8 research outputs found
Identification of Cuproptosis-Associated Prognostic Gene Expression Signatures from 20 Tumor Types
No full textWe investigated the mRNA expression of 124 cuproptosis-associated genes in 7489 biopsies from 20 different tumor types of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The KM plotter algorithm has been used to calculate Kaplan–Meier statistics and false discovery rate (FDR) corrections. Interaction networks have been generated using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). High mRNA expression of 63 out of 124 genes significantly correlated with shorter survival times of cancer patients across all 20 tumor types. IPA analyses revealed that their gene products were interconnected in canonical pathways (e.g., cancer, cell death, cell cycle, cell signaling). Four tumor entities showed a higher accumulation of genes than the other cancer types, i.e., renal clear cell carcinoma (n = 21), renal papillary carcinoma (n = 13), kidney hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 13), and lung adenocarcinoma (n = 9). These gene clusters may serve as prognostic signatures for patient survival. These signatures were also of prognostic value for tumors with high mutational rates and neoantigen loads. Cuproptosis is of prognostic significance for the survival of cancer patients. The identification of specific gene signatures deserves further exploration for their clinical utility in routine diagnostics
The Second Generation: Ednah Dow Cheney Carries Margaret Fuller\u27s Feminist Transcendentalism into the Early Progressive Era
No full textoai:journals.psu.edu:article/59125In the nineteenth century, the Transcendentalist and women\u27s movements combined to alter the discussion on the politics of womanhood, developing creative space for progressive individuals to actively make change in the expansion of human rights. Ednah Dow Cheney, a young widow and single mother in the mid1850s, merged the spirit of Transcendentalism that she inherited from her family and friends and her burgeoning passion for social activism to become a dedicated public servant. An early attendee of the Conversations of Margaret Fuller, author of Woman in the Nineteenth Century and a pioneer in the field of feminist Transcendentalism, Cheney borrowed Fuller\u27s radical ideas and translated them into real action. Throughout the second half of the 1850s and into the early twentieth century, Cheney founded the New England School of Design and the New England Women\u27s Club and managed the New England Hospital for Women and Children, the Boston Education Commission of the Freedmen\u27s Aid Society, and lectured for the New England Suffrage Association and the Concord School of Philosophy. More significantly, she continued through the century to become a feminist intellectual in Fuller\u27s vein
Predictive and Prognostic Relevance of ABC Transporters for Resistance to Anthracycline Derivatives
No full textAnthracyclines have been clinically well established in cancer chemotherapy for decades. The main limitations of this drug class are the development of resistance and severe side effects. In the present investigation, we analyzed 30 anthracyclines in a panel of 59 cell lines of the National Cancer Institute, USA. The log10IC50 values varied from −10.49 M (3′-deamino-3′-(4″-(3″-cyano)morpholinyl)-doxorubicin, 1) to −4.93 M (N,N-dibenzyldaunorubicin hydrochloride, 30). Multidrug-resistant NCI-ADR-Res ovarian cancer cells revealed a high degree of resistance to established anthracyclines (between 18-fold to idarubicin (4) and 166-fold to doxorubicin (13) compared to parental, drug-sensitive OVCAR8 cells). The resistant cells displayed only low degrees of resistance (1- to 5-fold) to four other anthracyclines (7, 18, 28, 30) and were even hypersensitive (collaterally sensitive) to two compounds (1, 26). Live cell time-lapse microscopy proved the cross-resistance of the three chosen anthracyclines (4, 7, 9) on sensitive CCRF/CEM and multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 cells. Structure–activity relationships showed that the presence of tertiary amino functions is helpful in avoiding resistance, while primary amines rather increased resistance development. An α-aminonitrile function as in compound 1 was favorable. Investigating the mRNA expression of 49 ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes showed that ABCB1/MDR1 encoding P-glycoprotein was the most important one for acquired and inherent resistance to anthracyclines. Molecular docking demonstrated that all anthracyclines bound to the same binding domain at the inner efflux channel side of P-glycoprotein with high binding affinities. Kaplan–Meier statistics of RNA sequencing data of more than 8000 tumor biopsies of TCGA database revealed that out of 23 tumor entities high ABCB1 expression was significantly correlated with worse survival times for acute myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma, and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. This indicates that ABCB1 may serve as a prognostic marker in anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimens in these tumor types and a target for the development of novel anthracycline derivatives
The CINAMR (Clinical Information Network-Antimicrobial Resistance) Project: A pilot microbial surveillance using hospitals linked to regional laboratories in Kenya: Study Protocol [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]
