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Measurement of galaxy internal kinematics in slitless spectroscopy
No full textLa spectroscopie sans fente a longtemps été considérée comme une technique compliquée de part ses effets d’auto- et d’inter-contamination. Toutefois, depuis l’ère des instruments du Télescope Spatial Hubble qui offrent un bruit de fond faible et une bonne résolution spatiale, la spectroscopie sans fente est devenue un outil largement utilisé pour les sondages spatiaux astrophysiques et cosmologiques. Dans ce contexte, nous nous sommes intéresser à l’application de cette technique pour l’étude individuelle d’objets. Dans les sondages actuels, l’analyse de ces spectres s’effectue généralement à partir de méthodes inverses qui ne tiennent pas compte de l’effet d’auto-contamination et mé- langent donc les propriétés morphologiques et spectrales de la galaxie. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont tout d’abord de prendre en compte cet effet de contamination qui dégrade la résolution spec- trale effective en fonction de l’extension spatiale de la source, afin de mesurer plus précisément le redshift et autres propriétés spectrales intégrées. Nous explorons aussi la faisabilité de la mesure de quantitées spatialement résolues telle que la cinématique interne des galaxies. Nous construisons alors un modèle complet qui peut être quantitativement comparé aux observations actuelles dans une approche forward. Ce modèle est par la suite testé sur des données sélectionnées des relevés GLASS et 3D-HST, afin de contraindre en particulier le redshift et les paramètres cinématiques modélisant la courbe de rotation de la galaxie. Notre approche forward permet d’atténuer l’effet d’auto-contamination et donc d’améliorer la précision sur la mesure du redshift. Dans un sous-échantillon de galaxies spirales isolées et résolues, il est alors possible de contrainte assez significativement les paramètres cinématiques. Nous étudions également les systématiques liées aux hypothèses de notre modèle grâce à des simulations avec les données du relevé de spectroscopie à champ intégral MaNGA, qui tendent à montrer que la mesure de ces paramètres reste assez difficile pour la plupart des données récentes de spectroscopie sans fente. Néanmoins, ces simulations indiquent que le modèle forward contraint relativement bien le redshift. Enfin, ces travaux montrent des applications prometteuses pour les futures grands relevés spectroscopiques tel que EuclidSlitless spectroscopy has long been considered as a complicated and confused technique because of its self- and cross-confusion effets. However, since the era of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) instruments which offer a low background and fine spatial resolution, slitless spectroscopy has become an adopted cosmological survey tool to study galaxy evolution from space. Within this context, we investigate its application to single object studies. In recent surveys, the spectra analysis is usually done using backward extraction which mixes spatial and spectral properties and therefore does not take into account self-confusion effect. The goals of this PhD is firstly to include this effect which degrades the effective spectral resolution (which depends on the extent of the source), in order to make the redshift and other integrated spectral features measure- ments more accurate. We also explore the feasibility to measure spatially resolved quantities such as galaxy kinematics. We build a complete forward model to be quantitatively compared to actual slitless observations. The model is tested on selected observations from 3D-HST and GLASS surveys, to estimate redshift and kinematic parameters (modeling the galaxy rotation curve) on several galaxies mea- sured with one or more roll angles. Our forward approach allows to mitigate self-confusion effect, and therefore to increase the precision of redshift measurements. In a sub-sample of well-resolved spiral galaxies from HST surveys, it is possible to significantly constrain galaxy rotation curve pa- rameters. We also study the systematics effects induced by the hypothesis of our model by building slitless simulations with the data of the integral field spectrograph survey MaNGA. These simu- lations suggest that the precise measurement of the kinematics parameters is difficult for most of the current slitless observations. Nethertheless, they point out that this forward model contrains significantly well the redshift. Finally, this work is promising for future large slitless spectroscopic surveys such as Eucli
Mesure de la cinématique interne des galaxies en spectroscopie sans fente
No full textSlitless spectroscopy has long been considered as a complicated and confused technique because of its self- and cross-confusion effets. However, since the era of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) instruments which offer a low background and fine spatial resolution, slitless spectroscopy has become an adopted cosmological survey tool to study galaxy evolution from space. Within this context, we investigate its application to single object studies. In recent surveys, the spectra analysis is usually done using backward extraction which mixes spatial and spectral properties and therefore does not take into account self-confusion effect. The goals of this PhD is firstly to include this effect which degrades the effective spectral resolution (which depends on the extent of the source), in order to make the redshift and other integrated spectral features measure- ments more accurate. We also explore the feasibility to measure spatially resolved quantities such as galaxy kinematics. We build a complete forward model to be quantitatively compared to actual slitless observations. The model is tested on selected observations from 3D-HST and GLASS surveys, to estimate redshift and kinematic parameters (modeling the galaxy rotation curve) on several galaxies mea- sured with one or more roll angles. Our forward approach allows to mitigate self-confusion effect, and therefore to increase the precision of redshift measurements. In a sub-sample of well-resolved spiral galaxies from HST surveys, it is possible to significantly constrain galaxy rotation curve pa- rameters. We also study the systematics effects induced by the hypothesis of our model by building slitless simulations with the data of the integral field spectrograph survey MaNGA. These simu- lations suggest that the precise measurement of the kinematics parameters is difficult for most of the current slitless observations. Nethertheless, they point out that this forward model contrains significantly well the redshift. Finally, this work is promising for future large slitless spectroscopic surveys such as EuclidLa spectroscopie sans fente a longtemps été considérée comme une technique compliquée de part ses effets d’auto- et d’inter-contamination. Toutefois, depuis l’ère des instruments du Télescope Spatial Hubble qui offrent un bruit de fond faible et une bonne résolution spatiale, la spectroscopie sans fente est devenue un outil largement utilisé pour les sondages spatiaux astrophysiques et cosmologiques. Dans ce contexte, nous nous sommes intéresser à l’application de cette technique pour l’étude individuelle d’objets. Dans les sondages actuels, l’analyse de ces spectres s’effectue généralement à partir de méthodes inverses qui ne tiennent pas compte de l’effet d’auto-contamination et mé- langent donc les propriétés morphologiques et spectrales de la galaxie. