1,720,959 research outputs found
Alternative control of muscle spoilage by a neem cake extract
No full textInterest in the use of antimicrobial packaging systems for muscle and muscle products has increased in recent years to prolong shelf-life, to improve safety, sensory properties, quality of fresh retail meat and to prevent economic loss. The exploration of plant-derived antimicrobials should be an innovative way to find new alternative substances as meat preservatives for antimicrobial packaging. In addition, the use of plant derived antimicrobial products is important as they represent a lower perceived risk to the consumer. This is the first report dealing with the antimicrobial activity of an ethylacetate (CH3COOCH2CH3) neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) cake extract (NCE) against spoilage bacteria of fresh retail meat (Escherichia coli, Brochothrix thermosphacta, Enterococcus faecalis, Carnobacterium sp., Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus sakei and Leuconostoc sp.) using the broth macro-dilution method. The percentage of bacterial growth reduction (GR%) varies significantly (P ≥ 0.05) in function of the concentration of NCE considered (1:10- 1:100,000). The highest percentage of bacterial growth reduction in appropriate liquid medium was obtained at 10 μg of NCE (GR%:79.75±1.53-90.73±1.53). The obtained results showed that the NCE has a broad range of antibacterial activity. The numbers of viable bacterial cells never significantly (p ≤ 0.05) overcome the inoculums' concentration used to experimentally contaminate meat at each interval considered. NCE should be considered as potential preservative for active packaging of fresh retail meat
Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Oil to Tackle Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
Full text linkNeem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) oil (NO) was assayed against forty-eight isolates of Escherichia coli by standardised disc diffusion test and microdilution test. By molecular biology characterization, fourteen isolates resulted in diarrheagenic E. coli with sixteen primer pairs that specifically amplify unique sequences of virulence genes and of 16S rRNA. The NO showed biological activity against all isolates. The bacterial growth inhibition zone by disc diffusion method (100 μL NO) ranged between 9.50 ± 0.70 and 30.00 ± 1.00 mm. The antibacterial activity was furthermore determined at lower NO concentrations (1 : 10–1 : 10,000). The percent of growth reduction ranged between 23.71 ± 1.00 and 99.70 ± 1.53. The highest bacterial growth reduction was 1 : 10 NO concentration with 50 μL of bacterial suspension (ca. 1 × 106 CFU/mL). There is significant difference between the antibacterial activities against pathogenic and nonpathogenic E. coli, as well as NO and ciprofloxacin activities. Viable cells after the different NO concentration treatments were checked by molecular biology assay using PMA dye. On the basis of the obtained results, NO counteracts E. coli and also influences the virulence of E. coli viable cells after NO treatment. The NO metabolomic composition was obtained using fingerprint HPTLC
Assessment of Neem oil effect on hematological profile and towards peripheral blood mononuclear cells of goat
No full textNeem oil (NO) was evaluated in previous experiments as a natural ectoparasiticide for sheep and goats. In this work a methodology was assessed to evaluate the effect of NO on PBMC and the aematological profile of goats. Bloodcells from Siriana, Sanen, Cashemere and Maltese goat (Capra hircus L.) breeds were assayed-in in vivo and in vitro tests. Several haematological parameters of blood from goat untreated and treated with NO were compared.
There was no significant difference (p<0.05) between NO treated and untreated goat’ haematological parameters at each sampling time considered. In addition, the NO effect towards goat PBMC cultured in RPMI medium was evaluated at 1:2 x 102 to 1:20 x 106 dilutions at 14, 21 and 40 h of exposure. The PBMC viability was revealed using WST-1 dye. The in vitro test reveals that the response of goat PBMC viability is concentration, incubation time and NO dose dependent. The PBMC Maltese and Saneen breed resulted the most suitable for in vitro viability
evaluation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Vita di bordo: macine e bilance
No full textDescrizione di macina rotatoria e macina di tipo pompeiano da T. S. Gennaro (Br), e di una stadera da P. del Serrone (Br
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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