5,961 research outputs found
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE MICROCIRCULATION AND ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION: FROM MOLECULAR MECHANISMS TO CLINICAL EXPERIENCE
Full text linkEndothelial dysfunction is an early feature of atherosclerotic vascular disease, characterized by a decrease in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and a concomitant increase in vascular superoxide (O2 -) formation. Loss of NO bioavailability precedes the development of overt atherosclerosis and is an independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular events. Indeed, decreased NO and enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been recognized as major determinants of age-associated endothelial dysfunction.
Emerging evidence indicates a significant role played by the endothelium also in the onset and progression of the cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), a peculiar type of coronary atherosclerosis which is considered nowadays the main limiting factor of long-term outcome after heart transplantation (HT). Furthermore, other quite common diseases, such as psoriasis and hyperparathyroidism, although proven to be at increased risk for cardiovascular mortality are poorly understood on a cardiovascular point of view. The exact pathogenesis of all these mentioned diseases remains not completely defined; however it is clear that immunologic mechanisms operating in the context of common cardiovascular risk factors lead to impaired endothelial function, mainly as a consequence of decreased NO bioavailability and excessive oxidative stress.
The work submitted in this thesis describes on one side studies aimed to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation driven by oxidative stress in the context of aging, hypertension and atherosclerosis using in vitro and in vivo models. On the other side, we present clinical studies focused on the pathophysiology of coronary microcirculation as far as functional aspects are concerned in the immunoinflammatory context of cardiac allograft vasculopathy.La disfunzione endoteliale, che caratterizza la malattia aterosclerotica fin dagli esordi, è causata da una ridotta disponibilità di ossido nitrico (NO) e da un parallelo aumento della formazione di anione superossido (O2 -) a livello vascolare. La ridotta disponibilità di NO precede lo sviluppo della malattia aterosclerotica in forma conclamata ed è un predittore indipendente di eventi cardiovascolari avversi. Inoltre, ridotto NO e una aumentata produzione di specie reattive dell’ossigeno (ROS) sono ormai riconosciuti essere anche i principali fattori che causano la disfunzione endoteliale legata all’invecchiamento.
Gli studi più recenti indicano, inoltre, come la disfunzione endoteliale giochi un ruolo importante, fin da principio, nella progressione della vasculopatia dell’allograft cardiaco (CAV), una forma peculiare di aterosclerosi coronarica, attualmente considerata il principale fattore determinante la sopravvivenza a lungo termine dopo trapianto di cuore (HT). Vi sono anche altre patologie abbastanza diffuse, quali la psoriasi o l’iperparatiroidismo, che sappiamo comportare un aumentato rischio di mortalita’ cardiovascolare, tuttavia sono poco comprese sul piano fisiopatologico. Di certo è chiarito come alterazioni immunologiche che si sviluppano nel contesto dei noti fattori di rischio cardiovascolare conducano alla disfunzione endoteliale causata da una ridotta disponibilità di (NO) e un eccesso di stress ossidativo.