No full textBackground: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat and is thought to be acute in low-and middle-income country (LMIC) settings, including in Kenya, but there is limited unbiased surveillance that can provide reliable estimates of its burden. Current efforts to build capacity for microbiology testing in Kenya are unlikely to result in systematic routine microbiological testing in the near term. Therefore, there is little prospect for microbiological support to inform clinical diagnoses nor for indicating the burden of AMR and for guiding empirical choice of antibiotics. Objective: We aim to build on an existing collaboration, the Clinical Information Network (CIN), to pilot microbiological surveillance using a ‘hub-and-spoke’ model where selected hospitals are linked to high quality microbiology research laboratories. Methods: Children admitted to paediatric wards of 12 participating hospitals will have a sample taken for blood culture at admission before antibiotics are started. Indication for blood culture will be a clinician’s prescription of antibiotics. Samples will then be transported daily to the research laboratories for culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing and results relayed back to clinicians for patient management. The surveillance will take place for 6 months in each hospital. Separately, we shall conduct semi-structured interviews with frontline health workers to explore the feasibility and utility of this approach. We will also seek to understand how the availability of microbiology results might inform antibiotic stewardship, and as an interim step to the development of better national or regional laboratories linked to routine surveillance. Conclusions: If feasible, this approach is less costly and periodic ‘hub-and-spoke’ surveillance can be used to track AMR trends and to broadly guide empirical antibiotic guidance meaning it is likely to be more sustainable than establishing functional microbiological facilities in each hospital in a LMIC setting
Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019 : a systematic analysis
No full textAbstract: Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a major threat to human health around the world. Previous publications have estimated the effect of AMR on incidence, deaths, hospital length of stay, and health-care costs for specific pathogen-drug combinations in select locations. To our knowledge, this study presents the most comprehensive estimates of AMR burden to date. Methods We estimated deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to and associated with bacterial AMR for 23 pathogens and 88 pathogen-drug combinations in 204 countries and territories in 2019. We obtained data from systematic literature reviews, hospital systems, surveillance systems, and other sources, covering 471 million individual records or isolates and 7585 study-location-years. We used predictive statistical modelling to produce estimates of AMR burden for all locations, including for locations with no data. Our approach can be divided into five broad components: number of deaths where infection played a role, proportion of infectious deaths attributable to a given infectious syndrome, proportion of infectious syndrome deaths attributable to a given pathogen, the percentage of a given pathogen resistant to an antibiotic of interest, and the excess risk of death or duration of an infection associated with this resistance. Using these components, we estimated disease burden based on two counterfactuals: deaths attributable to AMR (based on an alternative scenario in which all drug-resistant infections were replaced by drug-susceptible infections), and deaths associated with AMR (based on an alternative scenario in which all drug-resistant infections were replaced by no infection). We generated 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for final estimates as the 25th and 975th ordered values across 1000 posterior draws, and models were cross-validated for out-of-sample predictive validity. We present final estimates aggregated to the global and regional level. Findings On the basis of our predictive statistical models, there were an estimated 4.95 million (3.62-6.57) deaths associated with bacterial AMR in 2019, including 1.27 million (95% UI 0.911-1.71) deaths attributable to bacterial AMR. At the regional level, we estimated the all-age death rate attributable to resistance to be highest in western subSaharan Africa, at 27.3 deaths per 100 000 (20.9-35.3), and lowest in Australasia, at 6.5 deaths (4.3-9.4) per 100 000. Lower respiratory infections accounted for more than 1.5 million deaths associated with resistance in 2019, making it the most burdensome infectious syndrome. The six leading pathogens for deaths associated with resistance (Escherichia coli, followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were responsible for 929 000 (660 000-1 270 000) deaths attributable to AMR and 3.57 million (2.62-4.78) deaths associated with AMR in 2019. One pathogen-drug combination, meticillin-resistant S aureus, caused more than 100 000 deaths attributable to AMR in 2019, while six more each caused 50 000-100 000 deaths: multidrug-resistant excluding extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E coli, carbapenem-resistant A baumannii, fluoroquinolone-resistant E coli, carbapenem-resistant K pneumoniae, and third-generation cephalosporin-resistant K pneumoniae. Interpretation To our knowledge, this study provides the first comprehensive assessment of the global burden of AMR, as well as an evaluation of the availability of data. AMR is a leading cause of death around the world, with the highest burdens in low-resource settings. Understanding the burden of AMR and the leading pathogen-drug combinations contributing to it is crucial to making informed and location-specific policy decisions, particularly about infection prevention and control programmes, access to essential antibiotics, and research and development of new vaccines and antibiotics. There are serious data gaps in many low-income settings, emphasising the need to expand microbiology laboratory capacity and data collection systems to improve our understanding of this important human health threat. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd
0003
No full text.AGE POUR
DAILY PAI-Q AI.TO TIMES. SATURDAY, JULY I, 1916.
