1,720,956 research outputs found
Taxonomy and phylogenetics of fish blood flukes using morphology, life history, and molecular markers
Full text linkFish blood flukes (Digenea: Aporocotylidae) are of rapidly progressing and emerging interest to ecology and evolutionary biologists because some lineages may have coevolved with the major lineages of non-tetrapod vertebrates (= “fishes”). They are relevant to medical researchers because they are the putative immediate ancestors to the blood flukes that cause schistosomiasis (Schistosomatidae), a disease that debilitates millions of people annually. Aquaculture industry personnel regard them as pathogens of high-value fishes in marine aquaculture operations. Taxonomists are interested in them as well because the rate of new species discovery is proportionally high relative to that of other fish trematode groups. Yet, ambiguity regarding fish blood fluke interrelationships obstructs a deeper understanding of the evolutionary origins of flatworm parasitism in craniates, including the origin of schistosomes. In order to address this issue, in my Ph.D. dissertation research, I have employed alpha taxonomy and molecular phylogenetics approaches to explore the taxonomic diversity of fish blood flukes that infect underexplored hosts and generate the most comprehensive phylogeny of Schistosomatoidea sensu lato to date. This work has resulted in publications in the Journal of Parasitology, and Folia Parasitologica comprising the taxonomic characterization of 6 new species of fish blood flukes of 4 genera (i.e., Hyperandrotrema walterboegeri Orélis-Ribeiro and Bullard, 2013 n. sp., Plehniella sabajperezi Orélis-Ribeiro and Bullard, 2015 n. sp., Plehniella armbrusteri Orélis-Ribeiro and Bullard, 2015 n. sp, Cladocaecum tomasscholzi Orélis-Ribeiro and Bullard, 2016 n. gen., n. sp., Elopicola n. sp. 1, and Elopicola n. sp. 2), emended diagnosis of 3 of those genera, and re-description plus erection of a new genus (Kritsky platyrhynchi [Guidelli, Isaac, and Pavanelli, 2002] Orélis-Ribeiro and Bullard n. gen., n. comb.). The specimens described herein were derived from a wide taxonomic scope of fish hosts that included a lamniform shark (shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus [Rafinesque]), pimelodid catfishes (long-whiskered catfishes, Pimelodus albofasciatus [Mees], Pimelodus blochii [Valenciennes], Pimelodus grosskopfii [Steindachner]), Hemisorubim platyrhynchos [Valenciennes]), an auchenipterid catfish (driftwood catfish (Ageneiosus inermis [Linnaeus]), and elopiform fishes (Hawaiian ladyfish, Elops hawaiensis [Reagan], and tarpon, Megalops atlanticus [Valenciennes]). Fishes were also collected from diverse sites throughout South and North America, and Asia. Additionally, my collaborators and I published in Advances of Parasitology a synoptic review of all published molecular studies (life history, taxonomy, phylogeny) and summarized all GenBank sequences and primer sets for the fish blood flukes. Further, I lead the analysis of new and all available sequence data for the partial D1–D2 domains of 28S rDNA from 83 blood fluke taxa, and explored the evolutionary expansion of flatworm parasitism in the blood of craniates. In the last chapter of my Ph.D. dissertation research, my collaborators and I substantially improved this previous phylogeny by targeting a denser taxon sampling among underexplored blood fluke lineages that infect chondrichthyan and actinopterygian hosts, and using a combination of 2 nuclear ribosomal genes (18S and 28S rDNA). Based on a dataset that comprises 97 blood fluke taxa, the resultant tree
topologies represented the most well-resolved, large-scale phylogeny of blood flukes to date. Although no significant novel relationships were recovered among tetrapod blood flukes (“spirorchiids” and schistosomes), our phylogenetic trees provided meaningful insights about the evolution of fish blood flukes. This is the first phylogenic reconstruction that tested and supported monophyly of chondrichthyan, elopiform, and otophysan blood flukes. The earliest-branching monophyletic group sister to the remaining fish blood flukes comprised an acipenseriform blood fluke, Acipensericola petersoni, plus all chondrichthyan blood flukes. This clade was recovered sister to elopiform blood flukes that, in turn, were sister to a clade comprising blood flukes that infect otophysan plus neoteleost fishes. Such branching order matches that of their hosts. In the context of Schistosomatoidea sensu lato, these results support the notion that blood flukes exhibit co-phyly with their craniate hosts
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
