91 research outputs found
DEUTSCHE AFRIKA KORPS: Peranan Field Marshal Erwin Rommel dalam Perang Dunia II di Afrika Utara 1941-1943
No full textLatar belakang penelitian ini dikarenakan ketertarikan penulis akan suasana Perang Dunia II di Afrika Utara yang mempunyai ciri khas tersendiri dibanding pertempuran lainnya yang terjadi selama Perang Dunia II berlangsung. Masalah utama yang dibahas dalam skripsi ini adalah ‘bagaimana peranan Field Marshal Erwin Rommel dalam Perang Dunia II di Afrika Utara?’. Masalah utama ini kemudian dijabarkan kedalam beberapa pernyataan penelitian, yakni (1) bagaimana latar belakang keterlibatan Jerman dalam pertempuran di Afrika Utara 1941-1943?, (2) apa yang melatarbelakangi Jerman menunjuk Field Marshal Erwin Rommel untuk memimpin Deutsche Afrika Korps?, (3) bagaimana proses pertempuran yang dipimpin Field Marshal Erwin Rommel di Afrika Utara 1941-943?, (4) Bagaimana akhir dari pertempuran Jerman pada Perang Dunia II di Afrika Utara 1941-1943? Metode yang digunakan adalah metode historis meliputi pengumpulan sumber, kritik sumber, interpretasi dan historiografi. Untuk memperdalam analisis, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan interdisipliner melalui kajian ilmu sosiologi, militer dan politik dengan menggunakan konsep-konsep seperti peran, status, perang, serta menggunakan teori konflik Lewis A. Coser dan teori geopolitik Karl Haushoffer. Deutsche Afrika Korps dibentuk akibat keterlibatan Jerman dalam pertempuran di Afrika Utara. Keterlibatan Jerman di Afrika Utara disebabkan karena Afrika Utara memiliki arti penting bagi Jerman karena memiliki Terusan Suez dan benteng Gibraltar. Selain itu hubungan Italia-Jerman yang merupakan blok Poros akibat perjanjian Pakta Baja dan Pakta Tripartit membuat Jerman harus terlibat dalam pertempuran. Deutsche Afrika Korps ini dipimpin oleh Field Marshal Erwin Rommel yang dipercayai oleh Hitler karena kepimpinannya dan kepopulerannya dikalangan pasukan Jerman. Rommel memiliki peranan yang sangat penting ketika Jerman membantu Italia di Afrika Utara. Taktik dan strategi Rommel yang jenius membuat Sekutu kewalahan. Strategi yang digunakan diantaranya membuat tank dari kayu untuk mengelabui musuh dan juga memposisikan Flak 88mm dalam bentuk U untuk menjebak tank musuh dalam jebakannya. Proses pertempuran di Afrika Utara ini diawali ketika Rommel mendarat di Tripoli dengan langsung melakukan ofensif mendesak Sekutu menuju perbatasan Libya-Mesir. Selain itu juga Rommel mendapatkan perlawanan dari Sekutu yang melakukan beberapa operasi yang bertujuan untuk memukul mundur Jerman dari Afrika Utara. Operasi tersebut diantaranya operasi Brevity, operasi Battleaxe dan operasi Crusader. Perlawanan Rommel berakhir ketika kekalahan Jerman di El Alamein yang disebabkan faktor kurangnya logistik dan ketidakseimbangan kuantitas pasukan yang dimiliki antara Poros dan Sekutu di El Alamein. Kekalahan Jerman di El Alamein merupakan salah satu turning point bagi Sekutu dalam Perang Dunia II ini dan mengubah arah berlangsungnya perang kedepannya.
