309,812 research outputs found
Traditional ecological knowledge in Europe: status quo and insights for the environmental policy agenda
No full textOver the last two decades, traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) has gained increasing attention as a source of information for environmental science, policy, and management. TEK is defined as a body of knowledge and beliefs about the relations of specific human societies to the local environments in which they live, as well as their local practices for ecosystem use and stewardship. Although TEK is different from scientific knowledge, both bodies of knowledge are believed to be largely complementary, having great potential to enrich one another in informing decision-making processes and improving understanding of ecosystems and their dynamics. TEK can provide insights for the management of species, habitats, ecosystem services, protected areas, and human-shaped landscapes in general. Well-known examples of TEK guiding resource management include the watershed management of salmon rivers by the Amerindians of the Pacific Northwest, biodiversity enhancement through creation of forest islands by the Kayapo of Brazil, and the conservation of ancient human-influenced natural environments, such as the Satoyama landscapes in Japan. Furthermore, it has been argued that implementing TEK may increase the capacity of social-ecological systems to deal with crises, cope with disturbances, maintain long-term resilience, and thus respond to global environmental change, while also fostering biodiversity and human wellbeing in a harmonious way. Theoretical insights and empirical findings addressing the linkages between TEK and global environmental change suggest that despite the worldwide trend of TEK erosion, there is also a process of hybridization, where traditional knowledge, practices, and beliefs are merged with novel forms of knowledge and technologies to create new knowledge systems that seem to increase the resilience of social-ecological systems.This text is a preprint. Please cite as: Hernández-Morcillo M., J. Hoberg, E. Oteros-Rozas, T. Plieninger, E. Gómez-Baggethun & V. Reyes-García (2014). Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Europe: Status Quo and Insights for the Environmental Policy Agenda. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 56:1, 3-17. The original publication is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139157.2014.861673
El medio ambiente de Las Rozas
No full textSe desarrolla una experiencia interdisciplinar sobre educación ambiental con estudiantes de segundo de BUP en el municipio de Las Rozas. Los objetivos son: conseguir una enseñanza interdisciplinaria partiendo de los programas de BUP, conocer la zona en la que viven, ser conscientes de las ventajas e incovenientes de la zona y tratar de que el alumnado encuentre por sí mismo las posibles soluciones para mejorar la calidad de vida. Se realizan varias salidas para la toma de datos con los que se elaboran trabajos que se comparten con los demás estudiantes del centro en una sesión conjunta.Madrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Consejería de Educación y CulturaMadrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Subdirección General de Formación del Profesorado. CRIF Las Acacias; General Ricardos 179 - 28025 Madrid; Tel. + 34915250893ES
Article dataset: 'How stable are visions for protected area management? Stakeholder perspectives before and during a pandemic'
No full textThis dataset includes the raw data of a survey of 38 stakeholders in the region of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park, Spain (2019). The "Dataset" sheet presents respondents' Likert-scale answers (ranging from 1 to 5) of agreement regarding values, perceived changes and perceived drivers of change of the national park landscapes. The complete methodology is described in: Lo, V.B., López-Rodríguez, M.D., Metzger, M., Oteros-Rozas, E., Cebrián-Piqueras, M. A., Ruiz-Mallén, I., March, H., Raymond, C.M. (in press) ‘How stable are visions for protected area management? Stakeholder perspectives before and during a pandemic.’ People and Nature. Accompanying supplementary data (interview script, tiles and canvasses, coding, follow-up survey questions) are available as supplementary information to this article available for open access on the People and Nature website
Assessing linkages between ecosystem services, land-use and well-being in an agroforestry landscape using public participation GIS
