148 research outputs found
Epigenomic technologies: an interview with Jorg Tost
No full textInternational audienceJörg Tost received his PhD in genetics from the University of Saarbrücken (Germany) in 2004 for devising novel methods for the analysis of haplotypes and DNA methylation patterns. After a postdoctoral stay in the technology development department of the Centre National de Génotypage (Evry, France), he led the Epigenetics groups from 2006 to 2012, before becoming the Director of Laboratory for Epigenetics and Environment at the Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH). The laboratory is involved in the development and application of technologies to analyze DNA methylation, miRNAs and other epigenetic modifications quantitatively at high resolution at target loci and genome-wide using state-of-the-art sequencing technologies as well as the development of bioinformatic tools for the processing of such data. The laboratory mainly focuses on the analysis of epigenetic changes in neurodegenerative, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases as well as the alteration of the epigenetic profiles in function of environmental exposure. A second research axis investigates novel technologies for the analysis of mutations of clinical relevance present at very low proportions in the analyzed samples and their impact on treatment management. Tost has an H-index of 50 and is the author or co-author of more than 195 publications
217 000-year-old DNA sequences of green sulfur bacteria in Mediterranean sapropels and their implications for the reconstruction of the paleoenvironment
No full textAuthor Posting. © The Authors, 2006. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Society for Applied Microbiology and Blackwell for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Environmental Microbiology 9 (2007): 238–249, doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01134.x.Deep-sea sediments of the eastern Mediterranean harbor a series of dark, organic carbon-rich layers, so-called sapropels. Within these layers, the carotenoid isorenieratene was detected. Since
it is specific for the obligately anaerobic phototrophic green sulfur bacteria, the presence of isorenieratene may suggest that extended water column anoxia occurred in the ancient Mediterranean Sea during periods of sapropel formation. Only three carotenoids (isorenieratene, β-isorenieratene and chlorobactene) are typical for green sulfur bacteria and thus do not permit
to differentiate between the ~80 known phylotypes. In order to reconstruct the paleoecological conditions in more detail, we searched for fossil 16S rRNA gene sequences of green sulfur bacteria employing ancient DNA methodology. 540 bp-long fossil sequences could indeed be amplified from up to 217,000-year-old sapropels. In addition, such sequences were also recovered from carbon-lean intermediate sediment layers deposited during times of an entirely
oxic water column. Unexpectedly, however, all the recovered 16S rRNA gene sequences
grouped with freshwater or brackish, rather than truly marine, types of green sulfur bacteria. It is therefore feasible that the molecular remains of green sulfur bacteria originated from populations
which thrived in adjacent freshwater or estuarine coastal environments rather than from an indigenous pelagic population.This work was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grants Ov 20/3-2 and Ov 20/8-1 to 8-3)
Key for the class photo of the Microbial Diversity course in 1994
No full textOne tiff file and one jpeg image.MICROBIALDIVERSITY_1994-1.jpeg: Key for the class photo of the Microbial Diversity course in 1994. The photo features the traced silhouettes of 35 people. "Microbial Diversity 1994. 1. James Scott, 2. Mary Rothermich, 3. Frederic Ampe, 4. Paula van Schie, 5. Dan Ferber, 6. Holger Jannasch, 7. Ilka Faath, 8. Madaline Vargas, 9. Malema Martinez Canamero, 10. Julie Olson, 11. Mutsumi Yoshida, 12. Mark DeSouza, 13. Debbie Tumbula, 14. Susan Childers, 15. Dinesh Yernool, 16. Ute Muh, 17. Sarah McHatton, 18. Anton Suwanto, 19. Marty Dworkin, 20. Marc van der Maarel, 21. Kathleen Londry, 22. Shiri Venezia, 23. John Breznak, 24. John D'Elia, 25. Yehuda Cohen, 26. Jess Breznak, 27. Paul Dunlap, 28. Dave Estenberg, 29. Joe Calabrese, 30. Rich Behmlander, 31. John Waterbury, 32. Jorg Overmann, 33. Georg Jander, 34. Mike Renner, 35. Mike Cerio".photograph
REJOINDER TO BOETTKE ON COASEAN ECONOMICS AND COMMUNISM
No full textIn the view of Boettke (1998), Coase (1960) casts lights of understanding in a myriad of fields, including, preeminently, property rights theory and the Soviet system of economics. The claim of the present author, in sharp contrast, is that this seminal article of Coase’s is a snare and a delusion. It has led economists down a mistaken path for lo this past half century, and Boettke (1998) is but one more unfortunate example of this.Ronald Coase; Communism; Central Planning; Property Rights