9atl_ paio Blto ctmce
TIMES PL'tlI.I3IUNG COMPANY.
Ba*_r*_ at lh* l*_a*.«aWr. P.lo AIM. Cal'
__•___* U M_OBsl <ltH BllUr. ^^
MAIL SUBKtlFTION BATE.
(Ps.aJ>le in m-l.mt.ee ,
Doaa.uk Utt*
Yost
M-wths
Wm-ji
ADDITIONAL LOCALS
=51 j W. H
I 'the Boot
ALS ■'•bi"' "
I 'tlon.
Set!Dinger, aa employs off
southern Paclfle, loft with blsj
todsy for a two weeks' vaca-i
Palo Alto Calendar
Hatur&ay, 1st
W. H. Haley and family, who hav.; W O. Horabin today aottoowl.] ntnd font#rt> x.t|T- goM Bsnd
been living at 4-.fi Channing avenue.j,,,!,.^ rw.eiPt of a »5 contribution! Urf-.M itre#t snd University avenue.
g
■:::;:: fe5
moved to San llruno today.
, from Mrs. A. E.
'Company I. fund.
Roulller for the!
K p. m.
Mm
VY.es.
A.I-'.-'
TIMKS.
f lla ,Mnt .
to TIIK IfAlU
Alio o» SU-ifi'd wop.r anywhere in It.
....J *>lkitMt_ THK TISIKS {• aot rMyoo
___tl* tm lhe o.4ni..t._ ol ruf re»t-m«-_ll_ A*
tmelr* matt be ai«tvJ by •**« "<»■ rum* ol t -
• ._./.. not for ruVscat*.*, but a* a *uaranif.
•f *'■"-* faun. N'Mbinf '■( a tcaS—llsw *
_ Xtmelou* *i*ta*r will W p-*--****,
SATl'RDAY. JULY 1.
Frank Cramer, a member of the * * * Hnadny, 2d
I'alo AUo city council. Is In WUIowsj y/*n p Jt McEvoy and dsughter All Saint* Church—Second Sun-
on business. j Genevieve of Menlo Park went to! day after Trinity: II «• m., holy
[Oakland today and wlll attend the['<»tnniunlon and sermon; 4:30. ev.n-
W. H. Winn-and family left today; ceremony of reception tomorrow ln[ing *ong. The Hev. Dr. Hitchcock
for SanU Crui. where tbey will! the Churrh of the Noviatlate tajwUl officiate at both services. There
spend lhelr varatlon. Prultvalc. when Mrs. McEvoy's niece,! *-■■ be no early communion.
• • • JMIss Esther Hnldwln. will rneeivej Congregational Church — Morn
Morrison and family went i''* Vf" ■M heeotne a nun. Inr service will follow the Bible
• • • s-hool session. Tbe pastor wlll give
_ „ _ .!« brief sermon whlrh will bo foi
K. E. Warren, an employe
For Sal* or Bent—7-rooto cottage.;.
furnished, near tarllne. ttt Add.'
aon aveaue. 7-1-8t j
It.
PROrKSSiuNA'
POR BUPKBVIfOn
1 iiu. DUtrirl, Santa Clara
Oounly
CHAS. P. COOLEY
Primary atoflttOB Aug. _t», UHll
to Mount Hermon this morning forj
their annual summer outing
. . * I ' ' ' ' lowed by the reception of members
"* .Cashol llrotbers of this city, wont ont ... *__.._._____ «_. „.„■„
tl 1. !».._,.__.. _____ tm-m.tt-. imt* earn ' . ;1'" the < Otll H) II tl UlH NO .tenlng
B. P. I-auslen and fafnlly left on Mtk vacation two weeks ago and has
the B IS train this morning for thej i-.H- returned, bringing with bin a
coast. j bride, wbo was Miss Elisabeth Boer-
• •■• *ema of I_os Angeles. They havs,
J. E. Fay of Mayfleld today moved! ,,Urchaaed a home al Um Altos.j
Oakland.U-here they will reside.
out
For Sale- Babbits cheap. Apply
after 6 p. m. or Sundays at 6_6 Homer avenne. C*26*twk*
~FoT Sale New carriage and harness,
cheap. Apply 639 University avenue.
6-_i6 6t
For Sale—New G-room bungalow:
easy terms Inquire 811 Bryant
street, mornings only. C-lS-tf
For RtBt-tCompleuly furnished
'.-room bungalow, desirable neighborhood, lnqulr. 846 Bryant straet.
For Rent—Modern apia-.*»niple*o
ly furnished; quiet, no children. Tha
Lytton, 481 Lytton ave. Phono IIIX
For Rent—Furnished bnngaJow.
sleeping porch, garage and servant*'
boose. Itt Bryant at. Pbone «8IK.
