18,371 research outputs found
ADAM SMITH'S OPTIMISTIC TELEOLOGICAL VIEW OF HISTORY
No full textAdam Smith's four-stage theory provides the framework for his writings on history. The fourth stage is the commercial epoch; the culmination of history in this stage is a key component in the conventional interpretation of Adam Smith as a prophet of commercialism. In two historical case studies Smith shows the capacity of commercial society to regenerate itself. This potent capacity suggests that commercial society is inevitable. At a certain point in time it also overcomes the major obstacles to its permanence. Smith's philosophy of history anticipates the end of history views of Kant and Hegel.Political Economy,
The Spanish mysticism in paintings by artists from the Fine Arts Academy in Krakow at the turn of the 21st century
No full textDuring the last two decades the works of teachers from the Painting Department of the Academy of Fine Arts in Krakow: Grzegorz Bednarski, Katarzyna Makieła-Organisty, Janusz Matuszewski, Mirosław Sikorski, Edyta Sobieraj, Zbigniew Sprycha or Wojciech Szybist reveal traces of inspiration by the Spanish Golden Age. In this respect, paintings by Krakow artists stand out against other works of contemporary art both in Poland and globally. Their art should be discussed in the context of early modern meditatio mortis and tenebristic „baroqueism”, to which the artists themselves readily admit. The point of departure (frequently referred to as homage) are mystic visions, portraits by El Greco, Francisco de Zurbarán’s bodegóns or eschatological „death hieroglyphics” by Juan de Valdés Léal. References to works by the Iberian masters are accompanied by links to Carmelite writings or Jesuit mystics. Formal and ideological analysis also allows us to ask a question of the possibility of presenting the „mystic theology” described by St. Theresa of the Infant Jesus, St. John of the Cross or St. Ignatius of Loyola in contemporary religious paintings
How Might Adam Smith Pay Professors Today?
No full textAdam Smith’s proposal for paying professors was intended to induce increased faculty knowledge. If students have imperfect information about what they learn, and universities can only imperfectly measure the input of faculty time in student learning, publications may be used to measure faculty knowledge. If professors’ ability to publish is positively related to their ability to produce student learning, which universities can imperfectly measure, publications may be necessary to attract more able professors. Since research signals faculty knowledge, schools that do not value publications per se could require higher publication standards and pay higher wages than schools that value only publications.
ADAM SMITH'S VIEW OF HISTORY: CONSISTENT OR PARADOXICAL?
No full textThe conventional interpretation of Adam Smith is that he is a prophet of commercialism. The liberal capitalist reading of Smith is consistent with the view that history culminates in commercial society. The first part of the article develops this optimistic interpretation of Smith's view of history. Smith implies that commercial society is the end of history because 1) it supplies the ends of nature that he identifies; 2) it is inevitable; and 3) it is permanent. The second part of the article shows that Smith has some dark moments in his writings where he seems to reject completely such teleological notions. In this more civic humanist mood he confesses that commercial society does not supply the ends of nature, nor is it inevitable, nor is it permanent. Both views exist in Smith and the commentator is forced to choose between passages in Smith's work in order to support a particular interpretation of the former's view of history.Political Economy,
The figure of the Good Thief in the latest work of Maciej Zychowicz and Adam Brincken
No full textTekst w skróconej wersji został opublikowany przez autora jako: „Dziś będziesz ze Mną w raju. Najnowsza realizacja artystyczna Macieja Zychowicza i Adama Brinckena do słów Chrystusa na krzyżu”, „Wiadomości ASP” 85, 2019, s. 94–97 (przyp. red.).
