1,721,132 research outputs found
Cross the Best with the Best, and Select the Best: HELP in Breeding Selfing Crops
No full textHybrid-enabled line profiling (HELP) is a new integrated breeding strategy for self-fertilizing crops that combines existing and recently identified elements, resulting in a strategy that synergistically exceeds existing breeding concepts. Heterosis in selfing crops is often driven by additive and additive ´ additive gene action, the molecular basis of which is increasingly being revealed. Unlike nonadditive heterosis, additive forms can be relatively easily fixed in homozygous lines, meaning that their seed can simply be resown to express the same “heterosis.” Crossing diverse, complementary “selfing” parents to create the desired trait or allele line profile requires strict male sterility of the female; this can now be achieved relatively easily through present and emerging chemical, environmental, or genetic techniques. Fairly small amounts of hybrid seed are needed, with no need to scale up seed production, as it is not the hybrid that will be commercialized. After multilocation testing, homozygous lines from only the most superior hybrids, driven mainly by additive effects and additive ´ additive gene action, are rapidly derived using techniques such as doubled haploids. Multilocation testing and molecular confirmation of target line profiles then identify superior lines for release to farmers. The HELP strategy integrates modern high-throughput versions of existing and new concepts and methodologies into a breeding system strategy that focuses on the most superior crosses, <10% of all crosses. This focus results in significant increases in efficiency and can reverse the edible yield plateauing seen or feared in some of our major selfing food crops
El Perú en las tesis doctorales de los Estados Unidos: Revisión bibliográfica del período 1977-1988
No full textThe author reviews the doctoral theses on Peru written in universities of the United States, between 1977 and 1988. He also makes a comparative analysis of the subjects, that were studied in this period, in relation with the ones that were studied in previous periods, according to a wellknown study by Héctor Maletta.El autor revisa las tesis doctorales sobre el Perú realizadas en las universidades de los Estados Unidos, entre 1977 y 1988. También realiza un análisis comparativo de los temas que fueron estudiados en este período, frente a los que fueron estudiados en períodos anteriores, de acuerdo a un conocido trabajo de Héctor Maletta
Peru in the doctoral theses of United States: literature review of the period 1977-1988
No full textEl autor revisa las tesis doctorales sobre el Perú realizadas en las universidades de los Estados Unidos, entre 1977 y 1988. También realiza un análisis comparativo de los temas que fueron estudiados en este período, frente a los que fueron estudiados en períodos anteriores, de acuerdo a un conocido trabajo de Héctor Maletta.The author reviews the doctoral theses on Peru written in universities of the United States, between 1977 and 1988. He also makes a comparative analysis of the subjects, that were studied in this period, in relation with the ones that were studied in previous periods, according to a wellknown study by Héctor Maletta
Marcos regulatorios y gobernanza de las nuevas técnicas de mejoramiento genético: un análisis global del impacto de las políticas en la bioinnovación
No full textBio-innovation, encompassing developments in new breeding techniques (NBTs), presents substantial opportunities for addressing global challenges, though its progress is fundamentally shaped by surrounding regulatory frameworks. Three primary categories of regulations emerge as particularly influential: innovation-promoting frameworks centered on intellectual property rights, regulations targeting societal objectives that indirectly drive innovation, and structural frameworks affecting corporate strategies. Successful bio-innovation systems demonstrate the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, stakeholder integration, and professional expertise in bridging academic research and industrial applications. Larger companies generally show greater adaptability to regulatory compliance compared to smaller enterprises, while emerging technologies require continuous evolution of governance structures to balance innovation promotion with safety and ethical considerations. Diverse governance models, ranging from permissive to precautionary approaches, influence bio-innovation development and deployment. The effectiveness of these frameworks depends on their implementation flexibility and ability to foster sustainable bio-innovation systems addressing global challenges while promoting economic growth and environmental sustainability. Regulatory harmonization plays a crucial role in fostering cross-border collaboration and mitigating risks associated with emerging biotechnologies. Through strategic alignment of public policies and regulatory frameworks, countries can develop conducive environments for bio-innovation, though challenges persist in regions with limited research funding and infrastructure development. The future trajectory of bio-innovation will increasingly depend on international standards harmonization while maintaining regional specificity in regulatory approaches, requiring ongoing dialogue between policymakers, researchers, and industry stakeholders to ensure balanced oversight supporting scientific advancement without stifling innovation to achieve tangible societal benefits.La bio-innovación, que abarca el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas de mejoramiento genético (NBTs), ofrece importantes oportunidades para abordar los desafíos globales, si bien su progreso está fundamentalmente condicionado por los marcos