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Letter to the Editor regarding “CAROTID ARTERY STENTING HAS INCREASED RATES OF POSTPROCEDURE STROKE, DEATH, AND RESOURCE UTILIZATION THAN DOES CAROTID ENDARTERECTOMY IN THE UNITED STATES, 2005”
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Carotid artery stenting: A Review.
No full textAbstract View references (48)
Carotid artery stenting (CAS) has emerged as an alternative to carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for the treatment of carotid stenosis, yet there remains a substantial amount of variability and uncertainty in clinical practice in the referral of patients for stenting versus endarterectomy. By undertaking a review of the literature, messages were taken in order to better define benefit from carotid stenting versus endarterectomy. CAS may be favorably compared to CEA only in experienced hands and fully trained centers: the learning curve is longer than previously expected for this procedure. Not all symptomatic patients may undergo CAS with the same periprocedural risk: older patients and recently symptomatic patients may still benefit from CEA. Larger sample size is needed to clarify the risk-benefit ratio of CAS versus CEA especially in asymptomatic patients. Ongoing, correctly designed, large randomized trials will help determine optimal carotid revascularization strategies in the future
THE ROLE OF CAROTID ARTERY STENTING AND CAROTID ENDARTERECTOMY IN COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
No full textBackground and Purpose—Change in cognition is being increasingly recognized as an important outcome measure;
however, the role of carotid revascularization on this issue remains to be determined. It is still under debate
whether carotid artery stenting and carotid endarterectomy have the same influence on neuropsychological
functions.
Summary of Review—This article systematically reviews recent literature in an attempt to clarify this issue. A total of 32
papers reporting on neurocognition after carotid endarterectomy (n25), carotid artery stenting (n4), or carotid artery
stenting versus carotid endarterectomy (n3) were identified. The studies were different for many methodological
factors, eg, sample size, type of patients and control group, statistical measure, type of test, timing of assessment, and
so on. There was a lack of consensus in defining the improvement or impairment after either carotid artery stenting or
carotid endarterectomy. Furthermore, there were nonuneqivocal results regarding the same domain of assessment
(memory, visuomotor, attention). Based on available evidence, it is probable that carotid endarterectomy as well as
carotid artery stenting do not change neuropsychological function “per se.”
Conclusions—Assessment of cognition after carotid revascularization is probably influenced by many confounding factors
such as learning effect, type of test, type of patients, and control group, which are often minimized in their importance.
The role of carotid revascularization is to prevent stroke in patients with severe carotid stenosis as highlighted by
previous large randomized trials. Although an effect of carotid revascularization on cognition could be missed as a
consequence of underpowered studies included in this review, at this time, no prediction can be done regarding its
repercussions on higher intellectual functions. Larger studies appropriately designed and powered to assess cognition
after carotid revascularization might change this view
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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