No full textWhile a number of studies have applied public participation GIS (PPGIS) approaches to the spatial assessment of ecosystem services, few have considered the associations between the spatial distribution of ecosystem services and the context-specific nature of self-reported well-being. In this study, we engage the general public to identify and map a range of ecosystem services that originate in place-based, local knowledge and explore the context-dependent nature of subjective well-being. We con- ducted a PPGIS survey with 219 local residents in a Spanish agroforestry (dehesa) landscapes and analysed the spatial patterns of mapped ecosystem services, their relation to land cover, protected area and common land patterns. In addition, we explored the landscape values contributing to people’s well-being; and the relationships between ecosystem services in different land covers, landscape values and socio-demographic characteristics. A mosaic of landscape types (i.e., the landscape) provided more ecosystem services (especially cultural and provisioning) to people compared with the individual land system of agroforestry. However, land tenure and public access significantly guided the spatial practices and values of the people beyond the preferred landscape types. The contribution of the landscape to well-being is largely related to values based on interactions among people and the landscape, as tranquillity/relaxation and people-people interactions such as being with family and friends. We discuss the specific contribution of agroforestry landscapes to the provision of ecosystem services and human well- being. We conclude that the integration of the applied methods of social-cultural assessment on the one hand links to ecosystem services frameworks but on the other hand represents a more holistic conceptualisation of people’s benefits from landscapes.This text is a preprint. Please cite as: Fagerholm N., E. Oteros-Rozas, C.M. Raymond, M. Torralba, G. Moreno, T. Plieninger (2016): Assessing linkages between ecosystem services, land-use and well-being in an agroforestry landscape using public participation GIS. Applied Geography 74: 30-46. The original publication is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2016.06.007
The role of cultural ecosystem services in landscape management and planning
No full textAbstract
There is increasing concern that the ecosystem services approach puts emphasis on optimizing a small number of services, which may jeopardize environmental sustainability. One potential solution is to bring cultural ecosystem services more strongly into the foreground. We synthesize recent empirical evidence and assess what consideration of cultural ecosystem services adds to landscape management and planning. In general, cultural ecosystem services incentivize the multifunctionality of landscapes. However, depending on context, cultural ecosystem services can either encourage the maintenance of valuable landscapes or act as barriers to necessary innovation and transformation. Hence, cultural ecosystems services are not uncontested, as seen through the three analytical lenses of landowner behavior, cultural practices of communities, and landscape planning.This text is a preprint. Please cite as: Plieninger T., C. Bieling, N. Fagerholm, A. Byg, T. Hartel, P. Hurley, C. A López-Santiago, N. Nagabhatla, E. Oteros-Rozas, C.M. Raymond, D. van der Horst, L. Huntsinger (2015): The role of cultural ecosystem services in landscape management and planning. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 14: 28-33. The original publication is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2015.02.006
Modificazioni climatiche ed effetti sullo spettro pollinico in atmosfera: il caso di S. Michele all’Adige
No full textLo studio riporta i risultati dell’analisi dei dati relativi ai pollini aerodispersi raccolti dal centro di
monitoraggio aerobiologico di S. Michele all’Adige, Centro Ricerca ed Innovazione della Fondazione E.
Mach. Questa stazione di monitoraggio si presenta come un caso studio ideale per la caratterizzazione
dell’ecosistema alpino grazie alla sua localizzazione geografica, alla consistente serie storica di dati raccolti
(26 anni; 1989-2014), nonché alla stretta vicinanza di una stazione meteorologica.
Obiettivi principali dello studio sono (i) descrivere le modificazioni nel tempo sia in termini di durata della
stagione pollinica che di quantitativi del polline, (ii) analizzare quali variabili climatiche influenzino
maggiormente la pollinazione e (iii) valutare le evoluzioni con possibili implicazioni negative per chi soffre di
allergia ai pollini.
Sono stati analizzati 38 diversi taxa pollinici che corrispondono ad altrettante specie o gruppi di piante
(genere, famiglia).
I risultati mostrano, per tutti i taxa considerati (ad eccezione delle Poaceae), un aumento dei quantitativi
pollinici (aumento significativo nella metà dei casi).
Circa la metà dei taxa considerati mostra un trend di anticipo nell’inizio della stagione pollinica come
conseguenza di un anticipo di fioritura. Questa tendenza si osserva più frequentemente nelle piante
arboree, rispetto alle piante erbacee.
In alcuni taxa l’anticipo di fioritura è accompagnato un complessivo allungamento della stagione pollinica.
Interpretando questi dati alla luce delle ricadute sulle manifestazioni allergiche è quindi importante
sottolineare come sia l’aumento dei quantitativi di polline, sia le modificazioni della tempistica di presenza
del polline in atmosfera, possano ripercuotersi sulla sintomatologia del paziente allergico.
Nella seconda parte dello studio si considera il ruolo dei parametri climatici nella modificazioni osservate
sullo spettro pollinico.