regulatorios existentes. Tres categorías principales de regulaciones destacan por su gran influencia: los marcos que promueven la innovación centrados en los derechos de propiedad intelectual, las regulaciones que persiguen objetivos sociales que impulsan indirectamente la innovación y los marcos estructurales que afectan las estrategias corporativas. Los sistemas de bio-innovación exitosos demuestran la importancia de la colaboración interdisciplinaria, la integración de las partes interesadas y la experiencia profesional para conectar la investigación académica con las aplicaciones industriales. Las empresas de mayor tamaño suelen mostrar una mayor adaptabilidad al cumplimiento normativo en comparación con las empresas más pequeñas, mientras que las tecnologías emergentes requieren una evolución continua de las estructuras de gobernanza para equilibrar el fomento de la innovación con la seguridad y las consideraciones éticas. Diversos modelos de gobernanza, que van desde enfoques permisivos hasta precautorios, influyen en el desarrollo y la implementación de la bio-innovación. La eficacia de estos marcos depende de su flexibilidad de implementación y de su capacidad para fomentar sistemas de bio-innovación sostenibles que aborden los desafíos globales, a la vez que promueven el crecimiento económico y la sostenibilidad ambiental. La armonización regulatoria desempeña un papel crucial en el fomento de la colaboración transfronteriza y la mitigación de los riesgos asociados a las biotecnologías emergentes. Mediante la alineación estratégica de las políticas públicas y los marcos regulatorios, los países pueden desarrollar entornos propicios para la bio-innovación, si bien persisten desafíos en las regiones con financiación limitada para la investigación y un desarrollo de infraestructura deficiente. La trayectoria futura de la bio-innovación dependerá cada vez más de la armonización de las normas internacionales, manteniendo al mismo tiempo la especificidad regional en los enfoques regulatorios. Esto requiere un diálogo continuo entre los responsables políticos, los investigadores y los actores de la industria para garantizar una supervisión equilibrada que apoye el avance científico sin frenar la innovación y permita alcanzar beneficios sociales tangibles
Exploiting genetic and genomic resources to enhance productivity and abiotic stress adaptation of underutilized pulses
Get PDFUnderutilized pulses and their wild relatives are typically stress tolerant and their seeds are packed with protein, fibers, minerals, vitamins, and phytochemicals. The consumption of such nutritionally dense legumes together with cereal-based food may promote global food and nutritional security. However, such species are deficient in a few or several desirable domestication traits thereby reducing their agronomic value, requiring further genetic enhancement for developing productive, nutritionally dense, and climate resilient cultivars. This review article considers 13 underutilized pulses and focuses on their germplasm holdings, diversity, crop-wild-crop gene flow, genome sequencing, syntenic relationships, the potential for breeding and transgenic manipulation, and the genetics of agronomic and stress tolerance traits. Recent progress has shown the potential for crop improvement and food security, for example, the genetic basis of stem determinacy and fragrance in moth bean and rice bean, multiple abiotic stress tolerant traits in horse gram and tepary bean, bruchid resistance in lima bean, low neurotoxin in grass pea, and photoperiod induced flowering and anthocyanin accumulation in adzuki bean have been investigated. Advances in introgression breeding to develop elite genetic stocks of grass pea with low β-ODAP (neurotoxin compound), resistance to Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus in black gram using rice bean, and abiotic stress adaptation in common bean, using genes from tepary bean have been carried out. This highlights their potential in wider breeding programs to introduce such traits in locally adapted cultivars. The potential of de-domestication or feralization in the evolution of new variants in these crops are also highlighted
Multi-omics and genome editing studies on plant cell walls to improve biomass quality
Get PDFBiomass is one of the most important sources of renewable energy and plays an important role in reducing our reliance on fossil fuels. Efficient biomass production is essential to obtain large amounts of sustainable energy with minimal environmental cost. However, the biochemical and molecular processes behind the synthesis of the main components of biomass are still not fully understood. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the most relevant studies on cell wall biosynthesis and degradation mechanisms, focusing on the lignocellulosic component, in which the conversion process to fermentable sugars is expensive, due to its recalcitrant nature. A focus is placed on multi-omics research involving genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and phenomics, since multi-omics approaches offer a unique opportunity to investigate the biological pathways underlying the genotype traits characterizing cell wall energy crops. Furthermore, our study highlights the advances in genome editing approaches and proposes the modification of the genes that are involved in the complex cell wall structure as a feasible solution to an efficient biomass production. Several key points for future research activities based on these emerging technologies are also discussed, focusing on the combination of multi-omics and gene editing approaches, which offer potential for improved biomass valorization and the development of tangible bioproducts
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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