38 research outputs found
Effect of salicylic acid on carotenoids and chlorophyll content in Mas Cotek (Ficus Deltoidea Jack Var. Trengganuensis) leaves and its Retinol Activity Equivalents (RAE)
Get PDFThis study was conducted to determine the effect of different concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) (control,
0.01, 0.10, 1.00 mM) on carotenoids and chlorophyll content and its retinol activity equivalents (RAE) value in Ficus
deltoidea Jack var. trengganuensis leaves. In this study, 12 seedlings of Ficus deltoidea Jack var. trengganuensis were
sprayed with different concentrations of SA. Carotenoid content was determined using High-Performance Liquid
Chromatography (HPLC) and chlorophyll content was determined using chlorophyll meter. Retinol activity equivalents were calculated using RAE formulation. From the results obtained, two types of carotenoids, lutein and β-carotene, were detected in HPLC. The highest lutein and β-carotene content present in Ficus deltoidea Jack var. trengganuensis leaves extract was found in 0.10 mM SA treatment (93.50b ± 0.71 μg/g DW) for lutein and (282.00b ± 46.67 μg/g DW) for β-carotene, while the lowest lutein compound was found in 1.00 mM SA treatment (30.25a ± 1.77 μg/g DW) while the least β-carotenoid content was found in (1.00 mM SA) treatment (63.00a ± 0.71 μg/g DW). The same goes for retinol activity equivalents, the highest retinol activity equivalents was recorded in 0.10 mM SA treatment while lowest in 1.00 mM SA treatment. For chlorophyll content, the highest reading was showed in 0.10 mM SA treatment (73.50b ± 0.71 μg/g DW) while the lowest reading was in 1.00mM SA treatment (42.10a ± 1.41 μg/g DW). From this study, it can be concluded that salicylic acid at a certain concentration could increase or improve the carotenoid or chlorophyll content. Thus, it could be an alternative source of carotenoid and chlorophyll for the food and pharmaceutical industry in the future
Network forensics: detection and mitigation of botnet malicious code via darknet
Get PDFComputer malwares are major threats that always find a way to penetrate the network, posing threats to the confidentiality, integrity and the availability of data. Network-borne malwares penetrate networks by exploiting vulnerabilities in networks and systems. IT administrators in campus wide network continue to look for security control solutions to reduce exposure and magnitude of potential threats. However, with multi-user computers and distributed systems, the campus wide network often becomes a breeding ground for botnets
Marketing for beginners: step - by - step guide
Get PDFThe university has launched a "Marketing for Beginners: Step by Step Guide" module for Gen Z students at Malaysian Institutions of Higher Learning. The module provides comprehensive information on marketing concepts, theories, and processes, with in-class activities, examples, case studies, and exercises. It combines theory and practice, emphasizing practical execution of marketing techniques and the 4Ps framework
Callus Induction from leaf explants of Mas Cotek (Ficus Deltoidea var. bilobata) treated with 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 4-Amino-3, 5, 6-Trichloropicolinic acid (Picloram)
No full textThe objective of this study was to observe the effect of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 4-Amino-3, 5, 6-trichloro picolinic acid (Picloram) on callus induction of Mas Cotek (Ficus deltoidea var bilobata) explant. Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient media supplemented with 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro picolinic acid (Picloram) each at different concentrations of 0 mg/l, 0.5 mg/l , 1.5 mg/l and 3.0 mg/l, respectively. The control and other six treatments gave negative responses to the MS media supplemented with various concentrations of BAP and Picloram. Most of the callus began to form at day 16 up to day 30 with treatment. Hard and yellowish callus with moderate growth rate was obtained from explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/ l BAP and 1.5 mg/l Picloram, wherein the callus formation was recorded at 47 %. Hard and greenish callus was obtained from medium treated with 0.5 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l Picloram after 30 days of treatment with callus formation of 26.67 %. Medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l of BAP hormone and 1.5 mg/l of Picloram hormone displayed the best growth rate of callus and was the most suitable medium for callus induction
Carotenoid Content and Retinol Activity Equivalents (RAE) of Seven Varieties of Mas Cotek (Ficus deltoidea) Leaf Extracts
No full textFicus deltoidea, also known as mistletoe fig or Mas cotek in Malay is believed to have health benefits due to the presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and carotenoids. However, there are limited studies that show evidence of carotenoid compounds in Ficus deltoidea leaf extracts, especially in Malaysia. The aim of this study is to determine the carotenoid content of seven varieties of Ficus deltoidea leaf extracts and its retinol activity equivalent (RAE). Carotenoid content was identified by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and its RAE was determined by using a formula where 12μg of β-carotene is equivalent to 1 RAE. The carotenoids detected in seven varieties of Ficus deltoidea were lutein and β-carotene. The highest carotenoid content detected in Ficus deltoidea leaf extract was β-carotene which ranged from 14.25 ± 8.84 ug/ul (Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea ) to 1612.00 ± 17.68 ug/ul (Ficus deltoidea var. angustifolia), while lutein content ranged from 23.00 ± 0.71 ug/ul (Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea ) to 62.25 ± 0.35 ug/ul (Ficus deltoidea var. bilobata). The RAE found ranged from 171.00 ± 106.07 (var. deltoidea) up to 18726.00 ± 1080.87 (var. angustifolia). The data obtained from this study indicated that Ficus deltoidea leaves of different varieties had significantly different carotenoid contents. Thus, there is potential for Ficus deltoidea to be used as an alternative natural carotenoid source for food and pharmaceutical industries
The Use of Films to Address Communication Apprehension in the English Language Classroom at Universiti Utara Malaysia (S/O 13669)