The reason of research because author interested with World War II situation in Northern Africa that have characterized be compared another war in World War II. The main problem to discuss in this research is “ How Field Marshal Erwin Rommel role in the World War II in Northern Africa?”. The main problem divided into four research questions, (1) what the purpose Germany includes in battle of Northern Africa 1941-1943?, (2) what the reason Germany choose Field Marshal Erwin Rommel to led Deutsche Afrika Korps?, (3) what is the process that led Field Marshal Erwin Rommel in Northern Africa 1941-1943?, (4) how to end the Germany battle in the World War II in Northern Afrika 1941-1943?. The research uses historic methodology involved Heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. To deepen the analysis, researcher uses interdisciplinary approach through the study sociology, military, and politics with concept and theory like role, status, war, conflict theory from Lewis A. Coser, and geopolitical theory from Karl Haushoffer. Deutsche Afrika Korps formed as result of Germany includes in Battle of Northern Africa. Germany involvement in Northern Africa due to Northern Africa has significance for Germany because have Suez Canal and Fort Gibraltar. In addtion, the relation between Germany and Italy who where Axis due to Agreement Steel Pact and Tripartit Pact makes Germany must includes in the battle. Deutsche Afrika Korps is led by Field Marshal Erwin Rommel and believed Hitler because leadership and popularity among the Germany Troops. Rommel has a very important role when Germany helped Italy in Northern Africa. Tactics and strategy genius Rommel make allied overwhelmed. The strategy used them made of wood tanks to trick enemy and Flak 88m in form U to trap enemy tanks. The process battle in Northern Africa begins when Rommel landed in Tripoli and makes offensive to push Allied towards Libya-Egypt border. It also Rommel get resistance from Allied who perform several operations aimed at repelling Germany of Northern Africa. Such operations include Brevity Operation, Battleaxe Operation, and Crusader Operation. Rommel resistance ended when Germany defeat in El Alamein due to lack of logistical factors and troops possessed imbalance quantity between Axis and Allied. The defeat of Germany in El Alamein is one of turning point for Allied in World War and changing the direction of war in the future
“Honorable men”: Robert E. Lee, Erwin Rommel, and the Memory and Forgetting of Defeat and Guilt
No full textIn October 2017, White House Chief of Staff John F. Kelly criticized those who wanted to bring down statues of Confederate General Robert E. Lee, defending him as “an honorable man.” Geraldo Rivera also took part in the heated debate about Confederate monuments: “#RobertELee is a lot like #ErwinRommel a glorious yet failed warrior, untarnished by the sins of his brothers.” With his tweet the Fox News commentator and former talk show host responded to a Twitter post by the economist and columnist Paul Krugman who had asked: “On statues of Robert E. Lee: what would we think if German towns put up statues of Erwin Rommel, also a good general serving a vile cause?” This article looks at the larger debate about the Lost Cause and the history and memory of slavery and the Civil War in a case study focusing on Robert E. Lee, trying to raise some larger questions of memory and forgetting through a comparison with Erwin Rommel. The article analyzes the special places Southern General Robert E. Lee and Feldmarschall Erwin Rommel have occupied in the memories of the American Civil War and World War II, respectively. It will argue that to find something honorable in all the evil of lost wars that were fought for the wrong ends can be regarded as an individual and collective way to deal with pain, guilt, and defeat. Part of this is honoring the soldiers and their sacrifices, focus on famous battles, and celebrate distinguished generals while ignoring and “forgetting” what the real goals of these wars had been. Today, both Rommel and Lee have been pushed off their pedestals, in the case of Lee statues even literally. But the fact that Lee and Rommel have been glorified as honorable, loyal, and patriotic military men also by those who were their opponents/enemies makes this comparison even more interesting, because it cannot be explained by a collective amnesia in order to suppress and forget guilt and crimes. In connection with remembering, the author argues, it is also important to take a closer look at the different functions of “forgetting” that have been described by Aleida Assmann and other scholars, especially at what Assmann calls “complicit” and “constructive” forms of forgetting. Both examples show that these types of forgetting protected perpetrators, helped shape a selective historical narrative, and were also important in new beginnings and reconstruction after a catastrophic defeat
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type IV pilus and resistance to the antimicrobial properties of surfactant protein-A
No full textThe lung contains numerous innate immune cells and effector proteins. One important component of this immune system is the surfactant protein-A (SP-A), which facilitates microbial clearance by opsonization and membrane permeabilization. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a major Gram-negative bacterial pathogen commonly associated with chronic lung infection in cystic fibrosis. In order to resist the antibacterial effects of SP-A, PA expresses various structural and secreted virulence factors. Previously, Wu et al (2003) have shown that Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are important in resisting SP-A-mediated membrane permeabilization. Zhang et al (2005) performed a comparative signature-tagged mutagenesis screen to identify PA virulence factors needed to resist SP-A-mediated lung clearance, and identified PchA (isochorismate synthase) and PtsP (phosphoenolpyruvate protein phosphotransferase) as important for resisting SP-A-mediated membrane permeability. Zhang et al (2007) further showed that PA flagellum is important for resisting SP-A-mediated membrane permeabilization. Finally, Kuang et al (2011) have shown PA elastase degrades SP-A, allowing an avenue for PA to escape SP-A-mediated opsonization and membrane permeabilization.
