30 research outputs found
Hezbollah's unfettered righteousness: The pursuit of a millennial creed
No full textHezbollah is a grassroots politico-military movement that derives its legitimacy from wali al-faqih, Iran's supreme leader. Since its first public appearance in February 1985, Hezbollah has succeeded in transforming itself from a shadowy organization focused on instilling awe and shock in its perceived enemies into an institution with firm support from Lebanese Shi'ites. It is the Shi'ites who supply Hezbollah with its foot soldiers and sanctions its military component within Lebanon's divisive political system. This paper argues that Hezbollah is both a comprehensive movement (in the sense that it performs varied functions spanning military, political, and social spectra) and a totalitarian movement (to the extent that has re-socialized Lebanese Shiites to believe in its mission and commit themselves to it unquestioningly). The author traces the evolution of the social, reli-gious, and political background of Hezbollah's founders and incumbent leaders and pursues the linkages between Hezbollah and its Lebanese Shi'ite constituency, which amount to a comprehensive package of social services. The confessional setup of the Lebanese political system allows Hezbollah to present itself as a powerful patron vis-à-vis a politically undifferentiated local Shi'ite community. © 2008 by Publishing.
The eclipse of Arab authoritarianism and the challenge of popular sovereignty
No full textThis paper proposes that the tumultuous events associated with the Arab uprisings are unlikely to engender democracy in the foreseeable future. At best, they will probably produce unstable political orders on the basis of accommodation and ad hoc political alliances. The argument of this paper lends itself to analysis through the examination of Arabs' experience with (1) failed reforms, (2) regime defiance, (3) the gap between youth awakening and sociopolitical reality and (4) the uneasy encounter between nascent competence, confidence and political consensus. The author's assessment suggests that recent dramatic developments in the Arab region are only the beginning of a long process of political evolution that is unlikely to be concluded before the successful resolution of the issue of political identity and the transformation of Arab publics from subjects into citizens. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.al-Qudwa Ahmad, IQBAL ALA DUKHUL AL; [Anonymous], 2011, AS SIYASA 0315; [Anonymous], 2011, AS SIYASA 1001; [Anonymous], 2011, AN NAHAR 0411; [Anonymous], 2012, GUARDIAN 0331; [Anonymous], 2011, AN NAHAR 0327; [Anonymous], 2011, AS SAFIR 0603; [Anonymous], 2011, AN NAHAR 0506; [Anonymous], 2011, AN NAHAR 1004; [Anonymous], 2012, AL RAI 0328; [Anonymous], 2011, AL QABAS 1001; [Anonymous], 2011, AN NAHAR 0928; [Anonymous], 2012, AL AHRAM 0418; [Anonymous], 2011, ASH SHARQ AL AW 0930; [Anonymous], PRESSTV; [Anonymous], 2011, ASH SHARQ AL AW 1002; [Anonymous], 2011, AN NAHAR 0401; [Anonymous], 2011, AN NAHAR 0609; [Anonymous], 2011, AS SAFIR 0927; [Anonymous], 2011, AN NAHAR 0421; [Anonymous], 2011, AS SAFIR 0310; [Anonymous], 2011, UKAZ 0925; [Anonymous], 2011, AN NAHAR 0219; [Anonymous], 2011, AL AKHBAR 1130; [Anonymous], 2011, AN NAHAR 0927; [Anonymous], 2011, AL AKHBAR 0927; [Anonymous], 2011, AS SAFIR 0929; [Anonymous], 2011, AL HAYAT 0817; [Anonymous], 2011, AL WASAT 0325; [Anonymous], 2012, BBC WORLD NEWS 0417; [Anonymous], 2012, AS SIYASA 0410; [Anonymous], 2011, ASH SHARQ AL AW 1004; [Anonymous], 2011, AN NAHAR 0501; [Anonymous], 2011, AL RAI 0923; [Anonymous], 2011, AS SAFIR 0926; [Anonymous], 2011, AS SIYASA 0926; [Anonymous], 2011, AS SIYASA 1202; [Anonymous], 2012, AL AKHBAR 0314; Erdle Steffen, 2004, ARAB ELITES NEGOTIAT, P207; Fishkin J S, 2009, PEOPLE SPEAK DELIBER, P34; Hilleary Cecily, 2011, J TURKISH WEEKL 1104; Iskandar Abdullah, ARABIYA NEWS; Mariam Alemayehu G., AFRICAS YOUTHS UNITE; McAulay Madeleine, BREITBART; Muir Jim, BBC; Owen Kevin, REUTERS; Perthes V., 2004, ARAB ELITES NEGOTIAT, P87; Sadiki L, 2009, POLITICS MODERN ARAB, V3, p[289, 299]; Shukrallah Salma, AHRAMONLINE; Unattributed Reuters Author, REUTERS; Walt Vivienne, TIME; Yammin Denise, WASHINGTON WA AL RIY; Zartman I W, 2010, CONTENTIOUS POLITICS, p[229, 229]10
Aligning security and energy-efficiency using change detection and partial encryption for wireless camera networks
No full textWireless camera networks (WCNs) have seen widespread deployment in recent years, leading to an upsurge in monitoring and surveillance systems aimed at detecting foreign objects and changes within remote environments. However, wireless communication remains susceptible to cybersecurity threats, enabling eavesdroppers to access and manipulate confidential multimedia data effortlessly. Moreover, wireless cameras are low-power devices, encounter challenges as many state-of-the-art schemes adopt intricate security mechanisms, resulting in elevated costs, latency, and power consumption. This significantly compromises the stability of the node power and network lifetime and limits the applicability of security schemes in real-time implementations. This study addresses these