29 research outputs found
A unique case of bifid left testicular artery having its anomalous high origin from renal artery
No full textThe testicular arteries are known to originate from the ventrolateral aspect of the abdominal aorta and descend obliquely to the pelvic cavity and supply the testis. An anatomical description of an uncommon variation of the left testicular artery is presented in this case report, highlighting its clinical implications. During routine dissection of a male cadaver, we found that the left testicular artery was bifid and it was arising from the left renal artery. After its origin, it then coursed behind the left renal vein, passed between the left testicular vein and left ureter and at the lower pole of the left kidney, this bifid testicular artery joined to form a single testicular artery which thereafter presented a normal course. Anatomy of the testicular artery has been studied in detail because of its importance in testicular physiology, as well as its significance in testicular and renal surgery. This vascular variation shows a major significance in renal surgery, partial or total nephrectomy, and renal transplant. In addition, this anatomical variation enhances the importance of arteriography or the Doppler ultrasound examination of the renal hilum before surgeries
Variant branching pattern of dorsalis pedis artery accompanied with anomalous presence of extensor hallucis brevis muscle – A case report
No full textSafety Assessment of Human Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Transplantation in Wistar Rats
No full textAnomalous origin of dorsalis pedis artery and its clinical significance
No full textArterial variations of the lower limb have been reported in the past. However, we report in here a very unusual variation. During routine dissections, an anomalous origin of the dorsalis pedis artery (DPA) was noted on the right foot of an adult male cadaver. In here, the arteries of the crural region arose from the popliteal artery, as usual. However, the anterior tibial artery (ATA) was very slender. The peroneal artery (PA) was larger than usual and reached the anterior compartment of the leg by piercing the interosseous membrane at its lower part. In the foot, the ATA joined with the PA to form the DPA. Knowledge of such type of variations in the anatomy of DPA is important for angiographers, vascular surgeons and reconstructive surgeons who operate upon these regions
Evaluation of central neuroprotective effects of anti-snake venom, methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata and andrographolide in envenomation with Naja naja
No full textBackground: Currently a partially purified polyvalent Anti-snake Venom (ASV) is the definitive treatment available against the venoms of snakes of India which is accompanied by allergic and anaphylactic reactions, especially at higher doses. No studies have reported the effectiveness of the Indian ASV on central nervous system dysfunction in envenomation with Naja naja. Aim and Objectives: This study investigated the effectiveness of the multipronged strategy of supplementation of ASV with Methanolic Extract of Andrographis paniculata (MAP), and Andrographolide (AP), to ameliorate deleterious changes in brain dopamine and histology in Naja naja envenomed rats. Material and Methods: Seventy female Wistar rats were divided into Group 1 (normal control), Group 2 (venom control), and Groups 3 to 7 were treated with ASV/MAP/AP/50% reduced ASV+MAP, or 50% reduced ASV+AP, respectively. For Groups 4 to 7, treatment with MAP/AP was continued for 14 days, after which animals were sacrificed. The brains were processed for biochemical and histopathological studies. Results: Of the envenomed rats, 60% survived. Their behaviour and physiological functions were drastically altered with blockade of sensory and motor pathways. Dopamine levels were significantly (p = 0.001) reduced with multifocal histopathological changes
observed in all layers of the cerebral and cerebellar cortex. Rats treated with ASV showed persistent aggressive behaviour, decreased alertness, and slow reflexes. Dopamine levels were significantly (p = 0.001) improved. MAP/AP treatment reduced aggressiveness, fear response, and improved reflexes. Dopamine levels were 10-40% higher than the ASV-treated group (p > 0.05), along with the normal appearance of cells in the cerebrum and cerebellum. In animals treated with 50% reduced ASV+MAP/AP behavioural patterns, dopamine levels (p = 0.001) and brain cellular architecture were normalized. Conclusion: This study unequivocally demonstrated the central neuroprotective effect and the superiority of the multipronged strategy of addressing Naja naja envenomation and pave the way for more effective strategies to combat neurodegenerative diseases
Asia–Pacific association for study of liver guidelines on management of ascites in liver disease
No full textThe development of ascites is a landmark event in the natural history of cirrhosis
Incidental Case of Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Posterior Thoracic Wall: A Cadaveric Finding
No full textOccurrence of secondary tumors from visceral carcinomas on the thoracic cage represent a relatively rare form of metastasis. We present in this report an extremely rare case of an incidental finding of tumor mass (squamous cell carcinoma) in the thoracic wall of an adult male cadaver. During routine dissection of thoracic cavity, we noticed this unique tumor in the posterior thoracic wall. Its gross measurements were noted and a small piece of the tumor mass was processed for histopathological examination, to confirm its nature. The H&E stained section showed presence of infiltrating tumor composed of islands of squamous cells with pleomorphic nuclei, course chromatin, scattered dyskeratotic cells and foci of keratin pearl formation, which confirmed the tumor to be secondary metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. Such metastatic tumors with very rare occurrence are an interesting diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for thoracic surgeons
Histo-morphometric Analysis of an Idiopathic 'Kink' in the Transverse Colon
No full textPresence of kinked transverse colon is not a very
common phenomenon. Its presence may not cause
physiological disturbance. However, at times when it
requires endoscopy, the abrupt looped course of the
transverse colon might set a risk of entrapment of the
device, which in turn might lead to severe
complications and undue discomfort to the patient. An
idiopathic kink in the transverse colon of an adult male
cadaver was noted and its morphometric and
histopathological analysis was performed. The exact
location and gross morphometric measurements of the
kinks in the transverse colon was recorded. Small
pieces of the colon at the regions of kinks were
removed, processed, and stained with Haemetoxylin
and Eosin, Alcian Blue- Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS)
stain and Masson Trichrome stain for histopathological
examination. Transverse colon presented with an
abrupt loop towards its splenic end by the presence of
proximal and distal kinks. Histopathological features
of the mucosa at the areas of kink showed foci of
surface erosions composed of parallelly placed tubular
glands lined by columnar cells, interspersed by goblet
cells. Submucosa was oedematous with few congested
vessels. Presence of such unusual kink and the loop
together may be the cause for forceful forward push of
the device introduced into it during colonoscopy and
might result in the damage of its mucosa
A comparative study on digit ratio and hand patterns of three ethnic races of Malaysia
No full textAbstract Background To distinguish the characteristic hand pattern of each of the three different ethnicities in Malaysia and to study the hand pattern correlation between race and gender. Method Individual lengths of the fingers were then measured and tabulated to serve as the basis for analyzing the 2D (second digit):4D (fourth digit) hand ratio. Based on this ration, the hand patterns were classified as A, B, and C types. Results Hand pattern A (2D4D) shows dominance in their right hands with a score of 46% while hand pattern A dominates their left hands. Among the males, all three races show dominance in hand pattern A except in Chinese whereby the C hand pattern was dominant in their right hands (44%). Among the females, the most common trait in Malays and Chinese are the hand pattern A in both their hands. Indian females, however, showed dominance in hand pattern C in their right hands (60%), and hand pattern B (2D = 4D) dominated in their left hands (44%). Results of the statistical analysis revealed that there was a highly significant difference in the hand patterns of both the hands when compared to gender. Conclusion The study suggests that ratio below or equal to 0.90 is suggestive of female sex for both hands, while a ratio of more than 0.91 is suggestive of male sex for both hands. The pattern A (2D<4D) is seen to be the most common trait among the three ethnicities of Malaysia with an exception seen in the right hands of Indians