In this study, we demonstrated that type IV pilus (Tfp) is important in the resistance of lung clearance both in the presence and absence of SP-A. The Tfp-deficient mutant, ΔpilA, is severely attenuated in an acute pneumonia model of infection in the lungs of wild-type mice that it allows similar bacterial load as PAO1 in the lungs of SP-A-/- mice. The ΔpilA bacteria are more susceptible to SP-A-mediated aggregation and opsonization. In addition, the integrity of the outer membranes of ΔpilA bacteria is compromised, rendering them more susceptible to SP-A-mediated membrane permeabilization. By using Tfp extension and retraction mutants, we demonstrate that the increased susceptibility of ΔpilA to SP-A-mediated opsonization is caused by the total absence of Tfp from PA cells. Finally, we provide evidence that increased expression of an 18 kDa nonpilus adhesin OprH in ΔpilA, may explain why there is an increased susceptibility to SP-A-mediated phagocytosis.
In addition, we also have shown that Tfp glycosylation with O-antigen subunits allows for increased resistance to SP-A. We have also shown the glycosyltransferase mutant, 1244G7, which is deficient in O-antigen, is more susceptible to SP-A-mediated lung clearance and phagocytosis, but not membrane permeability. Finally, we have shown that the increase susceptibility of 1244G7 is associated with exposure of putative mannose residues.Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf ([email protected]) on 2013-09-23T20:00:12Z
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Shooting Rommel: the Desert Fox (1951) and Hollywood’s public-private diplomacy
No full textThe Desert Fox (Henry Hathaway, Twentieth Century-Fox; US, 1951) was one of the first war films to be produced by Hollywood after World War II. The article traces the screenwriting process through the papers of Nunnally Johnson, held at Boston University, and his correspondence with the author of the biography on which the film was based, Desmond Young, but also the studio's head of production, Darryl F. Zanuck, held at USC. The main focus of the piece is the film's reception in the Federal Republic of Germany, and the political concerns of the US State Department which tried to block its release there. This was the most politically controversial film for US diplomats at a time of great sensitivity during West German rearmament, and has left more of a paper trail than any other war film dealing with the Germans of the 1950s. The paper suggests that the film touched raw nerves both among leftwing pacifists and rightwing army sympathisers, as well as generating negative echoes behind the Iron Curtain. The author has also compared the English-language print of Desert Fox with the German-language print of Rommel der Wüstenfuchs to show that important changes were made to the script as a form of post-censorship
A comparative study of the Finnish 4-H organization and the Wisconsin 4-H organization
No full textPlan BThe education of today’s youth, tomorrow’s future, is the focus of the 4-H organization. The aim of the 4-H program is to develop life skills in youth using hands-on learning. 4-H began in the heartland of America in the early 1900’s and soon stretched around the globe. 4-H or a partner organization of 4-H can be found in over 63 countries in the world (V. Gobeli, personal communication, February 25, 2002). The programming, structure, and principles of 4-H programs around the world are all based on the program that began in the United States, but the methods used are different in every country. It is even different among states in the United States. Each program has unique ideas used in the education of youth, but little communication exists to share these ideas among countries. The purpose of this study is to compare another country’s 4-H program to the program that has been long established in Wisconsin. The goal of the study is to show the similarities and difference of two programs that have been created using the same theme, “learning by doing.” Due to the scope of this research, the researcher chose to look only at one country. The country of Finland was chosen for comparison because of its location, similar structure, and its well-established example of European youth programming. The researcher looked at the history of the two programs to help establish the similarities and difference that might exist. The Finnish 4-H Federation began after two men visited the United States and observed the success of club work administered by the United States Department of Agriculture. The program ideas were changed to fit the needs of the Finnish people, with the key concept of life skill development remaining the same. The researcher also found that many articles have been written to show an importance in international programming and international travel. The research was done using ethnographic research along with a qualitative written survey and various interviews. The written survey was used to gain basic information before ethnographic research began. The research revealed that although the programs have the same basic goal, the two programs are very different. The largest differences were seen in projects offered, staff roles, leaders participation, and competition. It was found that both 4-H programs contained ideas of superior quality. If these ideas were shared, it could help to improve the program in the other country. The research not only compared the two programs, but also recommended further programs or studies that could be established based on the research performed