issues by presenting DyimEnc, a dynamic image encryption scheme, to establish secure image transmission within wireless camera networks. The proposed scheme dynamically implements a security, complexity, and power consumption trade-off based on the currently available resources in each camera node. In the DyimEnc scheme, an effective in-node change-detection method is used to detect changes in the captured images and reduce the false transmission of images across the network. Additionally, a dynamic lightweight partial-encryption method is proposed to encrypt the edge maps of sensitive images that include changes. Moreover, a flexible key-management method is proposed for image encryption and transmission. Simulation results underscore DyimEnc's substantial impact, revealing significant reductions in power consumption, encryption cost, and transmission latency. It effectively achieves an average throughput of 254.9 KB/s and a remarkable 48 % decrease in network power consumption, showcasing a substantial 59 % improvement compared to a related study. Security analysis proved the robustness of our scheme in resisting attacks and satisfying the security requirements of WCNs
Parallel Proxy Re-Encryption Workload Distribution for Efficient Big Data Sharing in Cloud Computing
No full textImplementing RC5 Encrtption Algorithm On a Web Based Medical Cosultation System
No full textEven though security requirements in medical care are traditionally high, most computerized medical care applications lack sophisticated security measures or focus only on single security objectives. This project is a web
based application for medical consultation system, it describes a special security way to process a medical care data which transporting through a public networks such as the Internet. It proposes a cryptography approach using RC5 as fast and strong block cipher encryption algorithm. In this application, the patient creates an encryption key to encrypt a medical care consultation inquiries and questions before he send it transit through the transport media to the system database. The doctor is a server side who's the administrator and responsible to decrypt and manage the data. This study is to deliver the approach of confidentiality, integrity and trust to the patient's medical data
Efficient hybrid centralized and blockchain-based authentication architecture for heterogeneous IoT systems
No full textWith the rapid increase in the number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in recent years, massive amounts of sensitive IoT data are being generated and transmitted over the Internet. Despite its growing adoption in various fields, IoT security remains a major challenge requiring further research. IoT authentication is an essential security mechanism for building trust in IoT systems. However, conventional authentication approaches use expensive cryptographic primitives that do not align with the resource-constrained nature of IoT devices. Furthermore, centralized authentication schemes have proven to be inapplicable for cross-domain authentication and do not limit the scalability of IoT networks. Recently, blockchain technology has been applied to building decentralized authentication between IoT devices. Nevertheless, most existing blockchain-based authentication approaches incur high overhead in IoT computation, storage, and energy consumption. Authentication time is another critical issue in real-time IoT systems. When numerous IoT authentication requests are transferred to the blockchain, an additional time delay is imposed, in addition to the high computational cost of the blockchain caused by the consensus mechanism. This study proposes a hybrid centralized and blockchain-based authentication architecture for IoT systems. Edge servers are deployed to provide centralized authentication for associated IoT devices. A blockchain network of centralized edge servers is then established to ensure decentralized authentication and verification of IoT devices that belong to different and heterogeneous IoT systems. Lightweight cryptographic methods are implemented to achieve efficient authentication, in which limiting the consumption of IoT resources is required. The architecture is demonstrated using a local Ethereum blockchain network. The results indicate that the proposed method achieves significant improvements in terms of computation cost, execution time, and power consumption for IoT compared with centralized and blockchain-based authentication schemes. A security analysis proves the ability of our architecture to mitigate attacks and satisfy the IoT security requirements
An Efficient Adaptive of Transparent Spatial Digital Image Encryption
