated at Site 1217 are as follows: (1) to help define the shift in the Intertropical Convergence Zone through the Paleogene by following the change in eolian dust composition and flux through time (red clays); (2) to help constrain the middle-late Eocene calcite compensation depth (CCD); and (3) to sample the Paleocene/Eocene (P/E) boundary, one of the most climatologically critical intervals of Cenozoic time. Recovery of deep-sea sediments from this time interval during Leg 199 is a high priority because the P/E boundary has never before been sampled in the central tropical Pacific Ocean.
Results from Site 1217 will also provide important information to test whether there was significant motion of the Hawaiian hotspot, with respect to the Earth's spin axis during the early Cenozoic. At 56 Ma, the backtracked location based upon a hotspot reference frame is ~5°N, 106°W, and at 40 Ma is ~8°N, 106°W. If significant hotspot motion or true polar wander occurred since 57 Ma (Petronotis et al., 1994), this drill site could have been much nearer to the equator
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