206 research outputs found
Semiotics, signaling games and meaning
No full textUdostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu „Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia”. Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00
Short- and long-term social interactions from the game theoretical perspective: A cognitive approach
No full textUdostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu „Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia”. Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00
Preserved musical works of Father Stanisław Żukowski (1881–1935).
No full textW niniejszym artykule autor podejmuje próbę przedstawienia i omówienia dziewięciu zachowanych utworów religijnych ks. Stanisława Żukowskiego (1881–1935). Kapłan ten, urodzony w polskiej rodzinie i wychowany w domu o silnych tradycjach patriotycznych, po przyjęciu święceń kapłańskich i odbytych studiach specjalistycznych, pracował naukowo na Uniwersytecie Jana Kazimierza we Lwowie. Zachowane kompozycje muzyczne stają się niezwykłym świadectwem jego talentu i muzycznej wyobraźni.In this article, the author attempts to present and discuss nine preserved religious compositions by Father Stanisław Żukowski (1881–1935). This priest, born into a Polish family and raised in a home with strong patriotic traditions, after receiving priestly ordination and completing specialist studies, worked as a researcher at the Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv. The preserved musical compositions become an extraordinary testimony to his talent and musical imagination
„O, Polsko, idź w imię Boga” [‘Oh, Poland, go in the Name of God’]. Three Songs of Otton Mieczysław Żukowski as an Expression of Love Towards the Home Country
No full textW niniejszym artykule autor omawia trzy pieśni o tematyce patriotycznej, do których muzykę skomponował Otton Mieczysław Żukowski (1867– 1942). Są to następujące utwory: Marsz Sokołów polskich na Bukowinie do słów Klemensa Kołakowskiego (1856–1908) oraz dwie pieśni do słów ks. Józefa Janiszewskiego (1880–1940): Naprzód, Narodzie! i Pieśń o orle białym. Omawiane utwory, zarówno w swej warstwie semantycznej, jak i muzycznej (napisane w formie marsza) stają się – z jednej strony – świadectwem świadomej postawy ich twórców wobec ojczyzny, z drugiej zaś – są wezwaniem dla Polaków wszystkich pokoleń do nieustającej troski o niepodległą Rzeczpospolitą.In this article the author discusses three songs concerned with patriotic matters, to which music was composed by Otton Mieczysław Żukowski (1867– 1942). They include the following songs: Marsz Sokołów polskich na Bukowinie [The March of the Polish Falcons on Bukowina] to the lyrics of Klemens Kołakowski (1856–1908) and two songs to lyrics both written by Fr. Józef Janiszewski (1880–1940): Naprzód, Narodzie! [Forward, Nation! ] and Pieśń o orle białym [Song of the White Eagle].
The discussed songs, on their semantic as well as musical level (written in the form of a march), are on the one hand a testimony to the conscious attitude of the authors towards their homeland, while on the other they are a call to Poles of all generations to a constant concern for independent Poland
Two Preserved Masses of Fr. Jan Żukowski (1870–1911) in the Context of Selected Musical and Semantic Issues
No full textNiniejszy artykuł jest pierwszą próbą opisania fragmentu twórczości muzycznej wciąż pozostającego w cieniu zapomnienia polskiego kompozytora ks. Jana Żukowskiego (1870–1911). Po przyjęciu święceń kapłańskich ks. Jan pracował w duszpasterstwie, w kurii biskupiej oraz wykładał na Uniwersytecie Lwowskim. Jednocześnie był kompozytorem. Zachowała się po nim niewielka spuścizna muzyczna, którą tworzą dwie msze oraz cztery pieśni religijne. W niniejszym artykule autor opisuje msze. Jedna z nich powstała do liturgicznego tekstu łacińskiego, zaś druga do tekstu w języku polskim, której autorem jest również ks. Jan.
Te niewielkie w swych rozmiarach kompozycje są świadectwem niezwykłego talentu muzycznego ks. Jana oraz wyniesionego z domu rodzinnego patriotyzmu, aby w trudnych czasach zaboru austriackiego i wszechobecnej germanizacji tworzyć pieśni religijne w języku polskim i w ten sposób umacniać wśród innych poczucie tożsamości narodowej.This article is the first attempt to describe a fragment of the musical work that remains in the shadow of the oblivion of the Polish composer, Fr. Jan Żukowski (1870–1911). After he was ordained priest, Fr. Jan worked in the pastoral ministry, in the bishop’s curia and lectured at the University of Lviv. At the same time, he was a composer. A small musical legacy has been preserved, consisting of two masses and four religious songs. In this article, the author describes the masses. One of them was created for the liturgical Latin text, and the other for the text in Polish, the author of which is also Fr. Jan.