Deposit of microbial strains in public service collections as part of the publication process to underpin good practice in science
No full textDespite recommendations to release microbial resources to the community post-publication, the reality is far from satisfying. A workshop discussed the need for a coordinated and effective deposition policy for 'key' microbial strains and proposes a set of criteria to facilitate their deposition into public service collections. The majority of authors either contacted directly or during submission of manuscripts to several international, mainly European bacteriology journals agreed to this set of 'key strain' criteria and to the voluntarily deposition of resources into public resource centres.The authors thank additional members of the 2011 Braunschweig workshop: Jorg Overmann, Esperanza Garay-Auban, Peter Kampfer, Yohan Lecuona, James I Prosser, Ramon Rosello-Mora, Karl-Heinz Schleifer, and Kornelia Smalla. The workshop was an initiative of the European Consortium of Microbial Resource Centres (EMbaRC), supported by the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7, 2007-2013), Research Infrastructures action, under the grant agreement No. FP7-228310. This communication received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration under grant agreement no 312251. Additionally, thanks go to all those attending the February 2014 MIRRI Heads of Collections meeting who participated in the discussions, including some of those above plus Pedro Crous, Edward Moore, Oleg Stupar, Chantal Bizet, Dominique Clermont, Rosa Aznar, Paul Devos, and Anna Misiewicz
Propulsion System Effects on the Controllability of a Second-Stage Spaceplane
No full textSpaceplanes are the future of space travel and launching objects into space. They are fully reusable, and provide a lot of flexibility to a mission. This thesis focuses on the propulsion system and its impact on the stability and control of a spaceplane. The main research question is: "Which parameters and deficiencies in the propulsion system of a winged second-stage spaceplane effect its controllability at single points during the hypersonic ascent phase?" To analyse propulsion effects, a dedicated propulsion model is developed to simulate the rocket engines of the vehicle. These engines are used for thrust vector control (TVC) of the vehicle. An incremental nonlinear dynamic inversion (INDI) controller is designed to study the controllability of the system. It is demonstrated that this INDI controller can effectively control the vehicle, even when subjected to thrust deficiencies, such as engine-out failures, engines getting stuck, thrust fluctuations and inertia shifts.Aerospace Engineerin
A blueprint to Monitor and Evaluate the impact of sustainability solutions in redevelopment projects of the public space: This research explores the possibilities for a system that monitors and evaluates the impact of sustainability solutions in redevelopment projects of the public space to identify the contribution to the stated sustainability ambitions
No full textMetropolitan Analysis, Design and Engineering (MADE
Multimodal Co-Presence Detection with Varying Spatio-Temporal Granularity
No full textPervasive computing environments are characterized by a plethora of sensing and communication-enabled devices that diffuse themselves among different users. Built-in sensors and telecommunication infrastructure allow co-presence detection. In turn, co-presence detection enables context-aware applications, like those for social networking among close-by users, and for modeling human behavior. We aim to support developers building better context-aware applications by a deepened understanding of which set of context information is appropriate for co-presence detection. We have gathered a multimodal dataset for proximity sensing, including several proximity verification sets, like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and GSM encounters, to be able to associate sensor's data with a spatial granularity. We show that sensor modalities are suitable to recognize the spatial adjacency of users with different spatio-temporal granularity. We find that individual user mobility has only a minor, negligible effect on co-presence detection. In contrast, the heterogeneity of device's sensor hardware has a major negative impact on co-presence detection. To reveal energy pitfalls with respect to usability, we perform an energy analysis pertaining to the usage stemming from different sensors for co-presence detection. Accepted Author ManuscriptInformation and Communication Technolog
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