Morfologische veranderingen als gevolg van bodemdaling door gaswinning
No full textSinds 1988 wordt op de locatie Zuidwal in de Waddenzee door TotalFinaElf gas gewonnen. Gaswinning kan vanwege de daarbij optredende bodemdaling gevolgen hebben voor de morfologie, zoals (al dan niet tijdelijke) afname van plaatareaal en -hoogte, hetgeen invloed kan hebben op de ecologie in de vorm van afnemende foerageergebieden en -tijden. Aan de hand van gegevens van metingen en modellen wordt in dit onderzoek getracht te bepalen in welke mate de gaswinning in het TotalFinaElf-veld bodemdaling veroorzaakt en hoe daardoor de morfologie in het omringende Waddengebied beïnvloed wordt, m.a.w.: wordt de veroorzaakte bodemdaling gecompenseerd door (een versterkte) sedimentatie in het gebied? Gezien de onnauwkeurigheden in de meetgegevens is het antwoord in dit rapport indicatief van karakter. De totale hoeveelheid netto sedimentatie in het studiegebied (11,25*15,5 km2) in de periode van 1988 tot 1997 bedraagt 14,4*106 m3 tot 16,6*106 m3 (afhankelijk van gebruikte methode). Door de onnauwkeurigheid in de metingen is deze sedimentatie maximaal 59,8*106 m3 en minimaal \u9626,6*106 m3. De opgetreden bodemdaling bedraagt in dezelfde periode volgens de peilingen van de diepe ondergrond 3,3*106 m3. Op basis van de huidige meettechnieken kan worden geconcludeerd dat er een kans is van 73-82% dat er voldoende sedimentatie binnen het beschouwde gebied heeft plaatsgevonden om de bodemdaling in de periode 1988-1997 volledig te compenseren. De kans dat in ieder geval een deel is gecompenseerd is 78 tot 88%. In de morfodynamiek zijn de effecten van bodemdaling niet te onderscheiden van de bestaande dynamiek. Dit is ook niet realistisch gezien de circa vijf maal zo grote sedimentverplaatsingen die van nature in de Waddenzee plaatsvinden t.o.v. de verlaging door bodemdaling. Voorspellingen geven aan dat de uiteindelijke bodemdaling rond 2010/2015 maximaal 11 cm zal zijn en daarbij een kom zal veroorzaken van 5,2*106 m3 in het studiegebied. Volgens de bestaande inzichten wordt de zandhonger gestild door zand afkomstig uit andere delen van het systeem zoals eilandkusten, geulen en wadplaten. Iedere m3 bodemdaling resulteert uiteindelijk in een m3 kustachteruitgang en draagt daarmee bij tot achteruitgang van de kustlijnen van Vlieland, Terschelling en, in mindere mate Texel en Noord-Holland
Field test of thermoelectric generator using parabolic trough solar concentrator for power generation
No full textCorrigendum to “Reproductive cycles of marine mammals” [Anim. Reprod. Sci. 124 (2011) 184–193]
No full textThe author regrets the following errors in the paper above: Table 2 was previously published in “Todd R. Robeck, Shannon K.C. Atkinson, and Fiona Brook (2001) ‘Reproduction’, in CRC Handbook of Marine Mammal Medicine Health, Disease, and Rehabilitation, Edited by Leslie A. Dierauf and Frances M.D. Gulland: CRC Press, pp. 193–236” and is reproduced with permission. Table 4 was previously published in “Boyd, I.L., Lockyer, C., & Marsh, H. (1999). Reproduction in marine mammals. In J.E. Reynolds III, & S.A. Rommel (Eds.), Biology of Marine Mammals. (pp. 218–286). Smithsonian Institution Press” and is reproduced with permission. The author would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.</p
Design and Characterization of a Data Converter in a SiC CMOS Technology for Harsh Environment Sensing Applications
No full textThis work presents the design and characterization of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with silicon carbide (SiC) for sensing applications in harsh environments. The SiC-based ADC is implemented with the state-of-the-art low-voltage SiC complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology developed by Fraunhofer IISB. Two types of ADCs, i.e., a 4-bit flash ADC and a 6-bit successive-approximation (SAR) ADC, are designed and simulated up to 300 degrees Celsius. The measurement results show that the 4-bit SiC flash ADC can operate reliably up to at least 200 degrees Celsius, which outperforms the Si counterpart regarding the maximum operating temperature.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Electronic Components, Technology and MaterialsMicroelectronic
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