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont tout d’abord de prendre en compte cet effet de contamination qui dégrade la résolution spec- trale effective en fonction de l’extension spatiale de la source, afin de mesurer plus précisément le redshift et autres propriétés spectrales intégrées. Nous explorons aussi la faisabilité de la mesure de quantitées spatialement résolues telle que la cinématique interne des galaxies. Nous construisons alors un modèle complet qui peut être quantitativement comparé aux observations actuelles dans une approche forward. Ce modèle est par la suite testé sur des données sélectionnées des relevés GLASS et 3D-HST, afin de contraindre en particulier le redshift et les paramètres cinématiques modélisant la courbe de rotation de la galaxie. Notre approche forward permet d’atténuer l’effet d’auto-contamination et donc d’améliorer la précision sur la mesure du redshift. Dans un sous-échantillon de galaxies spirales isolées et résolues, il est alors possible de contrainte assez significativement les paramètres cinématiques. Nous étudions également les systématiques liées aux hypothèses de notre modèle grâce à des simulations avec les données du relevé de spectroscopie à champ intégral MaNGA, qui tendent à montrer que la mesure de ces paramètres reste assez difficile pour la plupart des données récentes de spectroscopie sans fente. Néanmoins, ces simulations indiquent que le modèle forward contraint relativement bien le redshift. Enfin, ces travaux montrent des applications prometteuses pour les futures grands relevés spectroscopiques tel que Eucli
Mesure de la cinématique interne des galaxies en spectroscopie sans fente
No full textSlitless spectroscopy has long been considered as a complicated and confused technique because of its self- and cross-confusion effets. However, since the era of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) instruments which offer a low background and fine spatial resolution, slitless spectroscopy has become an adopted cosmological survey tool to study galaxy evolution from space. Within this context, we investigate its application to single object studies. In recent surveys, the spectra analysis is usually done using backward extraction which mixes spatial and spectral properties and therefore does not take into account self-confusion effect. The goals of this PhD is firstly to include this effect which degrades the effective spectral resolution (which depends on the extent of the source), in order to make the redshift and other integrated spectral features measure- ments more accurate. We also explore the feasibility to measure spatially resolved quantities such as galaxy kinematics. We build a complete forward model to be quantitatively compared to actual slitless observations. The model is tested on selected observations from 3D-HST and GLASS surveys, to estimate redshift and kinematic parameters (modeling the galaxy rotation curve) on several galaxies mea- sured with one or more roll angles. Our forward approach allows to mitigate self-confusion effect, and therefore to increase the precision of redshift measurements. In a sub-sample of well-resolved spiral galaxies from HST surveys, it is possible to significantly constrain galaxy rotation curve pa- rameters. We also study the systematics effects induced by the hypothesis of our model by building slitless simulations with the data of the integral field spectrograph survey MaNGA. These simu- lations suggest that the precise measurement of the kinematics parameters is difficult for most of the current slitless observations. Nethertheless, they point out that this forward model contrains significantly well the redshift. Finally, this work is promising for future large slitless spectroscopic surveys such as EuclidLa spectroscopie sans fente a longtemps été considérée comme une technique compliquée de part ses effets d’auto- et d’inter-contamination. Toutefois, depuis l’ère des instruments du Télescope Spatial Hubble qui offrent un bruit de fond faible et une bonne résolution spatiale, la spectroscopie sans fente est devenue un outil largement utilisé pour les sondages spatiaux astrophysiques et cosmologiques. Dans ce contexte, nous nous sommes intéresser à l’application de cette technique pour l’étude individuelle d’objets. Dans les sondages actuels, l’analyse de ces spectres s’effectue généralement à partir de méthodes inverses qui ne tiennent pas compte de l’effet d’auto-contamination et mé- langent donc les propriétés morphologiques et spectrales de la galaxie. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont tout d’abord de prendre en compte cet effet de contamination qui dégrade la résolution spec- trale effective en fonction de l’extension spatiale de la source, afin de mesurer plus précisément le redshift et autres propriétés spectrales intégrées. Nous explorons aussi la faisabilité de la mesure de quantitées spatialement résolues telle que la cinématique interne des galaxies. Nous construisons alors un modèle complet qui peut être quantitativement comparé aux observations actuelles dans une approche forward. Ce modèle est par la suite testé sur des données sélectionnées des relevés GLASS et 3D-HST, afin de contraindre en particulier le redshift et les paramètres cinématiques modélisant la courbe de rotation de la galaxie. Notre approche forward permet d’atténuer l’effet d’auto-contamination et donc d’améliorer la précision sur la mesure du redshift. Dans un sous-échantillon de galaxies spirales isolées et résolues, il est alors possible de contrainte assez significativement les paramètres cinématiques. Nous étudions également les systématiques liées aux hypothèses de notre modèle grâce à des simulations avec les données du relevé de spectroscopie à champ intégral MaNGA, qui tendent à montrer que la mesure de ces paramètres reste assez difficile pour la plupart des données récentes de spectroscopie sans fente. Néanmoins, ces simulations indiquent que le modèle forward contraint relativement bien le redshift. Enfin, ces travaux montrent des applications prometteuses pour les futures grands relevés spectroscopiques tel que Eucli
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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