1,720,975 research outputs found
An inter-subjective multi-factorial model of auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia
No full textAuditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are perceptive-like experiences happening without appropriate stimuli that in individuals with schizophrenia very often feature distressing contents. AVH frequently interfere with social relationships or result in dangerous behaviours. We hypothesize that in schizophrenia several vulnerability factors, especially when a subject is engaged in real or represented interpersonal transactions, lead to the appearance of AVHs, and favour their self-perpetuation over time. We analyse the different psychological factors that, according to empirical studies and clinical experience with persons with schizophrenia, seem involved in the genesis of AVHs. Several vulnerability factors appear to interact with situational ones to trigger AVHs: a) a facilitation of neural transmission from the premotor regions to the perceptual ones; b) a difficulty attuning with others, c) interpersonal schemas, provoking emotional suffering, intrusive thoughts and rumination; d) metacognitive dysfunctions. Once AVHs have appeared, further factors promote their perpetuation over time: a) cognitive factors like ruminative processing on AVHs, b) metacognitive beliefs about AVHs. An integrated theoretical model of AVHs is described and ideas for its empirical testing are suggested
La relazione terapeutica nella terapia metacognitiva interpersonale
No full textLa ricerca empirica mostra un’associazione stretta tra buon funzionamento della relazione terapeutica e buon esito del trattamento. L’attenzione alla relazione terapeutica è uno dei fulcri della terapia metacognitiva interpersonale (TMI). In questo articolo, dopo aver sintetizzato gli aspetti fondamentali del modello, descriveremo come in TMI il lavoro sulla relazione si intrecci con l’utilizzo di tecniche esperienziali quali immaginazione guidata e role playing, finalizzate a promuovere nel paziente la comprensione del suo mondo interno e il cambiamento clinico. Forniremo una serie di esemplificazioni cliniche al fine di descrivere come la relazione sia nel contempo: 1) strumento per favorire l’accesso ai contenuti psicologici rilevanti; 2) strumento per favorire un’esperienza emozionale correttiva; per esempio, in molti casi l’utilizzo di una tecnica esperienziale mette il paziente in condizione di contattare parti di sé libere dalla patologia, e di sperimentare la relazione terapeutica come fonte di speranza e sostegno all’autonomia; 3) oggetto di intervento in caso di rotture della relazione, anche nei casi in cui tali rotture sono la conseguenza dell’utilizzo di tecniche esperienziali.Nel complesso, mostreremo come il processo terapeutico in TMI sia mosso dalla capacità del terapeuta di muoversi agilmente tra l’utilizzo di tecniche volte a esplorazione e cambiamento, e focus sulla relazione
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The process of recovery of sense of self in the face of persecutory delusions and hostility
No full textPeople with psychosis who hold a persecutory delusion (PD) may think that others are focusing their attention on them, with malevolent intentions and plots. Such beliefs may result in significant suffering and social life disruption. The most well-known intervention for PDs is cognitive behavioural therapy, in which the main goals are to reduce stigma, help clients question their delusional attributions and reduce sustaining factors such as repetitive thinking. The merits of these approaches notwithstanding, in many cases clients may end treatment with significant residual symptoms. This has stimulated clinical research towards the development of treatments focused on different variables: a) helping clients understand how delusional perceptions are connected to their sense of self, and b) promoting a richer sense of personal identity as embedded in their unique self-narratives. Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy (MIT) adapted for psychosis is one such therapy. In the last few years MIT has been subject to initial empirical validation with promising results. In this chapter, we describe the stages of treatment for a young man, at the onset of persecutory type of delusional disorder treated with MIT. According to MIT, PDs may be correlated with: 1) an experience of the self as ontologically vulnerable, a sense of being weak and inferior to others; 2) impaired metacognition, namely the ability-characterised by variable levels of complexity, to understand one's and others' mind(s). We will show how MIT helped the client to improve their metacognitive abilities and access healthy parts of themself, in order to consider the persecutory ideas as an expression of his feeling of vulnerability, and to adopt a critical distance from that self-perception and from the perception of others' intentions as malevolent
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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