1,721,105 research outputs found
“Esposizione ambientale ed occupazionale a piombo inorganico: studio degli effetti tossici conseguenti alle dosi correnti e delle relative misure preventive”
No full textin Atti del Convegno Nazionale Esposizione ambientale ed occupazionale a piombo inorganico: studio degli effetti tossici conseguenti alle dosi correnti e delle relative misure preventive, a cura di P. Apostoli, G. Neri, L. Alessio, Brescia, 28-29 giugno 200
I prodotti fitosanitari
No full textI pesticidi o antiparassitari sono sostanze caratterizzate da attività biologica, immesse volontariamente nell’ambiente per controllare forme di vita indesiderate, il cui impiego può comportare rischi per la salute umana e per l’ecosistema. Per l’uomo, è potenzialmente presente e quindi da valutare il rischio di effetti acuti, cronici e a lungo termine, compresi possibili effetti neoplastici o a carico della riproduzione o della progenie. Nonostante la loro potenzialità tossica, tuttavia, gli antiparassitari devono essere utilizzati in agricoltura e salute pubblica per la protezione delle colture, dei prodotti agricoli e in generale per il controllo degli insetti nocivi e di altri parassiti quali, ad esempio, i roditori. Per questo, la decisone circa l’impiego deve essere basata su una attenta valutazione del rapporto costi benefici. Tale valutazione è possibile solo a patto che venga effettuata ed aggiornata una valutazione del rischio, che può essere realizzata in due momenti fondamentali: 1) prima dell’immissione di un prodotto sul mercato (fase di pre-marketing); 2) dopo l’introduzione nel mercato del prodotto (fase di post marketing). Gli strumenti fondamentali per la valutazione del rischio in fase di pre-marketing sono rappresentati dal profilo tossicologico dei diversi prodotti e dall’identificazione di scenari d’uso, che permettono di predire i livelli di esposizione e di rischio in scenari d’impiego definiti. In fase di post marketing, gli strumenti principali per l’aggiornamento della valutazione del rischio sono rappresentati dai risultati della sorveglianza sanitaria dei lavoratori, che fornisce importanti informazioni epidemiologiche, e dalle segnalazioni di eventuali casi di intossicazione acuta o di effetti sull’ambiente non previsti e non considerati in fase di pre marketing. Tra gli interventi di prevenzione che possono essere realizzati, si segnalano lo sviluppo e l’introduzione nel mercato di sostanze meno tossiche, e caratterizzate da breve persistenza ambientale, l’impiego di macchinari moderni e ben manutenuti per l’applicazione, e la disponibilità di mezzi individuali di protezione efficienti e adeguati. Un ruolo fondamentale nella prevenzione umana e ambientale è rappresentato dalle attività di monitoraggio dell’esposizione sul campo, oltre che di formazione e informazione dei lavoratori, che devono essere sempre e continuativamente realizzate a favore dei lavoratori esposti, anche occasionalmente, a questi prodotti. In questi ambiti, un ruolo molto importante può essere svolto dal tecnico della prevenzione
Influence of genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1 and GSTM1 on the urinary levels of 1-hydroxypyrene
No full textVibrazioni prodotte da avvitatori ad impulso: determinazione dell’esposizione mediante il "SEL"
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Solvent exposure in a shoe upper factory- 1. n-Hexane and acetone concentration in alveolar and environmental air and in blood
No full textAcetone and n-Hexane concentrations were determined in the environmental air of a shoe upper factory and in the alveolar air and venous blood of the workers employed. The ratio between alveolar and environmental n-hexane concentration (Ca/Ci) was found to be steady during the 4.5 hours of exposure studied, and independent of alveolar ventilation and n-hexane environmental concentration. Lung uptake per minute was correlated with environmental concentration. In the case of acetone the Ca/Ci ratio was found to increase with exposure time, but to be independent of alveolar ventilation and environmental acetone concentration. A correlation was still found between lung uptake and environmental acetone concentration. The correlation found between Ca and Ci suggests the hypothesis that occupational exposure can be studied by testing the alveolar air concentration of individual exposed workers in the case of hexane. Since in the case of acetone the Ca/Ci ratio increases with exposure time, it is necessary to know the time of exposure in order to estimate environmental exposure from alveolar acetone concentration. Blood concentration was correlated with environmental and alveolar concentration in the case of hexane, correlated with alveolar concentration in the case of acetone. © 1978 Springer-Verla
