1,720,994 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Voraussetzungen und Variationen der Informationsintegration im menschlichen Gehirn : Verknüpfung von externen und internen Informationen zur Verbesserung der Mensch-Umwelt-Interaktion
Get PDFDie Neurowissenschaften untersuchen Mechanismen, wie das Gehirn externe Umweltreize
oder aber auch interne Signale (Ignacio Rebollo et al., 2018) verarbeitet. Bei den meisten, wenn
nicht allen Ansätzen der neuronalen Informationsverarbeitung impliziert der Begriff der Verarbeitung,
dass die unterschiedlichen Informationen in solcher Weise zu einer Einheit aufeinander
abgestimmt werden (Integration), die es uns Menschen erlaubt optimal zu handeln. Dabei geht
es in erster Linie um eine abstrakte Repräsentation durch die Assoziation unterschiedlicher
Merkmale verschiedener Signale zu einem neuen Signal (Mudrik et al., 2016). Diese Informationsintegration
findet sich auf einer Vielzahl von zeitlichen und räumlichen Skalen einerseits
und kognitiven Ebenen andererseits wieder.
In der vorliegenden Habilitationsschrift werde ich exemplarisch zeigen, auf welchen neurophysiologischen
und kognitiven Ebenen Informationsintegration stattfindet. Die Funktionsweise
des menschlichen Gehirns beruht dabei auf der elektrischen Aktivität von Neuronen. Die
HFA in makroskopischen Messungen wie dem MEG oder ECoG können als lokaler Index funktionaler
selektiver Aktivität angesehen werden. Vor allem die HFA reflektiert die Fähigkeit des
Gehirns zur Selbstorganisation, die es erlaubt Informationen optimal über die Zeit und unterschiedliche
Kortexbereiche weiterzuleiten. Dies kann als Voraussetzung für die Informationsintegration
gesehen werden. Diese Gehirnaktivität ist darüber hinaus essentiell für die Integration
von Informationen, um optimale Entscheidungen zu treffen. Weiterhin wird in der Arbeit dargestellt,
dass auf kortikaler und subkortikaler Ebene Vorhersagefehler generiert werden, die zeigen,
dass das Gehirn durch Informationsintegration über die zeitliche Dimension ein internes
Modell über die Umwelt generiert auf dessen Basis wiederum Vorhersagen getroffen werden.
Kommen aktive motorische Handlungen, die mit den Umweltinformationen koordiniert werden
müssen, dazu, kann in dieser Arbeit wiederum auf kortikaler und subkortikaler Ebene Integration
von lokalen Informationen in funktionelle globale Netzwerke gezeigt werden, die mit den
kognitiven Anforderungen variiert. Auf einer weiteren Ebene zeige ich in dieser Arbeit, wie Informationsintegration
stattfindet, wenn zur Koordination von Umwelt und Handlungen noch
selbst generierte Informationen, wie der Abruf von Gedächtnis während des mind wanderings,
verarbeitet werden.
Zusammengenommen legen diese möglichen Einflussfaktoren nahe, dass die menschliche
Informationsintegration ein multifaktorielles Geschehen ist, welches sich auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen manifestiert und reziprok mit einer Vielzahl neuronaler Strukturen und Prozesse verbunden
ist
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Parametric Working Memory of Abstract Quantities on Multiple Modalities and Formats : from Frequency to Numerosity
Get PDFWorking memory is central to the complex cognitive functions that are involved in goal-directed behavior. At the core of working memory research, the question remains how and in what format information is retained in the brain. Immense progress has been made using neuroimaging to determine the location of information maintenance using experiments with sensory features, however, it remains unclear how more abstract stimuli are stored.
The aim of this dissertation is to uncover the neural underpinnings of working memory during abstract quantity processing. Specifically, I conducted three functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies to address the question of which brain regions represent the abstract quantity content. We found parametric working memory representation of auditory, visual and vibrotactile frequencies distributed across sensory, posterior parietal, and prefrontal cortices. Additionally, the numerosity-specific information is represented in the prefrontal cortex.
These results provide novel insights into how the brain maintains information in working memory and give support to the view that mental representations are distributed across the cortex depending on whether they are maintained as sensory-specific or abstract features
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