8-7-tf
for Rent—AutomobUe space 1
«3l High straet. t-l-tt
household goods to
. be will reside.
Hn
Brfgga
Iii lag- snd Mia,
t this morning f
Florence
r Denver
Ine Kiraber School of Music
Mrs. Clar» E. Kimbcr, direct**!-.
• ir. ulnr on application.
rttotn SiuJiii. v . u>t appoWavam
H. A. Alderton wlll leave Monday
for Carmel for a few weeks' stay :
Mrs. Alderlon wlll go to Carmel
Inter.
ervlce. Mr. Preston will preach .it
he Methodist Episcopal Cburch a
:i6.
Christian Cburco—Comer Fior
BOO snd Lytton. Bible School at
.46 a. ni Charles Moser. superintendent. Preaching and rommunlon
The tenth annual summer sessions! *ervle» at 11; the Rev. Albert Par-
of the Mount Hermon Federated-iter will be In the pulpit, his subject
Baboo! oi Missions will be beld Ini being -\ (*sll to Courage"; solo,
ihe Santa Crux mountains from Julvlcome Unto Me" (Coetnen). by
I? to |fl. The leithook* for tbe ..-'.■■■ Floyd Mercer. Evening. Illus-
sion are "The Two Ame*-|___a" and 1 rated lecture at 8 o'clock. "Swlt-
"World Missions and World Peace. ,-. rland of America." 110 beautiful
Mrs. H. L. Hill of New York wlU he rlevi In travelogue, by Rev ~*barlee
the teacher directing tbe textbooks Albert Parker; Illustrated song.;
studies Mrs. Lewis A. Pier of Palo My Mothers Bible.' sung by Mrs
For Sala—Five-room cement bungalow, near earllne; young frnlt
Price reasonable 3": Fulton st.
«-S»-tf
LOST
R. |MNl>._L!--*HAm BPSOAUflT
Pupil of Dr. E. E. McLean an!
agent for her preparations.
MANICURE SERVICE for ladlei
■nd gentlemen. 106 University ave.
Room 1. i'i 1..in- .Mnl
Mr. and Mrs. Van Branham and'""*'"'*' •","* -•"»■—; • "• **" """l "**' *"" *
little granddaughter. Agne. G.r. Alto will conduct the morning BIbUUllU.m Couch.
nett all of Willow., visited I_ool*!*lud.*r; ,n lhe •■"«>"« ,h»r« «• »° Cbureh of 8t Thomas ^qotna.
Itenolt and wife yesterdsy.
FRUIT TREES
Orange sod lemon. Every*
thing you want for tlie gardes*..
PALO ALT*) NURSERY
tWO Palo Alto Avenue.
F. It. Mills. Pbone 001
Mr. nui Un William Cranston
and family have returned 'rom a
month's trip tn 1. ,V-■ Tahoe. Ur.
CraiiKion was back st his desk
11 tt-tin today at the University Realty
Company.
* • o
Mrs. Mary M. Coolldge and daughter Blanche are leaving for Santa
Crag, where they will spend a
month's vacation.
DICY A. BAUOrl
Notary Public
257 University Ave.
A L. Jewett. driver for
son's tail, took hla family
Big Basin today for a two week
outing.
Robinson,
Francisco,
Masonic
MRS. M Will CAMRRON
Hair Specialist
Shampooing, Manicuring. Hair
Dying. Henna Tack
Hair Ooods
P.A. 230—210 University Avo
THE Ht'MMKK SESSION OF
The
Kimbcr School
of Music
WILL in: 111.lh DURING
THE MONTH OK JULY, l»l«.
In the (lymnaslum of the Castilleja School. Application for
membership In the Teachers'
Training Class should be made
Immediately to Mrs. Klmber,
I'hone 769. Each Mudent In
the Teachers' clas* will be expected to practice two hours
per day. There will be given
also an opportunity for practice leaching.
The books and music required for the courso should
be purchssed before tbe first
week In July.
At the end of lbe session a
recital will bo given.
Visitors wlll not be admitted to tbe classroom.
The funeral of C. P,
pioneer attorney of San
wns beld tbls afternoon
Temple In that city
had a number off friends lu Palo
Alto, and his daughter. Ednah Aiken
the novelist, resides at l.->- Alios.
He wns a prominent figure In San
Krnnclsco and In Masonic circles.
Miss France*! Morrill entertained
ten couple*- last evening al a barbecue Ht ber home In Atherton last
evening. The latter part of the
evening was Iponl In dancing
Many Palo Allo people went to
San Jose todsy lo attend the roundup. Indications are that San Jot>c
will have record crowds during the
four-da*, celebration.
