169,927 research outputs found
A Geometric Morphometric Approach to the Quantification of Population Variation in Sub-Saharan African Crania
No full textWe report here on new data examining cranial variation in 18 modern human sub-Saharan African populations. Previously, we investigated variation within southern Africa; we now extend our analyses to include a series of Central, East, and West African crania, to further knowledge of the relationships between, and variation and regional morphological patterning in, those populations. The sample comprises 377 male individuals; the three-dimensional coordinates of 96 landmarks are analyzed using Procrustes-based methods. Interpopulation variation is examined by calculating shape distances between groups, which are compared using resampling statistics and parametric tests. Phenotypic variance, as a proxy for genetic variance, is measured and compared across populations. Principal components and cluster analyses are employed to explore relationships between the populations. Shape differences are visualized using three-dimensional rendered models. Observed disparity patterns imply a mix of differences and similarities across populations, with no apparent support for genetic bottlenecks, which is likely a consequence of migrations that may have influenced differences in cranial form; supporting data are found in recent molecular studies. The Pygmy sample had the most distinctive cranial morphology; characteristically small in size with marked prognathism. These features characterized, although less strongly, the neighboring Bateke, and are possibly related to similar selective pressures in conjunction with interbreeding. Small cranial size is also involved in the considerable distinctiveness of the San and Khoikhoi. The statistical procedures applied in this study afford a powerful and robust means of quantifying and visualizing the magnitude and pattern of cranial variation between sub-Saharan African populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 22:23-35, 2010. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc
Birds-eye view of Oxnard from the park at night, 1907
No full textPhotograph of a birds-eye view of Oxnard from the park at night, 1907. In the foreground is the park with it's many paths coming together at the center where a circular path allows access to alternate paths. Trees neatly decorate the park. Beyond the park is Oxnard. A majority of the buildings are about two stories tall
Invitation to Town Hall Meeting: Green Jobs, Climate and the Economy
No full textInvitation to Oxnard's town hall meeting regarding green jobs, climate change and the economy. Hosted by, Ventura County Air Pollution Control District, Chair John C. Zaragoza
Penny Postcard Image of Sugar Beet Factory, Oxnard, CA c. 1899
No full textThis penny postcard depicts the Sugar Beet Factory built in 1899 by the Oxnard Brothers, from whom the city of Oxnard would be named. The factory operated until 1959.Image digitized by Broome Library, California State University Channel Islands. Original 35mm slide housed at E.P. Foster Library, Ventura, California
Exterior view of Oxnard Union High School, Ventura County, ca.1907
No full textPhotograph of the exterior view of Oxnard Union High School, Ventura County, ca.1907. The building, about three-stories tall, features multi-curved parapets, numerous rectangular windows, and a Spanish-tiled roof. Several bikes are parked near the side entrance
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Mandibular morphology as an indicator of human subadult age: geometric morphometric approaches
No full textMethods for skeletal identification have a long history in physical and forensic anthropology. Recent literature demonstrates that new methods are constantly being developed, concurrent with refinements to those already commonly employed. The present study concerns the application of geometric morphometrics to assess the potential of mandibular morphology as a developmental marker for estimating age at death in subadult human skeletal remains. The sample comprises 79 known age and sex subadult individuals of South African Bantu and African American origin; 38 bilateral three-dimensional landmarks were designed and acquired using a portable digitizer. Linear regression was used to predict age using the multivariate descriptors of mandible size and shape based on configurations of three-dimensional landmarks. Our results show that the mandible can be used to predict age in the subadult skeleton with accuracy comparable to standards based on the dentition (standard error rates are between +/- 13 and +/- 3.0 years). These results closely parallel our previous study using the linear measurement of ramus height, but suggest that geometric morphometrics may be slightly more accurate when adolescents are included in the sample
Mitomycin C in highly myopic eyes - Author reply
No full textOphthalmology. 2005 Feb;112(2):208-18; discussion 219.
Mitomycin C modulation of corneal wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy in highly myopic eyes.
Gambato C, Ghirlando A, Moretto E, Busato F, Midena E.
