1,720,955 research outputs found
Optical Spectroscopy in Natural Sciences: Between Mediation Formats & Open Source Hardware
Get PDFIn this thesis, a modular Open Hardware based DIY high-end spectrometer is used for mediating
the subject of optical spectroscopy. For this purpose, different, partly novel formats
are used or developed to significantly increase the accessibility of the subject within different
target groups with partly fundamentally different needs (school education, the maker movement,
extracurricular education, and university education). Subsequently, the newly developed
formats’ acceptance is evaluated by comparing them to established formats. In addition, the
hardware Open Source Hardware in use is also evaluated, mainly focusing on its effect on the
user employing two different studies (interview and questionnaire).
In order to make the subject of DIY high-end spectroscopy accessible to the field of education
(especially science education), two scientific papers with the titles A do-it-yourself
Czerny–Turner spectrometer: atomic emission, absorption, reflection, and fluorescence spectroscopy
in natural sciences and Spectrometer build of LEGO®-bricks – innovations for classes
in modern chemistry are published in established journals. Within the papers, a modular Open
Hardware C-T spectrometer based on LEGO®-bricks and professional low-cost optical and electronic
components is described in detail and tested regarding its suitability in different application
areas of spectroscopy (transmission and absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy
and reflection spectroscopy). Both papers have already been published in advance.
In contrast to the field of science education, optical spectroscopy is mediated to individuals
associated with the Maker movement using a sophisticated book with the title Measuring atomic
spectra yourself. The book is part of the series 1.000 laser hacks for Makers and has been
published in advance by the Bombini Verlag. The volume described in this thesis describes
the construction, adjustment, and handling of a modular Open Hardware C-T spectrometer
employing typical Maker tools. Furthermore, multiple experiments with different difficulties are
discussed to appeal to the broadest possible range of Makers with different levels of expertise.
In order to mediate optical spectroscopy in an extracurricular setting to a wide range of
people again with different levels of expertise, a recipient-specific novel practical training is
developed in this thesis. The practical training is carried out online to enable participation
regardless of location. The utilization of a modular Open Hardware based C-T spectrometer
(using LEGO®-bricks or the optocubes Framework) within the practical training enables the
participants to explore and adapt the spectrometer without the need for a sophisticated laboratory
or equipment. The practical training is carried out voluntarily at a university with
students and in the context of a vacation program at an educational institution with pupils,
with all necessary materials being sent to the participants by post.
Building on the novel practical training for extracurricular education, adaptations of practical
training are made to use it in university education in the field of physics. The basic idea of using
Open Hardware (exclusively using the Optocubes framework for mechanical constructions) in
combination with problem-oriented task design used in the extracurricular practical training is
also employed here. The modular Open Hardware aspect allows for the ground-up construction of a fully functional C-T spectrometer outside a dedicated lab. It enables the deployment of the
constructed spectrometer in various applications.
The interview study associated with the first round of the online practical training shows that
the participants rate the online practical training format positively but prefer the interaction
possibilities with each other in practical training in a shared location. The handling and the
working experience with the spectrometer are generally described positively, while criticism
is only expressed towards the time required to assemble the spectrometer utilizing LEGO®-
bricks. Based on the findings of the interview study, 13 hypotheses regarding the practical
training and the used system are proposed. Furthermore, as a result of the criticism, a more
sophisticated system, the optocubes framework, is used for all subsequent practical training to
cut the construction time to a possible minimum without neglecting the aspects highlighted in
the interview study.
Following the interview, a questionnaire study is conducted based on the 13 proposed hypotheses.
The study shows that the participants prefer a practical training at a location like a
university to working remotely. Regarding the tasks and materials used in the practical training,
classical scripts are preferred over an open-task design. The evaluation of the system hardware
shows that the users again rate it positively on average. Furthermore, the data also shows a
positive evaluation of the hardware regarding personal factors like motivation, enjoyment, and
ability self-concept. In addition to the overall positive evaluation of the DIY high-end spectrometer
itself and the associated working experience, it should be noted that the collected data
consistently show relatively standard solid deviations. Due to the sample size, no significant
changes could be found concerning concepts such as motivation, enjoyment, ability self-concept,
Etc., which could be caused by the practical training or the hardware in use, e.g., the DIY
high-end spectrometer
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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