1,721,017 research outputs found
Impacts of oyster culture on microphytobenthos and its photosynthetic performances, benthic macrofauna and the role of estuarine erosion in oyster spat Crassostrea gigas mortality related to OsHV-1 μVar
No full textDepuis 2008, la mortalité des naissains d'huîtres Pacifique Crassostrea gigas est principalement liée au virus de l’ostreid herpesvirus 1 µvariant (OsHV-1 µVar). Les paramètres environnementaux favorisant la persistance et la diffusion du virus pourraient jouer sur sa dynamique de propagation. Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient d’étudier in situ les interactions entre les naissains d’huîtres et leur environnement benthique lors d’un épisode de surmortalité. La photobiologie du microphytobenthos sous les tables semblait en meilleur état comparé à celle observée dans les allées pouvant favoriser la résilience virale. Les tables à huîtres atténuaient la lumière, la température et la dessication évitant ainsi une thermo et photoinhibition du microphytobenthos. Les indices de la qualité environnementale de l’habitat benthique basés sur la communauté macrozoobenthique ont traduit une dégradation du milieu suite aux apports de matière organique induits par les mortalités de naissains d’huîtres puis des échouages des macroalgues. Une quantité importante d’OsHV-1 était retrouvée à la surface du biofilm avant les mortalités. Sa remise en suspension était préférentiellement associée aux particules microphytobenthiques avec de faibles courants.Since 2008, the mortality of Pacific oyster spat Crassostrea gigas has mainly been linked to the Ostreid herpesvirus 1 μvariant (OsHV-1 μVar). Environmental parameters favoring the persistence and spread of the virus could affect its propagation dynamics. The objectives of this thesis were to study in situ the interactions between oyster spat and their benthic environment during an episode of mortality. The photobiology of the microphytobenthos beneath the tables seemed to be in a better state compared to that observed in aisles that could promote viral resilience. The oyster tables attenuated light, temperature and desiccation, thus avoiding thermo and photoinhibition of the microphytobenthos. The benthic habitat environmental quality indices based on the macrozoobenthic community showed a degradation of the environment following the influx of organic matter induced by oyster spat mortalities and strandings of the macroalgae. A significant amount of OsHV-1 was found on the surface of the biofilm before the mortalities. Resuspension was preferentially associated with microphytobenthic particles with small currents
Marine ecosystem engineers long-term evolution modelling in response to climate change and sediment transport in Seine estuary
No full textUn estuaire est un écosystème particulièrement complexe, où les conditions physiques ont une grande influence sur les habitats que l'on y trouve. Les paramètres sédimentaires et hydrologiques ont un impact direct sur la distribution spatiale et l'activité de la macrofaune benthique, les sédiments jouant le rôle de source de nourriture, de refuge et de lieu de reproduction.La question de définir la distribution spatiale et temporelle d’une espèce a mené à la notion de niche écologique, et à la construction des modèles de distributions d’espèces (Species Distribution Models, SDM). Parmi les nombreuses méthodes possibles pour obtenir un SDM, ces travaux proposent un SDM sous forme de « niche écologique optimale » de Cerastoderma edule, ce qui correspond à un modèle corrélatif basé sur la régression quantile utilisant une loi gaussienne bifactorielle. L’approche quantile permet d’estimer l’impact d’un facteur abiotique sur la réponse biologique en s’affranchissant des facteurs limitants non pris en compte. L’ajout original de ce modèle est d’utiliser une base gaussienne bifactorielle pour intégrer le type de réponse biologique classique et pour tenir compte des valeurs extrêmes des prédicteurs qui peuvent altérer la réponse biologique. Quatre couples de prédicteurs abiotiques parmi les facteurs environnementaux extraits d’un modèle hydro-morpho-sédimentaire 3D (salinité, température, courant maximal, taux d’inondation, % de vase fine…) sont proposés ainsi qu’un index d’habitabilité à vocation d’aide à la gestion des espaces naturels.S’inscrivant dans une boucle de rétroaction, les espèces macrozoobenthiques sont souvent ingénieurs d'écosystème, en modulant physiquement l’environnement qui les entoure, et plus particulièrement par un ensemble de processus de remaniement des sédiments, appelés bioturbation. Un modèle de bioturbation de Cerastoderma edule est construit à partir de six jeux de données d’érodimétrie tirés de la littérature et évaluant la quantité de sédiment remanié en fonction du taux métabolique de la faune présente dans l’échantillon et du type de sédiment. Il permet de modéliser l’érosion de cette couche biogénique dans les différentes conditions expérimentales collectées. De plus, des travaux expérimentaux ont été réalisés pour quantifier l’effet de bioturbation multi-spécifique en fonction du taux métabolique et de la température. La caractérisation de la couche biogène semble être suffisamment décrite par le taux métabolique cumulé de tous les individus en présence, cependant l’influence de ces organismes sur l’érodabilité de la couche constitutive du sédiment semble nécessiter plus de différentiation selon le mode de bioturbation.An estuary is a particularly complex ecosystem, where physical conditions have a major influence on the habitats found there. Sedimentary and hydrological parameters have a direct impact on the spatial distribution and activity of benthic macrofauna, with sediments acting as food sources, refuges, and breeding grounds.The question of defining the spatial and temporal distribution of a species led to the notion of ecological niche, and the construction of Species Distribution Models (SDM). Among the many possible methods for obtaining a SDM, this work proposes an SDM in the form of the 'optimal ecological niche' of Cerastoderma edule, which corresponds to a correlative model based on quantile regression using a bifactorial Gaussian distribution. The quantile approach makes it possible to estimate the impact of an abiotic factor on the biological response without considering limiting factors. The original addition to this model is to use a bifactorial Gaussian basis to incorporate the classic type of biological response and to take account of the extreme values of the predictors, which can alter the biological response. Four pairs of abiotic predictors from among the environmental factors extracted from a 3D hydro-morpho-sedimentary model (salinity, temperature, maximum current, flooding rate, % of fine silt, etc.) are proposed, along with a habitability index to help manage natural areas.As part of a feedback loop, macrozoobenthic species are often ecosystem engineers, physically modulating the environment around them, and more specifically through a series of sediment reworking processes known as bioturbation. A Cerastoderma edule bioturbation model is constructed from six erodimetry data sets taken from the literature, assessing the quantity of sediment reworked as a function of the metabolic rate of the fauna present in the sample and the type of sediment. It is used to model the erosion of this biogenic layer under the various experimental conditions collected. In addition, experimental work has been carried out to quantify the effect of multi-species bioturbation as a function of metabolic rate and temperature. The characterization of the biogenic layer seems to be sufficiently described by the cumulative metabolic rate of all the individuals present, but the influence of these organisms on the erodibility of the constituent layer of the sediment seems to require more differentiation according to the mode of bioturbation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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