143 research outputs found
Static Validation of WS-CDL Documents
No full textThis paper presents an approach to validate WS-CDL documents statically. To deal with those constraints appeared in CDL documents, which cannot be captured by its meta model (XML Schema) totally, we design a machine-based constraint language based on B Method, which uses abstract machines to represent the constraints of the relations among XML nodes. After modelling the constraints, the corresponding checking algorithm can be designed to implement the static validation of CDL documents. Meanwhile, the checking algorithm is integrated into the WS-CDL editor plug-in for Eclipse project. The case studies show that our approach is effective for real examples in practice. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Computer Science, Interdisciplinary ApplicationsComputer Science, Software EngineeringSCI(E)EI0ARTICLE81367-13771
A formal model for Web Service Choreography Description Language (WS-CDL)
No full textWe propose a language CDL as a formal model of simplified WS-CDL The operational semantics of CDL is given, and static validation and verification of choreographies is studied. Some properties of the proposed model are verified using the SPIN model-checker which illustrates the potential usage and benefits of the formal model.Computer Science, Information SystemsTelecommunicationsEICPCI-S(ISTP)
A study to determine the correlation between the length of formalized training and the driving/safety records of commercial truck drivers
No full textPlan BThe purpose of this study was to determine if there is a direct correlation between the length of formalized training received by truck drivers and the driving record of those drivers. This research further sought to determine if there is a point where formal training is no longer relevant to the driving records of truck drivers due to actual length of time driving (years behind the wheel). This research was done, by examining the training and driving records of 300 drivers from three separate trucking companies in Wisconsin, in November 2001. These drivers were selected at random. The population for this research was all drivers employed by the selected companies, at the time of this research. The sample, 300 drivers, was then selected using the table of Ten Thousand Random Numbers, according to the book Statistical Methods, by George W. Snedecor and William G, Cochran. This information was then analyzed, and correlations of relevant information were determined, according to the charts in Chapter IV of this study. A direct relationship between length of training and driving records of commercial drivers was found by this research as well as a determination as to the relevance of training to driving records in connection with the length of driving for the subjects of this study. This relationship and relevance is described in detail in the following chapters as well as the conclusions and recommendations of the researcher as they relate to the data developed from this research
Sea-level rise induced change in exposure of low-lying coastal land: implications for coastal conservation strategies
No full textCoastal erosion and flooding are projected to increase during the 21st century due to sea-level rise (SLR). To prevent adverse impacts of unmanaged coastal development, national organizations can apply a land protection policy, which consists of acquiring coastal land to avoid further development. Yet, these reserved areas remain exposed to flooding and erosion enhanced by SLR. Here, we quantify the exposure of the coastal land heritage portfolio of the French Conservatoire du littoral (Cdl). We find that 30% (~40%) of the Cdl lands owned (projected to be owned) are located below the contemporary highest tide level. Nearly 10% additional surface exposure is projected by 2100 under the high greenhouse gas emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5) and 2150 for the moderate scenario (SSP2-4.5). The increase in exposure is largest along the West Mediterranean coast of France. We also find that Cdl land exposure increases more rapidly for SLR in the range of 0–1 m than for SLR in the range 2–4 m. Thus, near-future uncertainty on SLR has the largest impact on Cdl land exposure evolution and related land acquisition planning. Concerning erosion, we find that nearly 1% of Cdl land could be lost in 2100 if observed historical trends continue. Adding the SLR effect could lead to more than 3% land loss. Our study confirms previous findings that Cdl needs to consider land losses due to SLR in its land acquisition strategy and start acquiring land farther from the coast
The Effect of Land Use Zonings on Housing Development: The Introduction of Cdl Approach in the Border Area of Surabaya and Sidoarjo Regency, Indonesia
No full textAbstractThe Land use zoning (LUZ) is necessary to control the urban land use. Due to the housing development, the urban sprawl took place in fringe areas of Surabaya in which the real sector has rapidly increased in the rural-urban fringe between Sidoarjo and Surabaya. It leads the problems of despairing rural housing and decreased production of natural resources due to social inequality in the rapid development process. In achieving a sustainable urban form in urban fringe, this project is conducted with zoning review in the border area of Sidoarjo and Surabaya. The existing zoning does not distinguish between project-based housing development and home owner-based housing development. Co-existing Dividing Line (CDL) as a clear line between different types of residential use is suggested in order to provide a basis for planners and developers in the construction of project-based housing without disturbing the home owner-based housing for a sustainable urban form
The Future of Controlled Digital Lending