II Isn't often that the first of
July Is introduced with a abffwsT of
rain, hut lhat is what bappMOd tWi
morning. Shortly after *• o'clock
rain began falling and continued
nrorml minutes. Then the clouds
parted and the sun came out There
was uot enough ruin to men wtt re In
the total gauge.
Mrs. Julia Henry, after a rial) of
several months tn Llvermore, returned home yesterday, arcompa-
nled by ber nlere. Alma llenrv. who
will upend her vacation here
lie Illustrated lectures dealing with; Waverley street, corner Homer sve-
: 1K>pular themes, and programs of nue Farly mass, 8 a. m.. followed
11111 it ic ha vo-been arranged. [immediately by Sunday School- Lata
• • • Imass with mualc. 10:20 a. m. Even*
The Palo Alto city oconcll will 'n« d««"ons. Instruction and Bene-
n.eet tonight to elect the dty 0l.J-I"l»on of Blessed Sacrament. 7:80
eors for the ensuing year. It Is ro-|" m* Dall*r •"■"• 7 ** m Coa'o»-
porled that Mayor Swain wlll not1 ■!«■ •*>•■"* Saturday 4 and 7:30 p.0.
accept another term, and In that, |*»«t Church of Christ. Scientist—
case a successor wlll be chosen from; Masonic Temple. Sunday School,
among the fifteen councilman. Tbe -* 30 *■ m- Subject Tor 11 u. tn..
city clerk, ciiv auditor, treasurer, 1' Ood."
city attorney and police Judge will; The Christian Science reading
all be appointed, and Indications room at 417 Alma street is open
are tbat the present IncumbenU wlll .'"ally except Sundays and legal holl-
all be reappointed. aya from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m — ABrt.
• • • Presbyterian Church ~ltev. Wal-
Mlas Ethel McEvoy and Mlas Mar- "r »'»>'«• pastor. Sabbath School
garet Roche, two well-known women '• ** *• "» Preaching aervlce at 11.
hikers of Menlo Park, left Coogre_s[ Subject of *ermon. "True Amerlcan-j
Springs early this morning In an at-|*',m * There wlll be no evening
tempt to break the walking record -ervlre during July.
Mr Itoblnaoa between that point and Santa Cnu. ''»'0 A*-° Truth Center—Ramona
came down to Palo Alto onj Hall. Subject. 'The Inner Mtt.**
Thorn
to the
For Rent—Completely furnlsbod
7-room house with basement. Vacant
July 15. «• University avenue.
MMa*
l~For Rent—Two Urge,'sonny front
- ' rooms, one with piano, nouiekecping,
Un-t- Fountain pen at or near ■■ ,je,jre<i. 115 Everett Ave. ft-ao-Ct^
postofflce. fastener and "mall calen- __ —- ■ —
dar attached. Hnder pleas, rrturn Kor Rent-«-room furnUbed bona*
to Time, office. Reward. 7-l-« , w Ith sleeping Porch, 418 Ramona
street. Apply B. O. Allan. .-1-*'
For Ilent Six-room turnbibed
bouse in outskirts of Palo Alto. Address P. O. Bon 175. Phone «87.
7-l-«U*
I —
! For Rent— «-room cottage wltb
: sleeping poreb. garage., Urge lot.
! fruit trees. :** Hawthorne ava. Rent
-1_ _ per month. See A. J- Engle, 111
. i'nlverslty avenue. 8-18-St
Mrs William Walla
> Asilomar. where she
e has gone
wlll he for
the 1; us train last evening, accompanied by a crowd of Vrlends. and
took the Peninsular car here for
Congress Springs, where they stayed
last night. They were both dressed
in regulation hiking outfits, Miss
Roche's suit being tan. and Mlas
McEvoy's green. Tbey expect to
rot urn Monday.
• • •
Mra. A. F. Rlsllng. Mrs Bert Rlsllng. Miss llsttle Payne. Mrs. Joseph
A. TalT. Mrs. J. A. Harvie, Mrs. C.
Bolllnftr nnd Mrs William 11. Rates
and son WlUlum have returned from
Sarrumento. where they vb>lted t'om-
l-any L of Palo Alto at the ramping
grounds. They came away feeling
much happier because of the hnppl-
ueas which Is radiating from th.
members of the company. The boys
are all anxious to go to the ftuiil.
and were envloua of the second Infantry when lt pulled out Friday.
One or the feulures of the camp Is
the excellent food whlcb the men
are served. Jack Wayne of San
FrsnrlHco has msde a great hit ul
a conk, and Mra. Rlsllng, who ate
MVoml meals at the camp, declared
that everything was well cooked and
well seasoned. "It was Just like
home cooking." she declsred. The!
men spend jjie evenings singing,
songs, and lira. Rlsllng states
Special Music.