Translated by Monika Mazurek.„Dziś będziesz ze Mną w raju” (Łk 23, 43) – słowa Chrystusa skierowane do jednego z ukrzyżowanych z Nim łotrów stały się tematem najnowszej realizacji wykonanej przez krakowski zespół artystów pod kierownictwem malarza Adama Brinckena i rzeźbiarza Macieja Zychowicza. Jesienią roku 2017 wykonali oni dekorację prezbiterium kościoła pw. św. Kazimierza w Bilczy koło Kielc wyobrażającą rozmowę Ukrzyżowanego z Dobrym Łotrem. Na wyposażenie składają się monumentalna grupa rzeźbiarska ukazująca Golgotę, ograniczona malarską formą przypominającą kształt pojedynczej steli, a także abstrakcyjny witraż ulokowany w niewielkim otworze okiennym (wyk. Krystyna i Bogusław Szczekan, Pracownia Artystyczna Witraży). Artykuł omawia oryginalnie zinterpretowany schemat ikonograficzny: dwa motywy, łączące się integralnie z przesłaniem słów Chrystusa – odpuszczeniem grzechów i obietnicą zbawienia. W świetle emanującym od Zbawiciela oraz w kontekście zapowiedzi zmartwychwstania ciał należy postrzegać pełnoplastycznie oddane partie ciała Dobrego Łotra. Natomiast wizerunek Chrystusa, wbrew chronologii narracji ewangelicznej, odczytywać trzeba jako Ukrzyżowanego i jednocześnie Zmartwychwstałego, gdyż Jego ciało nie nosi śladów cienia śmierci. Analizie poddano formalną stronę dekoracji malarsko- rzeźbiarskiej na tle innych tego rodzaju przedstawień pasyjnych i typów Dobrego Łotra. Dzieło Brinckena i Zychowicza zaprezentowano w kontekście wcześniejszych tego typu realizacji sakralnych. Pascha Chrystusa, rozumiana jako jedność wydarzeń Jego męki, śmierci i zmartwychwstania, związana ściśle z najistotniejszym dokonaniem Vaticanum II – odnową liturgiczną – była kilkakrotnie tematem wiodącym w pracach artystów. W żadnej jednak z nich nie wybrzmiały słowa Zbawiciela skierowane do Dobrego Łotra. W Bilczy stały się one tematem przewodnim, stanowiąc niejako echo dla wielu współczesnych refleksji obejmujących problematykę Miłosierdzia Bożego.“Today you will be with me in Paradise” (Luke 23:43) – these words of Christ addressed to one of the thieves crucified with him became the subject of the latest project created by a Kraków-based team of artists led by the painter Adam Brincken and sculptor Maciej Zychowicz. In the autumn of 2017, they decorated the chancel of St. Casimir’s Church in Bilcza near Kielce, depicting a conversation between the Crucified and the Good Thief. The interior decoration consists of a monumental sculptural group depicting Golgotha, framed by a painted form resembling the shape of a single stele, as well as an abstract stained-glass window in a small window opening (made by Krystyna and Bogusław Szczekan, Pracownia Artystyczna Witraży). The article discusses an originally interpreted iconographic scheme: two motifs, integrally connected with the message of Christ – the forgiveness of sins and the promise of salvation. The fully rendered parts of the body of the Good Thief should be seen in the light emanating from the Saviour and in the context of the announcement of the resurrection of bodies. Contrary to the chronology of the evangelical narrative, the image of Christ must be read as the Crucified and at the same time Risen One, because his body does not bear traces of the shadow of death. The formal aspect of the painting and sculptural decoration was analyzed with regard to other such representations of the Passion and types of the Good Thief. The work by Brincken and Zychowicz has been presented in the context of earlier sacred works of this type. The Passover of Christ, defined as the unity of the events of his Passion, death and resurrection, closely related to the most important achievement of Vatican II – liturgical renewal – had been the leading theme in the works of the artists on several occasions. However, neither of them had engaged with the Saviour’s words addressed to the Good Thief. In Bilcza they became the leading theme, in a way responding to numerous contemporary reflections on the subject of Divine Mercy