These compositions, small in size, testify to the extraordinary musical talent of Fr. John and patriotism brought from the family home, in order to create religious songs in Polish in the difficult times of the Austrian partition and the ubiquitous Germanization, and thus strengthen the sense of national identity among others
Tekst literacki w procesie nauczania języka obcego
No full textThe text constitutes an attempt to show one of the possibilities a literary text gives (here Swietłana
by W. Żukowski) when used during the practical language classes. According to the author, such a text
may be a starting point for introducing the lexis connected with the folk calendar which out of necessity
requires to be placed in the reality of a given nation
A different way to verify the violation of the WWŻB inequality
No full textThe solution to Bell theorem for N-qubits was widely studied in [M. Żukowski, Č. Brukner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 210401 (2002)]. Here we present a different way to obtain the solution of that theorem for the dichotomic experiment. In order to obtain a solution for the Werner-Wolf-Żukowski-Brukner WWŻB inequality a new correlation function is proposed. This new correlation function expresses directly the constraints imposed by local theories. We use the general Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state, whereof, as it is well known, emerges a family of entangled states that do not violate the WWŻB inequality [M. Żukowski, Č. Brukner, W. Laskowski, M. Wieśniak, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 210402 (2002)], i.e. it can be described by a local realistic theory, to illustrate our results
The Financial and Ideological Significance of Membership Dues in Communist Parties (the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Polish United Workers’ Party)
No full textThe article concentrates on explaining the ideological and financial significance of members’ dues for the functioning of communist parties. In order to illustrate this question the author chose the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) and the Polish United Workers’ Party (PUWP); reference is also made to several other communist parties ruling after 1945. The text analysed Communist Party statutes, budget balance sheets, and preliminaries. In doing so, the author proved that statutory decisions about the obligatory co–financing of Party activity are one of the oldest and go back to the early twentieth century. Communist parties prevailing in post–war Europe modelled their statutes on the „Soviet matrix” albeit also introducing own modifications. Regardless of assorted „technical” differences, membership dues played (at least theoretically) an extremely prominent ideological role in the life of both titular parties and their particular members. Great importance was attached to dues conceived as an element merging an individual person and his political group. Nevertheless, the author argued, in time the ideological rank of this factor vanished.
Naturally, dues also possessed a mundane dimension: they financed a given party although, for all practical reasons, they never fully fulfilled their fundamental role. The basic source of financing communist parties involved funds obtained by means of different channels (state budgets, state enterprises, publications, trade), all outside social control. The principles of the communist parties’ financial economy remained a mystery also for the decisive majority of their members, including the so–called party apparatus. The manner of paying dues proved to be an excellent yardstick for assessing the inner stability of the parties and their „enrootment” in society.
The author demonstrated that the CPSU and the PUWP were incapable of successfully tackling assorted problems (whose intensity varied in particular periods) such as an efficient collection of dues and their transference to higher organs, credible records, and the retention of a high percentage of regularly paying members (in particular during political crises). At the same time, attempts were made to apply assorted extra–legal methods for controlling members and candidates upon the basis of so–called Party activists.
Just as important is the fact that in the case of foreign dues currency regulations were violated while bookkeeping makes it impossible to show which investments were financed by dues, and to what extent. This feature was of great significance in particular upon the threshold of the 1990s when Europe became the scene of powerful political transformations and CPSU and PUWP politicians tried to salvage the greatest possible control packet for the sake of new „embodiments” of the old parties
Certain aspects of the Polish United Workers' Party (PUWP) in the period 1948-1990 (members, social composition, membership fees in foreign currency and staff.
No full textThe article describes the selected issues relating to the functioning of the PUWP. The author focuses on the issue of the number of members, the social composition, and nomenklatura. The analysis enables to establish that the PUWP was the massive, highly centralized party. Although the PUWP appealed to workers and peasants, they represented a minority in the party. It was a shy and fixed problem of party of power. This allows to show that PUWP party was entangling Poland with network of connections and analyse the founds of the party
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