No full textAbstractDigital images are important information often contain high confidential and secret data need to be protected. Due to the growth in the adoption of multimedia technologies, many digital images are being stored on the end user devices. Nevertheless, most of the researches mainly focus on protecting these digital images through transmission and protection on the spatial domain is relatively less. However the large size and complex structure of digital images make the computational overhead and processing time needed to carry out full encryption is a major bottleneck especially in real time applications. This paper firstly describes the current spatial data files protection methods based on transparent encryption technology, and then proposes an efficient model for transparent encryption and decryption on the fly for digital image files stored on hard disk. The proposed method takes advantages of partial image encryption using symmetrical ciphers. Furthermore, to reduce the perceivable information for other unencrypted parts, the transformation technique is proposed to shuffle the image blocks and to decrease the correlation among image elements. By using this proposed method, a sufficient level of security can be achieved within a reasonable computational complexity
Enhancing intrusion detection in IoT networks using machine learning-based feature selection and ensemble models
No full textInternet of Things (IoT) technology has evolved significantly, transitioning from personal devices to powering smart cities and global deployments across diverse industries. However, security challenges arise due to diverse devices using various protocols and having limited computational capabilities, leading to vulnerabilities and potential intrusions in IoT networks. This paper addresses the challenge of intrusion detection in IoT by introducing a heterogeneous machine learning-based stack classifier model for IoT data. The model employs feature selection and ensemble modelling to investigate and enhance key classification metrics for intrusion detection of IoT data. This approach comprises two core components: the utilization of the K-Best algorithm for feature selection, extracting the top 15 critical features and the construction of an ensemble model incorporating various traditional machine learning models. The integration of these components harnesses information from selected features and leverages the collective strength of individual models to enhance classification performance. Using the ‘Ton IoT dataset,’ our experiments compare the ensemble model with individual ones. This research aims to improve key classification metrics for IoT intrusion detection, focusing on accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score. Through rigorous experimentation and comparisons, the proposed ensemble approach showcases exceptional performance, providing a robust solution to fortify IoT network security
Innovative Energy-Efficient Proxy Re-Encryption for Secure Data Exchange in Wireless Sensor Networks
No full textIn the realm of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), preserving data integrity, privacy, and security against cyberthreats is paramount. Proxy re-encryption (PRE) plays a pivotal role in ensuring secure intra-network communication. However, existing PRE solutions encounter persistent challenges, including processing delays due to the transfer of substantial data to the proxy for re-encryption and the computational intensity of asymmetric cryptography. This study introduces an innovative PRE scheme that is meticulously customized for WSNs to enhance the secure communication between nodes within the network and external data server. The proposed PRE scheme optimizes efficiency by integrating lightweight symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic techniques, thereby minimizing computational costs during PRE operations and conserving energy for resource-constrained nodes. In addition, the scheme incorporates sophisticated key management and digital certificates to ensure secure key generation and distribution, which in turn, facilitates seamless authentication and scalable data sharing among the entities in WSN. This scheme maintains sensor-node data encryption and delegates secure re-encryption tasks exclusively to cluster heads, thereby reinforcing data privacy and integrity. Comprehensive evaluations of security, performance, and energy consumption validated the robustness of the scheme. The results confirm that the proposed PRE scheme significantly enhances the security, efficiency, and overall network lifetime of WSNs
A new generalızatıon of (m, n)-closed ıdeals
No full textLet R be a commutative ring with identity. For positive integers m and n, Anderson and Badawi (Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 16(1):1750013 (21 pp), 2017) defined an ideal I of a ring R to be an (m,n)-closed if whenever xm∈ I , then xn∈ I . In this paper we define and study a new generalization of the class of (m,n)-closed ideals which is the class of quasi (m,n)-closed ideals. A proper ideal I is called quasi (m,n)-closed in R if for x∈ R , xm∈ I implies either xn∈ I or xm-n∈ I . That is, I is quasi (m,n)-closed in R if and only if I is either (m, n)-closed or (m, m- n)-closed in R. We justify several properties and characterizations of quasi (m,n)-closed ideals with many supporting examples. Furthermore, we investigate quasi (m,n)-closed ideals under various contexts of constructions such as direct products, localizations and homomorphic images. Finally, we discuss the behavior of this class of ideals in idealization rings. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