: 'iti p. tn.
Monday, Sd
Palo Alio Truth Center at 451
Channing avenue; subject. "Cosmic
Consciousness. 3 p. m. No evening
service.
I tun-il... . -tllll
Palo Alio Truth Center. Ramona
Hall, 8 p. ra. ,
ten days, and from there she will go that tB,ir*B »r'' •*»■'• •*,>0,- volcM ln
the company. The men were all
DEATH
VALLEY
See ou. Florence
Street window
EAGLE DRUG CO.
The Saniox Store
Masonic Temple BldR.
I
to Psclflc Grove. Mrs. Wallace will
lie nt the latter plaee for a month
nnd n half.
• • •
Miss Irene < J roves tetiirned home
this week on the Shlnyo Maru from
a four months' trip lo Manila, Sh-
wax the guAl or Mi. and Mrs. A. H.
Wells.
ver> thankful for the kits which the
women of (Palo Alto made Ior them,
uiul which were delivered to them
by Mrs Edward llraunschwelg.
Process of Cremation.
The process of cremation U as foi
lows: Tbe casket la towered Into the
Incinerating room Tbe metal handler
Professor Jefferson Elmore and!
wife moved some of their household,1111-1 n,m* Plate are removed, snd It ia
furnlturo to East Oakland todnv.t W*t Into the retort. The heat Is so in
where thoy will reside for the next l*-"-"* tln,t *n*r * few hoan •»>» th''
six months. Proressor Elmore |.|"nM ot tne *»P" remain, all else. In
eluding the structure or tbe cssket.
having disappeared In light ash ur gas
sous products. Tbe casket screws and I gg_-M botUl
oalla are removed by a magnet, sud j ,jle. TViputtM
on a sabbatical leave rrom the unl-;
verslty until Christmas.
W. I). Wasson. Palo Alto real ea-' ,
,_. .. . ' about four ounces of pure ash 1 .-i,....,
tale man. waa among those ahsj TTnrToitTI_lM
were arrested Sunda> on the new
I_a Hondo grade ror not blowing bis' War Tislllit Invented,
horn. There were several other War taxation, like everything elr«e,
Pnlo Alto men among tho contingent b*d to be Invented. Tbe king who
of fifty who wore caught In the net ar"t tbo,,«1** of »» l" Knglaud was
"-iry II. Instead of asking his bar-
TIMKS i..i-n ..-1 for toiitotrow
I*r i.ia.il.t-. aotiwHtial i Itunh or tiir«at
enlng.
Teaiprrature yewterday, Jane __0:
>ta«lnium 70 ta year ago 72), mini-'
11111111 AO in 11 >i- ago ."•."• 1.
Oli-erv-ttl.iii- at H a. m. i.«_it
were: llaninteter :in n.t In. I.. -, ih,--.
monieter OO iletcre*—-. hygT.itoe.er K7
prr irni, wratheT threalefklag. wind
•Mt-uthweaM.
One center of depi*e*«-litn w*as In
Nevacbi ami another In Manitoba!
Ihla morning, but aa the hlgheat
l>r«_Mure of air U between Han latl*
iilil-im and I_m Angeles'. somrwiiMl,
1 imiil. or threatening weatlter may'
otrtaln here lontorrow. Up to 1|
o'rltN-k tlii- morning Hammeatto ami
San P-UC-Ma reported .01 of an'
Inch of rain; lied HlufT re|N>rted I *t\
Inches. A tra*-e of rain fell In
. I-.il.- Alto MMin sfter h a. m.
I mi |tre*a»ure (2B.0 Inches) ,..*,
llnue-a ufthoui naln ln New England,
with moderately warm weather. It
1- raining generally In Florida, as .
j 1.-nil of a iii-pii-Mt.n central In
Alabama.
Te Clean Paint Brushes.
I No matter how- tmnl a paint brush
bss tiecome. It en 11 in* made as soft and
clean aa new. saya ll A. t.alllber In
Cam 1 and Home, by simply boiling In
water Into which haa l-e* u put a lltlle
lye. A little wsahing powder or soap
will do. but It wlll tttk» longer
Tbe tui'-ij nboiiltl 1-- (.i.i- •-'. on end.
and the ttolllng water should be 00
der'NT than the h*in:tli of ibe bristles.
Ill Injure the ban
111 clean paint
FAKtO PROM ABROAD.
