6 research outputs found
Utilisations et importance socio-économique des cuirs et peaux en Afrique de l’ouest
No full textEn Afrique de l'Ouest, les cuirs et peaux, sous-produits animaux, représentent une véritable manne économique. Cette synthèse met en lumière l'importance de la filière cuirs et peaux, tant sur le plan socio-économique que culturel. La méthodologie employée a consisté en l'analyse d'articles scientifiques publiés sur le sujet. L’Afrique contribue à hauteur de 8 à 14 % à la production mondiale de cuirs et peaux mais reste marginale dans le commerce international. Cependant, les dépouilles des animaux, au-delà, de leur importance dans les échanges commerciaux, trouvent une multitude d'usages, de la décoration intérieure à l'habillement, en passant même dans l'alimentation humaine dans les sociétés africaines. La production, la collecte, la transformation et l'exportation des cuirs et peaux emploient plusieurs millions de personnes. Bien que souvent menées de manière traditionnelle et informelle, ces activités constituent une source de devises étrangères et un pilier essentiel des moyens d'existence en milieux rural et urbain. Pourtant, ces activités font face à des défis de techniques de production et de collecte archaïques, un manque de formalisation et une pollution environnementale liée aux tanneries. Ces défis entravent le développement de la filière cuirs et peaux.
Mots clés: Afrique de l’ouest, cuirs et peaux, importance économique, utilisation, synthès
CULTIVATION AND INGESTIBILITY OF ANGOLE PEAS (CAJANUS CAJAN) IN SAHEL GOAT IN NIGER
No full textThis study was conducted on the experimental site of the Faculty of Agriculture of Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey. Objective of the work is to study the culture of species Cajanus cajan while determining its applicability to the Sahel goat. Germination test was carried out in petri dishes. Experimental set-up consists of 360 pockets distributed in three blocks each containing four plots of which three plots received urea, three received the NPK, three others received the manure and in the end three were kept as controls. Time between the establishment of grain culture in petri dishes and first appearance of radicle is one day and the staggering of germination is four days. The emergence of seedlings was observed 7 days after sowing in pockets. The seeds have a germination rate of 67.14%. At the first harvest, biomass production is 78.84; 89.42 and 79.87kg / ha respectively for plants treated with urea, NPK 15-15-15 and for plants treated with manure. Production of control plants is 50.45 kg / ha. Species Cajanus cajan has a higher appetence rate (80%) compared to species Leuceuna lecocephala and Gliricidia sepium which have respectively 66.66 and 46.66%
Smallholder farmers practices of crops livestock integration in the district of Aguié (Niger): Agricultural production and livestock feed
No full textCrop production and livestock are main economic activities of most populations in Maradi region. The objective of this work is to study agricultural production and livestock feeding in terms of farming practices of crops livestock integration in 4 villages of Aguié.
The results of surveys randomly conducted on a sample of 78 farmers showed that farmers were categorized into two groups, which are farmers (67%) and agro-pastoralists (33%). However, the multivariate analysis of data highlighted existence of three categories of agro-pastoralist farmers, distinct in terms of their means of existence and levels of integration. It was counted 21% of population who have plows and seeders, while 51% have carts. According to distribution of oxen in farms, a proportion of 51% were small farms have no draft oxen, while 45% of farms have a draft oxen, 3 % of farms have a pair of oxen and 1 % of farms has five (5) draft oxen. Cereal production in Kg is 862 ± 419 for Small Farms (SF); 1008 ± 132.7 for Medium Farms (MF) and 5748 ± 4068 for Big Farms (BF). As for production (Kg) of legumes; SF produce on average 293 ±139.3, MF 452 ± 123.7 and the BF 991 ± 208.5. With regard to sales and self-consumption of cereals and legumes, BF carry out these practices in large quantities. In MF, for a millet production of 4,155.99 ± 613.49 kg, the millet stovers are 2,068.85 ± 305.39 kg. Cowpea production in BF is 359.08 ±135.25 kg for 65.64 ± 24.72 kg of cowpea haulms. The sorghum stovers for BF, MF and SF is respectively 566.2; 276.8 and 125.2 kg with land capital in Ha of 8.1 (BF), 3 (MF) and 1.8 (SF). Despite fodder available which is 2,227.5 kg for 0.58 TLU in the SF; 2,441.1 kg for 1.63 TLU at the MF level and 4,414.5 kg for 3.03 TLU, fodder balance is in deficit in all farms according to fodder requirement (Kg/270 days)
Pratiques et contraintes de l’élevage de la chèvre rousse de Maradi en milieu rural au Niger