Permanent education, updating and accreditation in occupaional medicine : the contribution of the italian Society of occupational medicine and industrial hygiene (SIMLII) in the first decade of the 21st century
No full textBackground. Permanent education of health workers is obligatory under Italian legislation and is managed by the Ministry of Health through its Permanent Education Programme. Methods. In 2000 the Italian Society of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene (SIMLII), set up and implemented a programme of Permanent Education and Accreditation for specialists in occupational medicine, based on participation in "non-mandatory" and "mandatory" educational activities. "Non-mandatory" activities were chosen by the individual physician for education in topics related to occupational medicine. "Mandatory" educational activities, which were organised by the Society, included in-depth analysis of the Society's guidelines related to specific topics in occupational medicine. Results and Discussion. The Guidelines study course played a pre-eminent role in the Society's permanent education programme and was greatly appreciated by all participants. The Board of the Society has recently approved a new Plan of Permanent Education, identifying the means (Guidelines, Consensus Documents) whereby occupational physicians can improve their professional standards. The Plan's aims are to facilitate accreditation and also to identify and promote high-quality updating programmes which will lead to recognition of "professional excellence". Crucial to its success will be a 3-year on-line learning programme (MeLA) that SIMLII has just implemented, which will enable occupational physicians to acquire credits in "Occupational Medicine and Workplace Safety", as required by current Italian legislation. This article summarizes SIMLII activities over the past ten years in the field of permanent medical education for occupational physicians. Continuing medical education; occupational health; guidelines
Acute arsine intoxication as a consequence of metal burnishing operations
No full textThe report concerns a 30-year-old factory worker, employed in a small galvanizing plant for over ten years in the burnishing, copper- and nickel-plating of small metal articles for the shoe industry. Acute arsine poisoning was attributed to the use of a dilute solution of CuSO-4 (3%), HCl (32%), and As-2O-3 (2%) for burnishing metal (Fe-Zn) shoelace eyelet holes, in the absence of local exhaust ventilation and with no respiratory protection. Arsine caused severe intravascular hemolysis with a rapid drop in hematocrit and hemoglobin levels. Other body organs were involved as a result of the hypoxic effect of anemia and hemolysis, or as a direct toxic effect of the arsine itself Our experience confirms that exchange transfusion is capable of rapidly arresting the adverse effects of arsine. The importance of preventive measures and worker information to avoid acute arsine poisoning is emphasized
Biomonitoring of industrial solvent exposures in workers' alveolar air
No full textTen different solvents, viz., toluene, styrene, methylethyl ketone, acetone, dimethylformamide, cyclohexane, n-hexane, methylcyclopentane, 2-methylpentane, and 3-methylpentane were determined in environmental air and in the alveolar air of workers during the work shift. As regards all ten solvents studied, alveolar concentration (Ca) and the difference between environmental concentration (Ci) and alveolar concentration (Ci-Ca), were correlated with environmental concentration. According to the slopes of the regression lines, the ratio between alveolar and environmental concentration (Ca/Ci) and the alveolar retention ((Ci-Ca)/Ci) in the case of all ten solvents studied were complementary, i.e., their sum was equal to unity. The solvents with high solubility in blood, i.e., toluene, styrene, methylethyl ketone, acetone, and dimethylformamide showed a Ca/Ci ratio lower than 0.5 and the solvents with low solubility, i.e., cyclohexane, hexane, and their isomers showed a Ca/Ci ratio higher than 0.5. According to the findings which prove that the alveolar concentration of all solvents studied during the work shift is a function of variations in the environmental concentrations it seems reasonable to suggest the use of alveolar tests for monitoring environmental exposure to solvents during the work shift
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