Aiof-M- _.i. malls sn being Hooded
with frauds from *-t>road Beware.says
ibe jsMUofftie dej-nriruent, of all n*duc
tlve ■ »• Him- from forelgu agents wbo
offer to read your b«> ."-cope snd by doing so pot yon on tb. road to health.
prosj-rrUj and hapiitnesa All tbey ask
la lbe email cousldt vtioe of two or
three dollars, wblch. indeed, would be
Ilttl. euough lo -«y for these ■■•• ■ •■-•■*
gifts If they were actually fortbeom
big But here is the rub—tbey sre not
Crafty "rrooks*' are operating from
EnglE-ad. France and Holland, lncreaa
Ing tbelr Incomes st tbe expense of lbe
superstitious snd credulous. Tbe government list been Investigating these
fraud rases by tbe score, but their lit
eratore still flows Into ibe couotry. and
drsplte all efforts of ibe l-osteAlce authorities money orders continue to be
sent by truallug Individuals who wsnl
to learn what the future holds lu ature
for tbem.
Tbe literature of ineae fraudulent as
trologers wblch the department has
collected lu lis pursuit uf evidence
makes entertslulng resiling Tbey are
a clever set. well acquainted with bu
man nature Everything within lbe
scop, of tnorisl desire Is suticl|i.tad.
and tbelr cireulars proml**e tbe moat
deflnlte aid for overi-umlug troubles,
coui.uerlng tar* uud achieving all tbe
dHlrvs of lb. soiil. gilnd aud body.
Hard to Whip.
"Wbeo you're whlp-*_l," said Mr.
Dolan, "you ought tn sny you've had
enough"
"If I hate enougb strength left to
say Uve bsd enough." replied Mr. Ha"
rerty. "then I'm not whipped yet.**—
Wsshlngton Ktsr
Hla Shar.
Kriss— Wbat .Ul you get out ot yoor
aunt's estate? Kn .-After settling
things up the Isnyer blew me to a good
dinner and loaned me tf. - Brooklyn
Life
T. Mah. It C»_l.
A oewlywe-1 named Jones was talk-
lug to bls'friend Casey tba otber day
about bla flst and avss asking tbe other for a little advice.
"Do you know my dining room i.
ib. hottest place lu tb. world T began
tbe newlywed. "Do you know of any
way I might cool It oflT
"From experience I should say that a
trey good way to bring about a change
Ui atmospheric conditions," remarked
(be older married msn. "and ooe tbat
Is sure to bring resolts on. way or tb.
.xher Is to take a friend boms to dinner when your wife Isn't feeling well
and Isn't expecting company.**—Pblta-
delphls Times.
WANTED
Laundry-by flnt-claas laundress:
family work eepeeially; table Ilnan
hand Ironed. Mra. Tat.. Phone 6411..
a-3-tm
Wanted—Work during avanlngs
by reliable young woman, experienced wttb children. Box I. Tlmea.
5-16-tf
For quick serrlce. suits donned
returned ssme day odorless, call
Solares, phone SO. 6-8-lin
Wsnted —Position by reliable man
jobbing and repair work and orders
for screens of all kinds Phone 781
Call at 937 Emerson ltreet. 6-14-tf
Wanted—Day work by experienced woman. Pbone .""OL
«-J»-«t*
Good, reliable woman would like
any kind of work except waihing or
cooking. Good worker. Box I,. Times
office. ('■ A* 'itdh
Will pay t'*> for a man's bicycle.
Call about € o'clock. 157 Bryant at.
«-30-Jt»
Wanted—Someone to wash dtaboi
for table board. Box T, Times.
e-10-tr
MISCELLANEOUS.
Mra. Nellie F. Goodspeed. droan-
maker. reasonable; teacher crochet
and tatting 628 Oilman Pb. ttf.
3-3-tr
' Palo Alto's practical batter. So-
'lares bigb-claea cleaning: odorless.
!4.*.: University ava. phon. SO.
6-7-lm
I 545 Forest ave. Room and board.
; *: up. French cook. Table board.
* Garage. 6-tt-lm
I If you must sacrifice your small 5-
: passenger ear, answer, stating full
j particulars, 157 Bryant straet,
t-ie-st*
brusbes, hut not sfter tbey bar. be
come real hard.
1 mm tiuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuueuemuuuuuuuutt
11.
or the San Maleo county traffic of- „
* _ we. . .,t. . ons to acco nil tan y him to French t-at-
I1..1 . WiMuin a sl h »•• that be n n it ..it 1
v*. ur UeOelda at their own ctiaige. he . mn
had blown his horn on ovcry turn ->ounded with Ibein, accepird "scut-
of tho grndo until he got near the ago" or i*hleld tnoiiey. end from tbe
bottom, when bis arm was stiff, und burgesses he collude.! "girts," "alib."
then neglected lo do so on tho turn or "tallage-t.- Henry could then hire
where the motor cops were located. hU own tDen* Bn*1 "* n,r*wl b*' ,urn
Judge Seeley remarked "Quite
plausible," but didn't forget to eol-
loet
Architectural Designer,
HENRY A. HOYT.
aoo Fulton St. Phone 111.
i.liotT.lili:-.. BTATIONKHi,
NOTIONS. ll, ll. kp*uk__g,
grammar scbool bfork. I'h. Ml
AUTO BtaACKSMlTHING
Spring work, acetylen wrldlag.