No full textSilence in the English language classroom is a common problem faced by language instructors, especially for students in the lower proficiency classes and instructors see language anxiety as one of the main reasons this is so. The intervention of educational entertainment or Edutainment in the English Language classroom is important to improve the language learning experience of this generation of millennial students. This paper looks at Films to provide not only language learning enjoyment but useful input to students of the lowest level English course at UUM. In this research, intervention in the form of film viewing and activities related to the films was carried out. A class of twenty students from a first level English class were given six movies of their choice to watch and conduct activities with in addition to the normal course scheme of work. Through film viewing and activities, students were exposed to language use in context which is supported by visual and linguistic support and storyline. Before and after the intervention, The Personal Report of Communication Apprehension (PRCA-24) instrument which measures levels of Communication Apprehension was administered. The results of the study shows that students indicated lower communication apprehension levels overall and within the subcategories of group discussion, meetings, interpersonal communication and public speaking. Students’ reflections were also positive in nature. The findings of this study concur that language acquisition takes place meaningfully through films by providing comprehensible input and that films are an important medium that facilitate communication and language learning for this generation of student
Callus Induction from Leaf Explants of Mas Cotek (Ficus Deltoidea var. bilobata) Treated with 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 4-Amino-3, 5, 6-Trichloropicolinic acid (Picloram)
No full textThe objective of this study was to observe the effect of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 4-Amino-3, 5, 6-trichloropicolinic acid (Picloram) on callus induction of Mas Cotek (Ficus deltoidea var bilobata) explant. Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient media supplemented with 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro picolinic acid (Picloram) each at different concentrations of 0 mg/l, 0.5 mg/l , 1.5 mg/l and 3.0 mg/l, respectively. The control and other six treatments gave negative responses to the MS media supplemented with various concentrations of BAP and Picloram. Most of the callus began to form at day 16 up to day 30 with treatment. Hard and yellowish callus with moderate growth rate was obtained from explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/ l BAP and 1.5 mg/l Picloram, wherein the callus formation was recorded at 47 %. Hard and greenish callus was obtained from medium treated with 0.5 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l Picloram after 30 days of treatment with callus formation of 26.67 %. Medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l of BAP hormone and 1.5 mg/l of Picloram hormone displayed the best growth rate of callus and was the most suitable medium for callus inductio
Carotenoid content and retinol activity equivalents (RAE) of seven varieties of Mas Cotek (Ficus deltoidea) leaf extracts
No full textFicus deltoidea, also known as mistletoe fig or Mas cotek in Malay is believed to have health benefits due to the presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and carotenoids. However, there are limited studies that show evidence of carotenoid compounds in Ficus deltoidea leaf extracts, especially in Malaysia. The aim of this study is to determine the carotenoid content of seven varieties of Ficus deltoidea leaf extracts and its retinol activity equivalent (RAE). Carotenoid content was identified by using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and its RAE was determined by using a formula where 12μg of β-carotene is equivalent to 1 RAE. The carotenoids detected in seven varieties of Ficus deltoidea were lutein and β-carotene. The highest carotenoid content detected in Ficus deltoidea leaf extract was β-carotene which ranged from 14.25 ± 8.84 ug/ul (Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea ) to 1612.00 ± 17.68 ug/ul (Ficus deltoidea var. angustifolia), while lutein content ranged from 23.00 ± 0.71 ug/ul (Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea ) to 62.25 ± 0.35 ug/ul (Ficus deltoidea var. bilobata). The RAE found ranged from 171.00 ± 106.07 (var. deltoidea) up to 18726.00 ± 1080.87 (var. angustifolia). The data obtained from this study indicated that Ficus deltoidea leaves of different varieties had significantly different carotenoid contents. Thus, there is potential for Ficus deltoidea to be used as an alternative natural carotenoid source for food and pharmaceutical industries
The Relationship between Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs) Content Design and Students’ Performance
Get PDFOver the years, there has been tremendous growth in online social networking which contributed to the revolution of higher education’s learning environment. Massive Online Open Courses (MOOC) is now common in online education, which provides open networks of self-directed learning. MOOCs are referred as a continuation trend in innovation that initiated by learning from geographical distance and online. MOOCs is a current evolvement in higher learning institution in Malaysia with the aims to provide quality education for the students. However, there are some challenges in developing effective instructional design courses and retaining learners in MOOCs. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to discover the relationship between MOOC’s content design and students’ performances among UTeM’s engineering students. Through literature review, variables are identified such as courses content design, enhancement in teaching and learning and students’ performance. In this study, 373 samples have been collected and the data analysed using SPSS. The results revealed that there are significant relationships between courses materials, courses activities, and courses tools with students’ performance. It is believed that this research paper will beneficial to higher education to improve MOOC’s content design in order to enhance the students’ performance in the future