No full textAu Niger, l’élevage caprin occupe une place importante dans l’économie des ménages ruraux. Une étude a été conduite dans la région de Maradi afin de caractériser les pratiques de gestion des élevages des chèvres rousses et analyser leurs contraintes. Ainsi, 180 agro-éleveurs répartis dans 12 villages de la région ont été questionnés. Les thèmes abordés au cours des interviews ont porté sur : les caractéristiques du ménage, les objectifs de production, le mode de conduite des animaux, la gestion de l’alimentation, la santé animale ainsi que les contraintes auxquelles les producteurs font face. Les résultats ont révélé que la majorité (72,8%) des propriétaires des caprins sont des femmes. Les caprins sont élevés en priorité comme épargne pour subvenir aux besoins du ménage. Pendant la saison sèche, plus de la moitié (51%) des éleveurs font recours à l’achat du son de blé pour la complémentation des animaux. Diverses sources des compléments minéraux sont utilisées, notamment le sel de cuisine, les pierres à lécher, le natron et le sel de Bilma. La pénurie d’aliments a été identifiée comme la contrainte majeure de l’élevage caprin (57,8%). Elle est suivie par les maladies animales (17,2%) et la stabulation en saison de pluies (7, 8%). L’amélioration de l’élevage de la chèvre rousse passe par la prise en compte de toutes les contraintes de production.
English title: Practices and constraints of Maradi red goat breeding in rural areas in Niger
In Niger, goat farming plays an important role in the economy of rural households. A study was conducted in the Maradi region to characterize the management practices of red goat farms and analyze their constraints. Thus, 180 agro-pastoralists spread out in 12 villages of the region were questioned. The themes addressed during the interviews included: household characteristics, production objectives, animal husbandry, feed management, animal health and the constraints faced by producers. The results revealed that the majority (72,8%) of goat owners were women. The feeding system is based on natural pastures and crop residues. During the dry season, more than half (51%) of the farmers used wheat bran for animal complementation. Various sources of mineral supplements are used, including cooking salt, lickstones, natron and Bilma salt. Food shortage has been identified as the major constraint to goat farming (57.8%), followed by animal diseases (17.2%) and stalling during the rainy season (7.8%). The improvement of the breeding of the red goat requires the taking into account of all the constraints of production
Preference of the main spontaneous forage herbaceous natural pastures in central west Niger
No full textThis study on the feeding behavior of sheep carried out at the animal park of the Faculty of Agronomy of the Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey made it possible to evaluate the preference of six spontaneous forage herbaceous plants in sheep. These are two legumes Alysicarpus ovalifolius and Zornia glochidiata and four grasses including Cenchrus biflorus, Panicum laetum, Pennisetum pedicellatum and Schizachyrium exile. These herbaceous plants were harvested at the stage of maturity in the natural pastures of Boboye (an agricultural area in western Niger). The animal material consists of 10 Fulani Bali-Bali rams aged 12 to 15 months. The study was conducted using the so-called “cafeteria” method. The mean voluntary ingestion was 566.67±147.49 g-1.d-1.animal-1 and varied depending on the herb and the periods. The highest preference index was that of Alysicarpus ovalifolius and the lowest that of Pennisetum pedicellatum. At the end of this study, three spontaneous forage herbaceous plants Alysicarpus ovalifolius, Zornia glochidiata and Schizachyrium exile were classified as the most palatable species and should be retained as coarse feed in sheep fattening rations and in seeding and stock restoration programs degraded natural pastures
Use of Agro-Industrial By-Products in Animal Feed at Modern and Semi-Modern Farms of Urban Community of Niamey (UCN): State Places
No full textThe study was conducted in Urban Community of Niamey at modern and semi-modern farms provided an overview use of agro-industrial by-products in animal feed. Among 57 farms only 17 farms, including 10 beef farms, 2 sheep farms and 5 poultry farms were systematically surveyed. All farm managers are men. 60 and 33% are respectively officials at the level of poultry farms and ruminant farms. Farmers make up 25%, all of which own beef farms. There is also a predominance of adults, 60% at poultry level and 58.33% at ruminant farms. We note the use of a variety of agro-industrial by-products in animal feeds, in this case by-products derived from vegetable processing (wheat bran, exfoliated cotton cake) and animal processing (fish and fish meal ...). There are also some concentrates for poultry feed. Agribusiness by-products are increasingly used in urban livestock production but their valorization needs to be improved