In accordo con studi pregressi la temperatura sembra essere il parametro più importante nell’influenzare
la data di inizio pollinazione. Tale data per le piante arboree che rilasciano il polline nei primi mesi dell’anno
è correlata sia alle temperature medie invernali, sia alla necessaria fase di accumulo di freddo (chilling). Le
piante arboree a fioritura tardiva mostrano invece correlazioni con le temperature del mese di marzo. Le
piante erbacee risentono meno della temperatura per il rilascio del polline.
Anche il vento è un parametro importante da considerare, soprattutto per il ruolo nella dispersione e
trasporto a lunga distanza del polline. Analizzando i dati locali si osserva un trend di aumento della velocità
del vento in tutte le stagioni e ciò può influenzare l’andamento delle concentrazioni rilevate soprattutto per
i pollini non locali. Ad esempio i quantitativi rilevati di polline di olivo sono ben correlati con la velocità del
vento sia primaverile che estiva. Le stesse correlazioni si osservano anche per il polline di Ambrosia.
La pioggia non sembra avere, nella nostra situazione climatica, un effetto sui taxa erbacei, come osservato
in regioni più mediterranee, ove situazioni di stress idrico possono ritardare la stagione pollinica. In sintesi, i parametri climatici analizzati mostrano di avere un effetto sulla tempistica di comparsa del
polline in atmosfera e sui quantitativi di polline rilevato; questi effetti però non sono sempre chiari ed
univoci per tutti i taxa. I parametri climatici agiscono in sinergia con altri fattori che possono contribuire a
modificare lo spettro ed i quantitativi pollinici quali in primo luogo le modificazioni di uso del suolo,
l’inserimento di nuove piante per scopo ornamentale o produttivo, nonché i ritmi endogeni ciclici di alcune
piant
Pollen season variations during the last 26 years: a case study in Trentino, North Italy
No full textAirborne pollen records are strongly correlated with flowering intensity of the
anemophilous species in the trap location site and surroundings. Studies during recent
decades have revealed a trend towards rising airborne pollen counts in Europe and a
clear advance in flowering dates. In the present study* a long data series (1989-2014)
of daily airborne pollen concentration was considered. Data were collected at S. Michele
all’Adige (46°12′N, 11°08′E), Trentino, North Italy, following standardized procedures (UNI
11108:2004). The sampler is located at the bottom of an alpine valley surrounded by high
mountains that make it a perfect experimental lab to study the alpine environment. A total
of 38 taxa representative of the local pollen spectrum were considered and ten
aerobiological parameters were calculated, including, among others, pollen index, pollen
season start date and duration. The aim of the study is to detect if there are significant
trends in airborne pollen amounts and in pollen season start dates.
The results show a statistically significant increasing trend for 35 pollen taxa (Makesens
statistic; p<0.05). Only Poaceae family shows a decreasing (but not significant) trend,
probably due to land use changes in the study area with a consistent reduction of open
green areas for new buildings construction. Sixteen (11 woody species) taxa anticipate
the pollen season start date. The results of this local study are generally in agreement
with other largescale studies. Considering that a larger amount of pollen and a longer
season of allergenic pollen might increase the risk for allergic people, aerobiological
monitoring assumes a great importance as human health protection tool.
*The study was partially founded by Provincia Autonoma di Trento
José Carlos Fernández Rozas, Profesor honorario
No full textLa UPC otorgó la distinción de Profesor Honorario a José Carlos Fernández Rozas, Doctor en Derecho de la Universidad de Oviedo con especialización en Derecho Internacional, Centro de Investigación de la Academia de La Haya. Durante su visita, Fernández Rozas, quien ha publicado ocho libros de su autoría, ofreció el Seminario de Arbitraje Privado e Inversiones en la Escuela de Postgrado de la UPC
José Carlos Fernández Rozas, Profesor honorario
No full textLa UPC otorgó la distinción de Profesor Honorario a José Carlos Fernández Rozas, Doctor en Derecho de la Universidad de Oviedo con especialización en Derecho Internacional, Centro de Investigación de la Academia de La Haya. Durante su visita, Fernández Rozas, quien ha publicado ocho libros de su autoría, ofreció el Seminario de Arbitraje Privado e Inversiones en la Escuela de Postgrado de la UPC
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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