1,721,014 research outputs found
Towards the decarbonization of ammonia synthesis – A techno-economic assessment of hybrid-green process alternatives
Full text linkThis paper analyzes the retrofitting of a conventional, "gray" ammonia plant for its partial decarbonization. Specifically, the retrofitting involves the hybridization of the process by providing a certain amount of green hydrogen (i.e. by water electrolysis) for the ammonia synthesis to reduce the demand for the original gray hydrogen route (i.e. by fossil-based steam reforming) and consequently reduce CO2 emissions. As such green hydrogen is produced through an electrolyzer that consumes renewable electric energy, two design configurations are considered: (Option I) the supply of clean electricity from renewable sources; (Option II) the generation of clean electricity by an in -house photovoltaic power plant. Once having analyzed the advantages and limitations of the hybrid plant layouts, the ammonia production costs achieved by the three simulated plants (i.e. the reference "gray" plant and the two hybrid alternatives) are estimated by considering the United States (USA) and European Union (EU) market quotations in 2022 and previsions for 2030 and 2050. The main outcomes are that (i) hybrid -green ammonia proves to be a feasible, environmentally friendly retrofitting option for the ammonia production industry, showing production costs that are no more than 36 % higher than gray ammonia; and (ii) Option I achieves better cost-effectiveness than Option II in the USA, while the opposite happens in the EU. Specifically, the resulting 10 %-green-on-average hybrid -green ammonia production costs range between +0.3 % (EU -2022) and +30.8 % (USA -2022) for Option I, and between -1.3 % (EU -2022) and +35.3 % (USA -2022) for Option II, compared to the reference gray ammonia plant. (iii) Lastly, the projected (i.e. in 2030 and 2050) CO2 avoidance costs associated with hybrid -green ammonia configurations exceed 400 USD/tCO2 in the USA and 500 USD/tCO2 in the EU
Activation of antitumoral platinum prodrugs for the local treatment of bone tumors by inclusion in bioactive inorganic matrices.
No full textA new dinuclear platinum complex with a nitrogen-containing geminal bisphosphonate as potential anticancer compound specifically targeted to bone tissues
No full textBisphosphonate complexation and calcium doping in silica xerogels as a combined strategy for local and controlled release of active platinum antitumor compounds.
No full textCalcium-modulated release of active platinum antitumor compounds from sol-gel silica xerogels.
No full textIL-1β+ macrophages and the control of pathogenic inflammation in cancer
No full textWhile highlighting the complexity and heterogeneity of tumor immune microenvironments, the application of single-cell analyses in human cancers has identified recurrent subsets of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Among these, interleukin (IL)-1β+ TAMs – cells with high levels of expression of inflammatory response and tissue repair genes, but with limited capacity to stimulate cytotoxic immunity – are emerging as key drivers of pathogenic inflammation in cancer. In this review we discuss recent literature defining the phenotypical, molecular, and functional properties of IL-1β+ TAMs, as well as their temporal dynamics and spatial organization. Elucidating the biology of these cells across tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and therapy could inform the design and interpretation of clinical trials targeting IL-1β and/or other inflammatory factors in cancer immunotherapy
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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