1,721,132 research outputs found
Transdermal scopolamine cycloplegia in juvenile diabetes
No full textWe report a case of transdermal scopolamine-induced cycloplegia in a 15-year-old diabetic girl. Transdermal scopolamine disks are widely used and neurologists should be ready to discern their possible side-effect
Physiological Changes in the Autonomic Nervous System During Sleep
No full textA behavioral state can be defined as the set of values that
describe the level of activity of the physiological variables at
a given point in time. Accordingly, each behavioral
state is characterized by a specific pattern of autonomic nervous
system (ANS) activity. The ANS, working together
with the somatomotor and the neuroendocrine system, allows
the body to maintain its internal homeostasis, as well as to
optimize the interaction between the organism and the external
environment. Since wakefulness and sleep are behaviors
characterized by different levels of activity and interaction
with the external environment, it is unsurprising that a consistent
remodulation of ANS activity occurs during the transition
from wakefulness to sleep. Furthermore, sleep
itself is a state showing an intrinsic heterogeneity. In fact, in
non-rapid eye-movement sleep (NREMS), as well as during
quiet wakefulness, physiological adjustments work effectively
to maintain stable internal conditions (i.e., maintenance
of body homeostasis); in contrast, during rapid
eye-movement sleep (REMS) the regulatory control of physiological
variables follows an apparently “non-homeostatic”
modality that has been defined as “poikilostatic”. The
ANS regulates the majority of the body’s internal processes
(e.g., blood pressure, cardiac activity, breathing, and body
temperature) via afferent visceral and efferent sympathetic
and parasympathetic pathways. Given the functional
dichotomy in terms of control theory between NREMS and
REMS, the ANS activity changes dramatically even
across sleep stages
Fatal familial insomnia: a chronobiological model of secondary hypertension
No full textsistematizzazione di una nuova malattia da prione che impedisce progressivamente la produzione di attività ipnic
A new method to quantify catecholamine stores visualized by means of the Falck-Hillarp technique.
No full textA new method has been developed by which it is possible to quantitate specific catecholamine fluorescence in the CNS. The method is based on an elaboration by means of Kodalith plates of microphotographs taken from suitable Falck-Hillarp preparations. This method has been applied to study DA fluorescence decay in the caudatus after tyrosine hydroxylase inhibition. The method is reliable since the half-life obtained for DA turnover in the caudatus is very close to similar values obtained by means of both microfluorimetry and mass fragmentography
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Interpreting Heart Rate Variability in Sleep: Why, When, and How?
No full textSleep and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) are biologically and clinically associated. Neuronal pathways located in the brain stem and basal forebrain responsible for the wake–sleep transition are connected with areas of the central nervous system regulating ANS activity. Indeed, at the forebrain diencephalic level, sleep itself may be considered to be one of the most highly integrated autonomic functions in which behavioral and homeostatic integration occurs. In turn, this integration is bidirectionally interconnected with the other hierarchical levels.
Thus, the peripheral autonomic motor activity (traditionally separated into sympathetic and parasympathetic components) cannot be considered truly autonomous, but rather an element of somatic and visceral motor regulation which occurs in various behaviors.
Attention to the powerful capacity of the continuous inflow of animal spirits into the heart may help clarify the difference between wakefulness and death and how the system may be driven to change from its natural constitution.
In this chapter, we will briefly summarize some of the physiopathological background that might help address the questions that are suggested by the vast amount of information continuously produced on the link between sleep and autonomic (dys)regulation. We do not delve so much, however, into the continuously evolving technical aspects (how and when) but wish to help interested readers to address the critical question that hovers at the heart of all experimental work and regards the choice of the appropriate technique of investigation: why should we use heart rate variability (HRV)
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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