1,720,979 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Einfluss von Simvastatin auf die Frakturheilung im murinen Ischämiemodell
Get PDFSimvastatin findet als Reduktase-Hemmer des Enzyms 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutarylCoenzym-A-Reduktase (HMG-CoA) in der Klinik breite Anwendung zur Therapie der
Hypercholesterinämie sowie zur Senkung der kardiovaskulären Mortalität. Darüber hinaus hat
Simvastatin einen nachgewiesenen aniinflammatorischen, vaskuloprotektiven und
angiogenen sowie osteogenen Effekt. Diese Prozesse sind u.a. essentieller Bestandteil
während einer Frakturheilung. Der Einfluss von Simvastatin auf die Knochenheilung wurde
bisher kontrovers diskutiert. Inwiefern Simvastatin die Frakturheilung unter ischämischen
Bedingungen beeinflusst, ist bisher nicht bekannt. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, den Einfluss
von Simvastatin auf die Frakturheilung in einem murinen Ischämiemodell zu untersuchen.
Bei 47 CD-1 Mäusen wurde durch Ligatur der Arteria profunda femoris eine milde Ischämie
der rechten unteren Extremität induziert. Nach geschlossener Frakturierung wurde das Femur
mit einer intramedullären Zugschraube osteosynthetisch versorgt. Die Mäuse der
Simvastatingruppe (n=22) erhielten nachfolgend täglich 30 mg/kg Körpergewicht (KG)
Simvastatin per os. Der Kontrollgruppe (n=25) wurde eine äquivalente Menge isotone
Natriumchloridlösung per os täglich appliziert. 2 und 5 Wochen postoperativ wurden nach
Explantation der Femora biomechanische, röntgenologische, computertomographische,
histomorphometrische und proteinbiochemische Untersuchungen durchgeführt.
In der biomechanischen und röntgenologischen Untersuchung zeigten sich keine
Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen. In der Computertomographie war 2 und 5 Wochen
postoperativ in der Simvastatingruppe ein signifikant erniedrigtes absolutes Knochenvolumen
und ein erniedrigter relativer Knochenanteil mit gleichzeitig verminderter Trabekelanzahl
feststellbar. Korrespondierend dazu war nach 2 Wochen der Trabekelabstand signifikant
erhöht und nach 5 Wochen die Trabekeldicke signifikant erniedrigt. In der
histomorphometrischen Analyse ergab sich nach 5 Wochen in der Simvastatingruppe eine
signifikant erniedrigte Gesamtkallusfläche. In der proteinbiochemischen Analyse erwies sich
die Expression von Cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) und Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase
(PI3K) im Rahmen einer stimulierten Angiogenese und Proliferation signifikant erhöht. Die
Expression des Osteogenesemarkers Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)-2 zeigte sich
signifikant erniedrigt. Die Expressionen von Osteoprotegerin (OPG) und Receptor Activator of
NF-κB Ligand (RANKL) ergaben keine signifikanten Unterschiede. Zusammenfassend zeigen die Daten der vorliegenden Arbeit, dass Simvastatin die Frakturheilung unter ischämischen Bedingungen am Mausmodell beeinträchtigt ohne jedoch
die Knochenheilung insgesamt zu verhindern. Dieser Effekt ist am ehesten auf ein
Missverhältnis angiogener und osteogener Expressionsmarker im Kallusgewebe
zurückzuführen. Darüber hinaus ergeben sich Hinweise, dass die Wirkung von Simvastatin auf
die Frakturheilung dosisabhängig ist, sodass künftig weitere Studien den Effekt von
Simvastatin und neuester Derivate hiervon auf ihr osteoanaboles Potenzial unter hypoxischen
Bedingungen noch weiter untersuchen sollten.As a reductase inhibitor of the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase
(HMG-CoA), Simvastatin is widely used in the clinic to treat hypercholesterolemia and to
reduce cardiovascular mortality. In addition, Simvastatin has a proven aniinflammatory,
vasculoprotective, angiogenic and osteogenic effect. These processes are essential
components during fracture healing. The influence of Simvastatin on bone healing has been
the subject of controversial debate. The extent to which Simvastatin influences fracture healing
under ischemic conditions is not yet known. The aim of this study was to investigate the
influence of Simvastatin on fracture healing in a murine ischemia model.
Mild ischemia of the right lower limb was induced in 47 CD-1 mice by ligation of the profunda
femoris artery. After closed fracturing, the femur was osteosynthesized with an intramedullary
screw. The mice in the Simvastatin group (n=22) subsequently received 30 mg/kg body weight
of Simvastatin per os daily. The control group (n=25) received an equivalent amount of isotonic
sodium chloride solution per os daily. Biomechanical, radiographic, computed tomographic,
histomorphometric and protein biochemical examinations were performed 2 and 5 weeks
postoperatively after explantation of the femora.
There were no differences between the groups in the biomechanical and radiographic
examinations. Computed tomography showed a significantly reduced absolute bone volume
and a reduced relative bone proportion in the Simvastatin group at 2 and 5 weeks
postoperatively, with a simultaneous reduction in the number of trabeculae. Correspondingly,
the trabecular spacing was significantly increased after 2 weeks and the trabecular thickness
was significantly reduced after 5 weeks. The histomorphometric analysis revealed a
significantly reduced total callus area in the Simvastatin group after 5 weeks. In the protein
biochemical analysis, the expression of cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) was found to be significantly increased in the context of
stimulated angiogenesis and proliferation. The expression of the osteogenesis marker bone
morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 was significantly decreased. The expressions of
osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) showed no significant
differences.
In summary, the data of the present study show that simvastatin impairs fracture healing under
ischemic conditions in the mouse model without, however, preventing bone healing altogether.
This effect is most likely due to an imbalance of angiogenic and osteogenic expression markers
in callus tissue. In addition, there are indications that the effect of simvastatin on fracture
healing is dose-dependent, so that further studies should continue to investigate the effect of
simvastatin and its latest derivatives on their osteoanabolic potential under hypoxic conditions
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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