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Interleukin-1beta and glutamate activate the NF-kappaB/Rel binding site from the regulatory region of the Amyloid Precursor Protein gene in primary neuronal cultures
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
[Acetylcholine induces human detrusor muscle cell proliferation: molecular and pharmacological characterization.]
No full textIntroduction: The purpose of the study is to understand whether the cholinergic stimulation is important, not only in inducing contraction of the detrusor muscle, but also in modulating the proliferation of smooth muscle cells. These results could help to better understand the role of antimuscarinic drugs, which are currently used for the treatment of many urological diseases. Patients and methods: Primary cultures were prepared from biopsies of human detrusor muscle of subjects >65 years. From the cell culture set-up for each patient, mRNA was extracted and both the gene expression and the influence of increasing passages on the expression of muscarinic receptor subtypes were evaluated by semi-quantitative and quantitative PCR (RT-PCR and Q-RT-PCR). The rate of cell proliferation induced by cholinergic drugs was assessed by the evaluation of the [3H]-thymidine incorporation. Results: The gene expression analysis demonstrated that the range of expression of muscarinic subtypes in human detrusor smooth muscle cells (HDSMCs) is M2 > M3 > M1 > M4 > M5. The exposure to the cholinergic agonist carbachol induced a concentration-dependent increase in cell proliferation rate. The pharmacological characterization indicated that this effect was mainly mediated by the receptor subtypes M3 and M2. Discussion: The cholinergic stimulation led to an increase in HDSMC proliferation, suggesting that this phenomenon might be involved in the pathogenic mechanism through which the cervico-urethral obstruction causes a detrusor hypertrophy, followed by a loss of function. These results could then provide an indication of the use of antimuscarinic drugs in the treatment of lower urinary tract disorders
GENE EXPRESSION OF CHOLINERGIC MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR SUBTYPES IN MALE AND FEMALE NORMAL HUMAN BLADDER
No full textSelective disarrangement of the rostral telencephalic cholinergic system in heterozygous reeler mice
No full textReelin (RELN) is a key molecule for the regulation of neuronal migration in the developing CNS. The reeler mice, which have spontaneous autosomal recessive mutation in the RELN gene, reveal multiple defects in brain development. Morphological, neurochemical and behavioral alterations have been detected in heterozygous reeler (HR) mice, suggesting that not only the presence, but also the level of RELN influences brain development. Several studies implicate an involvement of RELN in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders in which an alteration of the cholinergic cortical pathways is implicated as well. Thus, we decided to investigate whether the basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic system is altered in HR mice by examining cholinergic markers at the level of both cell body and nerve terminals. In septal and rostral, but not caudal, basal forebrain region, HIR mice exhibited a significant reduction in the number of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunoreactive (ir) cell bodies compared with control mice. Instead, an increase in ChAT ir neurons was detected in lateral striaturn. This suggests that an alteration in ChAT ir cell migration which leads to a redistribution of cholinergic neurons in subcortical forebrain regions occurs in HIR mice. The reduction of ChAT ir neurons in the BF was paralleled by an alteration of cortical cholinergic nerve terminals. In particular, the HIR mice presented a marked reduction of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining accompanied by a small reduction of cortical thickness in the rostral clorsomedial cortex, while the density of AChE staining was not altered in the lateral and ventral cortices. Present results show that the cholinergic basalo-cortical system is markedly, though selectively, impaired in HIR mice. Rostral sub-regions of the BF and rostro-medial cortical areas show significant decreases of cholinergic neurons and innervation, respectively. (c) 2006 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Pharmacological characterization of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in rat limbocorticals areas: I, frontal cortex
No full textPharmacological characterization of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in rat limbocortical areas: II, dorsal hippocampus
No full textCirculating nerve growth factor concentration is sexual hormone-related and it is increasd in patients with microprolactinoma
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