No full textThrough the pandemic, controlled digital lending (CDL) emerged as a legal lifeline for libraries seeking to provide access to their collections remotely. Since then, in both the US and Canada, CDL has continued to drive innovation in library access. Dave Hansen, Executive Director of Authors Alliance and co-author of the US position statement and legal white paper on controlled digital lending, will explain the most recent developments in the pivotal Hachette v. Internet Archive fair use case and offer points of comparison and contrast with CDL under fair dealing in Canada.Dave Hansen, Executive Director of Authors Alliance and co-author of the US position statement and legal white paper on controlled digital lending, will explain the most recent developments in the pivotal Hachette v. Internet Archive fair use case and offer points of comparison and contrast with CDL under fair dealing in Canada
Separating sensitivity from exposure in assessing extinction risk from climate change
No full textPredictive frameworks of climate change extinction risk generally focus on the magnitude of climate change a species is expected to experience and the potential for that species to track suitable climate. A species’ risk of extinction from climate change will depend, in part, on the magnitude of climate change the species experiences, its exposure. However, exposure is only one component of risk. A species’ risk of extinction will also depend on its intrinsic ability to tolerate changing climate, its sensitivity. We examine exposure and sensitivity individually for two example taxa, terrestrial amphibians and mammals. We examine how these factors are related among species and across regions and how explicit consideration of each component of risk may affect predictions of climate change impacts. We find that species’ sensitivities to climate change are not congruent with their exposures. Many highly sensitive species face low exposure to climate change and many highly exposed species are relatively insensitive. Separating sensitivity from exposure reveals patterns in the causes and drivers of species’ extinction risk that may not be evident solely from predictions of climate change. Our findings emphasise the importance of explicitly including sensitivity and exposure to climate change in assessments of species’ extinction risk
Ecology predicts large-scale patterns of phylogenetic diversification in birds
No full textPublished versio
Trait-based indicators of bird species sensitivity to habitat loss are effective within but not across datasets.
No full textSpecies' traits have been widely championed as the key to predicting which species are most threatened by habitat loss, yet previous work has failed to detect trends that are consistent enough to guide large-scale conservation and management. Here we explore whether traits and environmental variables predict species sensitivity to habitat loss across two datasets generated by independent avifaunal studies in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, both of which detected a similar assemblage of species, and similar species-specific responses to habitat change, across an overlapping sample of sites. Specifically, we tested whether 25 distributional, climatic, ecological, behavioral and morphological variables predict sensitivity to habitat loss among 196 bird species, both within and across studies, and when data were analysed as occurrence or abundance. We found that 4-9 variables showed high explanatory power within a single study or dataset, but none performed as strong predictors across all datasets. Our results demonstrate that the use of species traits to predict sensitivity to anthropogenic habitat loss can produce predictions that are species- and site-specific and not scalable to whole regions or biomes, and thus should be used with caution. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Customer Dominant Logic (CDL): Features of Supplier Involvement in Customer Ecosystems in E-Commerce
No full textIn the conditions of the active development of the digital economy and the emergence of new marketing approaches, the determination of the features of the involvement of suppliers in consumer ecosystems based on the customer dominant logic (CDL) is the starting point for the use of this logic in e-commerce and an actual direction of scientific, theoretical and practical research. The purpose of this study is to determine the features of the involvement of suppliers in customer ecosystems in e-commerce based on CDL. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is modern scientific concepts, theoretical developments of leading domestic and foreign scientists regarding their essence, possibilities and features of their use in electronic commerce. The method of theoretical generalization, and logical analysis and the graphic method were used. The conducted research made it possible to obtain the following results: firstly, the author substantiated the use by companies of indicators characterizing thoughts, emotions, experience and possible models of customer relationships while auditing content and promoting products in social networks. Unlike the existing approach, which is based on the traditional account analysis metrics, this one will enable companies to gain real-time information about how, where and when a customer orders a product, what they want and who they are, and become an element of their ecosystem. Considering the fact that different companies use different types of logic (goods dominant logic (GDL), maintenance dominant logic (SL) and service dominant logic (SDL)), this work offers to distinguish two groups of indicators of content audit and promotion – specific and general – which will give companies a reason to focus on indicators that are more significant for them. Secondly, the article proposes the involvement of suppliers in customer ecosystems based on the assessment of business clients using the methodology of auditing the activities of the main competitors in social networks, which will make it possible to significantly simplify the company’s entry into client ecosystems. The results of the given research can be useful for companies seeking to establish long-term and effective relationships with customers based on the introduction of new marketing approaches and technologies
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