SourceRefractive Surgery Service and Antimetabolite Therapy Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of topical mitomycin C in corneal wound healing (CWH) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in highly myopic eyes.
DESIGN: Prospective, double-masked, randomized clinical trial.
PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-two eyes of 36 patients affected by high (>7 diopters) myopia.
METHODS: In each patient, one eye was randomly assigned to PRK with intraoperative topical 0.02% mitomycin C application, and the fellow eye was treated with a placebo. Postoperatively, mitomycin C-treated eyes received artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months), whereas the fellow eye was treated with fluorometholone sodium 2% and artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, manifest refraction, and biomicroscopy. Contrast sensitivity was determined using the Pelli-Robson chart. Corneal confocal microscopy documented CWH.
RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 18 months (range, 12-36). No side effects or toxic effects were documented. At 12-month follow-up examination, UCVAs (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) were 0.4+/-0.48 and 0.5+/-0.53 (P = .03) in mitomycin C-treated eyes and corticosteroid-treated eyes, respectively. At 1 year, corneal haze developed in 20% of corticosteroid-treated eyes, versus 0% of mitomycin C-treated eyes. At 12, 24, and 36 months, corneal confocal microscopy showed activated keratocytes and extracellular matrix significantly more evident in untreated eyes (Ps = 0.004, 0.024, and 0.046, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Topical intraoperative application of 0.02% mitomycin C can reduce haze formation in highly myopic eyes undergoing PRK.
Comment in
Ophthalmology. 2006 Feb;113(2):357; author reply 357-8
Policies, Guidelines, And Services For The Developmentally Disabled Student At Oxnard College.
No full textA current issue in the California Community Colleges is that of serving the developmentally disabled learner. Developmentally disabled students are an extremely heterogeneous group ranging from individuals who are intellectually gifted but who have severe physical impairments to those who are severely mentally retarded but who are physically perfectly sound. The purposes of this study were: (1) to determine the California Community Colleges\u27 policies on serving the developmentally disabled adult and lo identify the federal and state statutes regulating the community colleges serving the developmentally disabled adult; (2) to determine what programs and related services are offered for the developmentally disabled adult at the California Community Colleges; (3) to identify what criteria are utilized by special education offices for determining a developmentally disabled adult\u27s eligibility for their program(s); and (4) to develop a series of policies, guidelines, educational services, and related services for the developmentally disabled learner at Oxnard College and a plan for implementing and evaluating the program. Two survey questionnaires were developed as part of this study. The mail-in questionnaire was sent to each of the California Community Colleges. Upon receipt of the questionnaire, each institution identified as having an established developmentally disabled program was asked to complete the survey questionnaire as well as respond to a telephone survey. Their educational materials were also requested. Upon completing all telephone interviews and receiving all requested documents from the participating colleges, the data were tabulated and analyzed by utilizing content analysis, measures of central tendency, frequency distribution, and percentage. The findings revealed that: (a) twenty-five percent of the 106 California Community Colleges had established on-campus programs for students with developmental disabilities; (b) mandatory assessment and program placement were provided in over seventy percent of the colleges for this student population; (c) the most widely utilized services by the colleges in their programs for students with developmental disabilities were special classes, counseling, and physical education; (d) the range in student enrollment was noted from thirteen students to over 1,200 students; and (e) sixty-eight percent of the colleges surveyed had conducted forma l evaluations of their programs. It was concluded that: (a) programs for students with developmental disabilities on the California Community College campuses, for the most part, are still nonexistent; (b) not all of the colleges perceive a need to offer services to students with developmental disabilities; (c) developmentally disabled adults were appropriate community college students; (d) special education personnel have not been providing inservice training on a regular basis with any consistency to regular college faculty and staff; and (e) there are few available resources for developing programs for this student population on community college campuses. Recommendations were that: (a) results of the study be shared with appropriate administrators at Oxnard College for program implementation purposes; (b) the study should be used as a justification for the budget expense request for program implementation; ( c) additional funding sources be explored by appropriate Oxnard College administration; and (d) the Oxnard College special education department developmental disabilities specialist should provide an inservice training program for all Oxnard College administrators, faculty, and staff prior to the program\u27s implementation and on an ongoing basis thereafter
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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