Mistyka hiszpańska na gruncie malarstwa Akademii Sztuk Pięknych w Krakowie przełomu XX i XXI wieku
No full textDuring the last two decades the works of teachers from the Painting Department of the Academy of Fine Arts in Krakow: Grzegorz Bednarski, Katarzyna Makieła-Organisty, Janusz Matuszewski, Mirosław Sikorski, Edyta Sobieraj, Zbigniew Sprycha or Wojciech Szybist reveal traces of inspiration by the Spanish Golden Age. In this respect, paintings by Krakow artists stand out against other works of contemporary art both in Poland and globally. Their art should be discussed in the context of early modern meditatio mortis and tenebristic „baroqueism”, to which the artists themselves readily admit. The point of departure (frequently referred to as homage) are mystic visions, portraits by El Greco, Francisco de Zurbarán’s bodegóns or eschatological „death hieroglyphics” by Juan de Valdés Léal. References to works by the Iberian masters are accompanied by links to Carmelite writings or Jesuit mystics. Formal and ideological analysis also allows us to ask a question of the possibility of presenting the „mystic theology” described by St. Theresa of the Infant Jesus, St. John of the Cross or St. Ignatius of Loyola in contemporary religious paintings.W ciągu ostatnich dwóch dekad w twórczości pedagogów Wydziału Malarstwa Akademii Sztuk Pięknych w Krakowie – Grzegorza Bednarskiego, Katarzyny Makieły-Organisty, Janusza Matuszewskiego, Mirosława Sikorskiego, Edyty Sobieraj, Zbigniewa Sprychy czy Wojciecha Szybista – widoczne są inspiracje hiszpańskim malarstwem Złotego Wieku. Obrazy krakowskich malarzy wyróżniają się na tle współczesnej sztuki zarówno na gruncie polskim, jak i światowym. Ich płótna omawiać należy w kontekście nowożytnego meditatio mortis oraz tenebrystycznego „barokizmu”, do czego chętnie przyznają się sami artyści. Punktem wyjścia są (niejednokrotnie tytułowane jako homagium) wizje mistyczne, konterfekty pędzla El Greca, bodegony Francisco de Zurbarána czy eschatologiczne „hieroglify śmierci” Juana de Valdés Léala. Odwołaniom do dzieł mistrzów Półwyspu Iberyjskiego towarzyszą odniesienia do pism karmelitańskich czy jezuickich mistyków. Analiza nie tylko od strony formalnej, ale także ideowej pozwala zadać pytanie o możliwość obrazowania we współczesnym malarstwie o charakterze religijnym „teologii mistycznej”, opisanej przez św. Teresę od Jezusa, św. Jana od Krzyża czy św. Ignacego Loyoli
Adam Smith and Roman Servitudes
No full textThis essay is a preprint of an article that appeared at: Tijdschrift voor Rechstsgeschiedenis, 72 (2004), 327–57.This essay discusses Adam Smith historical jurisprudence and his use of Roman law materials in his Lectures on Jurisprudence. It argues that Smith found it difficult to maintain his theory of legal development in the face of a highly developed body of Roman law literature
[Rezension von:] Organisty, Adam: Wokól Wita Stwosza = Around Veit Stoss : katalog wystawy w Muzeum Narodowym w Krakowie. - Krakow, 2005
No full textTHE THEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION OF ADAM SMITH'S WORK
No full textThe paper will discuss the theological foundation to Smith's writings. Teleology, final causes and divine design were initially seen as central to understanding Smith's writings. Over time, this view fell out of fashion. In the period after World War II, with the rise of positivism, commentators tended to overlook or downplay this interpretation. In the last decade, or so, teleology has started to be restored to its former position as an essential element in understanding Smith. After spelling out Smith's teleology and his view of final causes, divine design and the ends of nature, we try to explain the Panglossian nature of the 'new theistic view' of Smith. While our view differs somewhat, we agree with the essence of the 'new view' claim: a theological view exists in Smith which underpins his moral and economic theories.Political Economy,
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