Questa tesi è costituita da un lato, da studi mirati a chiarire i meccanismi molecolari che sottendono alla disfunzione endoteliale e alla infiammazione vascolare causata dallo stress ossidativo nel contesto dell’invecchiamento, ipertensione e aterosclerosi, utilizzando modelli in vitro e in vivo. Dall’altro canto, vengono presentati lavori clinici che si sono concentrati sullo studio della funzione microcircolatoria coronarica nel contesto della vasculopatia dell’allograft cardiaco
Inflammaging and Vascular Ageing: Untangling the Threads of Arterial Stiffness and Systemic Inflammation
No full textEncuentros con Elena Poniatowska
No full textThe author analyzes testimonial literature from the perspective of female literature through his meeting with Elena Poniatowska. An analysis of reality vs. Fiction in Elena, Jesusa and Tinisima.El autor analiza, desde su encuentro con Elena Poniatowska, la vertiente de la literatura testimonial como literatura de mujeres. Un análisis interior de la relación entre realidad y ficción, entre Elena, Jesusa o Tinísima
Restoring the dysfunctional endothelium
No full textNowdays the endothelium is considered a key determinant of vascular health. NO is the principal mediator of all endothelial protective effects, due to its antinflammatory, antiproliferative, immunomodulatory and vasorelaxant properties. On the contrary, a growing body of evidence suggests that endothelial dysfunction is associated with cardiovascular events. Emerging data suggest that acute coronary syndromes (ACS) may involve a complex interplay between endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and thrombosis. Despite the success in reducing the mortality from acute cardiovascular events, the incidence of cardiovascular disease and its complication continues to increase. New insights into mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction, such as a better understanding of the regulation of vascular sources of oxygen radicals, may lead to novel therapeutic strategies with the potential to improve prognosis. The key pharmacological agents that improve clinical outcome in high-risk patients are statins, ACE-inhibitors or angiotensin receptor antagonists. Compelling scientific evidence suggests that these medications are effective in improving endothelial function. The present review focuses on the potential importance of benefits on endothelium of these medicaments in the management of acute coronary syndromes. © 2007 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd
Bio-bibliografía de y sobre Elena Poniatowska Amor
No full textThe objective of this article is to collect and present: I. the chronology of the life and work of Elena Poniatowska; II. the complete works (as principal and secondary author), and III. the bibliography on the author (books, chapters, and articles).El objetivo de este artículo es reunir y presentar: I. los datos cronológicos fundamentales de la vida y la obra de Elena Poniatowska; II. El compendio de sus obras (como autora principal y como secundaria); y III. la bibliografía sobre la escritora (libros, capítulos de libros y artículos)
El Tlacuache Núm. 698 (2015). 698 Año 13 (2015) noviembre. El Tlacuache
No full textLa mujer vista por cronistas en tiempos novohispanos por Laura Elena Hinojosa. - El Códice Mauricio de la Arena forma parte de Los códices de Tlaquiltenango por Laura Elena Hinojosa
From traditional Mediterranean, Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine to the modern time: integration of pathophysiological, medical and epistemological knowledge
Full text linkThis review starts describing traditional Mediterranean, Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine systems. Then, the “psycho-neuro-endocrine-immunology” paradigm is examined and reasons for its increasing popularity in biological and medical scientific sciences. In particular, we focus on how this paradigm helps to understand and integrate in a modern view some seminal observations and symbolic languages from the past. Thanks to current technological possibilities, the future challenge will be to conduct medical and biological forefront research, able to successfully integrate traditional medicine into the newest therapeutic schemes. In conclusion, we propose some epistemological considerations based on different examples of therapeutic integration
Encounters with Elena Poniatowska
No full textEl autor analiza, desde su encuentro con Elena Poniatowska, la vertiente de la literatura testimonial como literatura de mujeres. Un análisis interior de la relación entre realidad y ficción, entre Elena, Jesusa o Tinísima.The author analyzes testimonial literature from the perspective of female literature through his meeting with Elena Poniatowska. An analysis of reality vs. Fiction in Elena, Jesusa and Tinisima
Neutral effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on lipoprotein metabolism: From clinical evidence to molecular mechanisms
Full text linkSodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are effective, well-tolerated, and safe glucose-lowering compounds for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). SGLT2i benefit encompasses protection from heart and kidney failure, independently of the presence of diabetes. In addition, SGLT2i consistently reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure and, although with some heterogeneity between specific members of the class, favourably affect the risk of cardiovascular outcomes. The molecular mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular favourable effect are not fully clarified. Studies testing the efficacy of SGLT2i in human cohorts and experimental models of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) have reported significant differences in circulating levels and composition of lipoprotein classes. In randomized clinical trials, small but significant increases in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels have been observed, with a still undefined clinical significance; on the other hand, favourable (although modest) effects on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides have been reported. At the molecular level, glycosuria may promote a starving-like state that ultimately leads to a metabolic improvement through the mobilization of fatty acids from the adipose tissue and their oxidation for the production of ketone bodies. This, however, may also fuel hepatic cholesterol synthesis, thus inhibiting atherogenic lipoprotein uptake from the liver. Long-term studies collecting detailed information on lipid-lowering therapies at baseline and during the trials with SGLT2i, as well as regularly monitoring lipid profiles are warranted to disentangle the potential implications of SGLT2i in modulating lipoprotein-mediated atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk
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