236 research outputs found
A system for the extraction and representation of summary of product characteristics content.
No full textOBJECTIVE:
Information about medications is critical in supporting decision-making during the prescription process and thus in improving the safety and quality of care. In this work, we propose a methodology for the automatic recognition of drug-related entities (active ingredient, interaction effects, etc.) in textual drug descriptions, and their further location in a previously developed domain ontology.
METHODS AND MATERIAL:
The summary of product characteristics (SPC) represents the basis of information for health professionals on how to use medicines. However, this information is locked in free-text and, as such, cannot be actively accessed and elaborated by computerized applications. Our approach exploits a combination of machine learning and rule-based methods. It consists of two stages. Initially it learns to classify this information in a structured prediction framework, relying on conditional random fields. The classifier is trained and evaluated using a corpus of about a hundred SPCs. They have been hand-annotated with different semantic labels that have been derived from the domain ontology. At a second stage the extracted entities are added in the domain ontology corresponding concepts as new instances, using a set of rules manually-constructed from the corpus.
RESULTS:
Our evaluations show that the extraction module exhibits high overall performance, with an average F1-measure of 88% for contraindications and 90% for interactions.
CONCLUSION:
SPCs can be exploited to provide structured information for computer-based decision support systems
Pauline Gallinari, Les communistes et le cinéma : France, de la Libération aux années 60.
No full textRennes, Presses universitaires de Rennes, « Histoire », 2015, 302 p. Organisé en trois parties chronologiques (1945-1947, 1948-1953, 1953-1966), l’ouvrage de Pauline Gallinari vient enrichir le champ des études sur les communistes et le cinéma en France. En 1975, un premier article, « De “Ciné-Liberté” à La Marseillaise. Espoirs et limites d’un cinéma libéré (1936-1938) », signé par Pascal Ory, avait été publié dans Le Mouvement social (( Le Mouvement social, n° 91, 1975, p. 151-174.)..
H.,Gallinari P. Learning for Sequence Extraction Tasks
No full textWe consider the application of machine learning techniques for sequence modeling to Information Retrieval (IR) and surface Information Extraction (IE) tasks. We introduce a generic sequence model and show how it can be used for dealing with different closed-query tasks. Taking into account the sequential nature of texts allows for a finer analysis than what is usually done in IR with static text representations. The task we are focusing on is the retrieval and labeling of texts passages, also known as highlighting and surface information extraction. We describe different implementations of our model based on Hidden Markov Models and Neural Networks. Experiments are performed using the MUC6 corpus from the information extraction community. 1
Exemplars and Counterexemplars Explanations for Skin Lesion Classifiers
No full textExplainable AI consists in developing models allowing interaction between decision systems and humans by making the decisions understandable. We propose a case study for skin lesion diagnosis showing how it is possible to provide explanations of the decisions of deep neural network trained to label skin lesions
Characterization of Prejunctional Serotonin Receptors Modulating [3H]-Acetylcholine Release in the Human Detrusor.
No full textTGF beta induces a sustained c-fos expression associated with stimulation or inhibition of cell growth in EL2 or NIH 3T3 fibroblasts
No full textWe have previously indicated that epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays a fundamental role in the proliferation control of EL2 rat fibroblast line. It is shown here that transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) stimulates both DNA synthesis and proliferation of EL2 cells, while exerting an inhibitory effect on the growth of murine NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. We also report the effect of TGF beta and EGF on c-fos expression in EL2 cells, as compared to that of TGF beta in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. In EL2 cells EGF induces a transient c-fos expression at both mRNA and protein level, as previously observed in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts treated with platelet-derived or fibroblast growth factor (PDGF, FGF). Conversely, TGF beta induces in EL2 cells a sustained expression of fos mRNA and protein, which are still detectable at least 24 and 7 hr after treatment respectively. In NIH-3T3 fibroblasts TGF beta causes a sustained fos RNA expression, which is not associated, however, with detectable fos protein. We conclude that in fibroblasts stimulated by mitogens c-fos expression may be differentially modulated, depending of the growth factor and the cell line. This is seemingly due to differential regulation of fos gene expression, not only at the transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional level (transient or sustained fos RNA induction by EGF or TGF beta in EL2 cells), but also at the translational level (fos protein(s) induction by TGF beta in EL2 but not NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, possibly related to the stimulatory vs inhibitory effect of this factor on the growth of the former vs the latter line)
The nonstructural proteins of the hepatitis C virus: Structure and functions
No full textThe hepatitis C virus is the major causative agent of nonA-nonB hepatitis worldwide. Although this virus cannot be cultivated in cell culture, several of its features have been elucidated in the past few years. The viral genome is a single-stranded, 9.5kb long RNA molecule of positive polarity, The viral genome is translated into a single polyprotein of about 3000 amino acids. The virally encoded polyprotein undergoes proteolytic processing by a combination of cellular and viral proteolytic enzymes in order to yield all the mature viral gene products, The gene order of HCV has been determined to be C-E1-E2-p7-NS2-NS3-NS4A-NS4B-NS5A-NS5B. The mature structural proteins, C, E1 and E2 have been shown to arise from the viral polyprotein via proteolytic processing by host signal peptidases. Conversely, generation of the mature nonstructural proteins relies on the activity of viral proteases. Thus, cleavage at the NS2/NS3 junction is accomplished by a metal-dependent autoprotease encoded within NS2 and the N-terminus of NS3. The remaining cleavages downstream from this site are effected by a serine protease contained within the N-terminal region of NS3. Besides the protease domain, NS3 also contains an RNA helicase domain at its C-terminus. NS3 forms a heterodimeric complex with NS4A, The latter is a membrane protein that has been shown to act as a cofactor of the protease. Whereas the NS5B protein has been shown to be the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, no function has yet been attributed to NS4B and NS5A, The latter is a cytoplasmic phosphoprotein and appears to be involved in mediating the resistance of the hepatitis C virus to the action of interferon
A system for the extraction and representation of summary of product characteristics content.
No full textSynthesis and biological activity of cyclotetrapeptide analogues of the natural HDAC inhibitor FR235222
No full textYear to year comparison of 2000–2015 in hip fracture management: same survival rate despite older and more fragile patients
No full textPurpose: The aim of this study was to compare clinical data, comorbidities and survival rates at 30 days and 1 year in two groups with femoral fractures, the first including patients admitted in 2000, and the other including patients admitted in 2015. The hypothesis of the study is that patients admitted in 2015 have more comorbidities and will therefore have a lower survival rate at 30 days and 1 year from trauma. Methods: Patients admitted to the hospital with proximal femoral fractures in 2000 (90 patients) and 2015 (167 patients) were retrospectively reviewed. The following data were collected: age, gender, source of admission, ASA score, comorbidities, time from admission to surgery and length of hospital stay. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score, a measure of comorbidity, and the Nottingham Hip Fracture Score (NHFS), a predictor of 30-day and 1-year mortality after hip fracture, were both calculated. Results: Patients in the 2015 group were older and more institutionalized before fracture (p < 0.05), with a significant increase in Alzheimer’s disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure and renal impairment. The length of stay was significantly lower in 2015. The NHFS and CCI were significantly higher in 2000. Mortality at 30 days and 1 year did not differ significantly in 2000 when compared to 2015. The CCI had the best predictive ability for mortality in both groups at 30 days and 1 year. Conclusions: The increase of comorbidities was not found to be correlated to increased mortality. This could be explained by enhanced patient management permitting earlier mobilization and weight bearing
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