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Osmanlı Erken Modernleşme Döneminde Bir Hamam: Edirne Piyâde Kışla-i Hümâyûnu Hamamı
No full textIn Turkish-Islamic civilization, the cleanliness of the environment, clothing, and the body has held profound significance not only as a prerequisite for individual worship and religious practices but also as a vital factor in ensuring public health and environmental preservation. Hammams, constructed to maintain both personal and communal hygiene, have become indispensable elements of social life. Whether built as independent structures or integrated within public complexes, they have played an essential role in shaping urban landscapes. Over time, they developed a distinctive typology, emerging as principal architectural representations of water and hygiene technologies. This study focuses on the Imperial Infantry Barracks Hammam in Edirne, a notable example of this architectural type from the early 19th century. Based on archival documents and period sources, this research investigates the construction process, restoration history, and transformations over time of the hammam, built during the reign of Sultan Mahmud II. Through fieldwork, the architectural features and plan of the structure have been documented. A typological comparison with earlier Turkish hammams has been conducted, questioning the feasibility of proposing a reliable restitution plan. Despite the absence of dedicated studies on this particular hammam in the literature, a number of general overviews on the subject exist. However, the data and findings presented in this study are not found in the current body of work, thus constituting a unique contribution to the field. Sultan Mahmud II's reformist efforts, particularly the modernization of the military, led to changes that were also reflected in military architecture, resulting in the construction of modern military complexes in cities such as Istanbul and Edirne. The research findings indicate that the Imperial Infantry Barracks complex in Edirne was constructed between 1826 and 1827 as one of the earliest tangible outcomes of this transformation. The barracks, as the main building of the complex, along with its attached mosque, represent some of the earliest structures reflecting the innovative efforts of Sultan Mahmud II. In contrast, the hammam, which commenced operations in 1827 as one of the ancillary buildings of the complex, continues to uphold the typological and spatial continuity of historical Turkish hammam architecture. Over time, the hammam has sustained extensive damage due to wear, fire, and the ravages of wars and occupations, necessitating several phases of restoration. Despite these challenges, the hammam remained operational without interruption until the onset of World War I. After the military designation was removed from the site in the early years of the Republic, the building ceased to function and, as a result of being left unused, gradually fell into partial ruin. The findings indicate that, in addition to serving military personnel, the hammam also operated as a public facility. Between 2019 and 2022, a series of observations, examinations, identifications, and documentation efforts were undertaken, culminating in the creation of a detailed plan reflecting the building's current condition. The data analysis systematically evaluated various aspects of the building, including its spatial organization, surrounding context, features such as the furnace (k & uuml;lhan), water reservoir and plumbing systems, construction techniques, materials, architectural elements, and ornamentation. Although the spatial integrity of the building has been largely preserved, it has been observed that parts of the roof and certain architectural elements have not survived to the present day. In addition to the damage in the walls, domes, and vaults located in various spaces, there are material and sectional losses throughout the structure. The schematic layout of the four-iwan and four halvet rooms within the hot room (hararet/s & imath;cakl & imath;k) section, along with the overall spatial organization of the structure, was compared to other similar historical Turkish hammams, as well as to Ottoman-period hammams in Edirne, emphasizing specific structural and typological similarities. Due to being partially damaged, the building requires restoration, adaptive reuse, and ongoing maintenance. Although constructed during the early Ottoman modernization period, the hot room's four-iwan and four-corner halvet configuration is particularly significant for its adherence to a typological continuity that originated in the Anatolian Seljuk and Beylik periods and persisted in Ottoman-era hammams in Edirne. Moreover, despite serving a specific user group, the structure retains all the essential characteristics of a traditional public bath. Based on the analysis of archival documents, historical sources, and fieldwork data, the restitution proposals developed from these findings aim to provide a rigorous scholarly assessment of the building's original spatial configuration and architectural form
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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