H.IUelbler. 70t High. Ph-MlX
PALO AI_/TO LAI Mill)
Klrst-claaM work. |-r....,-._ ,-,.|.
lr. ti»n aad drUvet7. fl. nr BIS
PA1*0 AUTO PAINT SHOP.
Phone 5B-I* 715 High »treet.
PLUMBING KiMlili'iiiK
R. 9. JEWFI.l ^-^*"
tut High atreet. Phow SB1
cARpfrr cleamni;
i <-1 _ 1 ]■ r. -.-, ,1 air or vacuum.
1. i- i.n. 017 Alnia. Ph. 100.1.
t. ... PRKWITT. BRICK CON-
tractor. Chimney., ami Mantelv
US Everett ave. I'hone £I3X.
nOOnUVKw KXI'KKSti.—|Ug.
gnge. I'anrl Itellvery. Office
i.M.L". Grocery. Ph..t,*_nK-tU)4I.
WELL I'lill mm.
. II. Yonni Well Drilling On.
Plume Palo Alto 701
Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis
No full textBACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a major threat to human health around the world. Previous publications have estimated the effect of AMR on incidence, deaths, hospital length of stay, and health-care costs for specific pathogen-drug combinations in select locations. To our knowledge, this study presents the most comprehensive estimates of AMR burden to date. METHODS: We estimated deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to and associated with bacterial AMR for 23 pathogens and 88 pathogen-drug combinations in 204 countries and territories in 2019. We obtained data from systematic literature reviews, hospital systems, surveillance systems, and other sources, covering 471 million individual records or isolates and 7585 study-location-years. We used predictive statistical modelling to produce estimates of AMR burden for all locations, including for locations with no data. Our approach can be divided into five broad components: number of deaths where infection played a role, proportion of infectious deaths attributable to a given infectious syndrome, proportion of infectious syndrome deaths attributable to a given pathogen, the percentage of a given pathogen resistant to an antibiotic of interest, and the excess risk of death or duration of an infection associated with this resistance. Using these components, we estimated disease burden based on two counterfactuals: deaths attributable to AMR (based on an alternative scenario in which all drug-resistant infections were replaced by drug-susceptible infections), and deaths associated with AMR (based on an alternative scenario in which all drug-resistant infections were replaced by no infection). We generated 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for final estimates as the 25th and 975th ordered values across 1000 posterior draws, and models were cross-validated for out-of-sample predictive validity. We present final estimates aggregated to the global and regional level. FINDINGS: On the basis of our predictive statistical models, there were an estimated 4·95 million (3·62-6·57) deaths associated with bacterial AMR in 2019, including 1·27 million (95% UI 0·911-1·71) deaths attributable to bacterial AMR. At the regional level, we estimated the all-age death rate attributable to resistance to be highest in western sub-Saharan Africa, at 27·3 deaths per 100 000 (20·9-35·3), and lowest in Australasia, at 6·5 deaths (4·3-9·4) per 100 000. Lower respiratory infections accounted for more than 1·5 million deaths associated with resistance in 2019, making it the most burdensome infectious syndrome. The six leading pathogens for deaths associated with resistance (Escherichia coli, followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were responsible for 929 000 (660 000-1 270 000) deaths attributable to AMR and 3·57 million (2·62-4·78) deaths associated with AMR in 2019. One pathogen-drug combination, meticillin-resistant S aureus, caused more than 100 000 deaths attributable to AMR in 2019, while six more each caused 50 000-100 000 deaths: multidrug-resistant excluding extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E coli, carbapenem-resistant A baumannii, fluoroquinolone-resistant E coli, carbapenem-resistant K pneumoniae, and third-generation cephalosporin-resistant K pneumoniae. INTERPRETATION: To our knowledge, this study provides the first comprehensive assessment of the global burden of AMR, as well as an evaluation of the availability of data. AMR is a leading cause of death around the world, with the highest burdens in low-resource settings. Understanding the burden of AMR and the leading pathogen-drug combinations contributing to it is crucial to making informed and location-specific policy decisions, particularly about infection prevention and control programmes, access to essential antibiotics, and research and development of new vaccines and antibiotics. There are serious data gaps in many low-income settings, emphasising the need to expand microbiology laboratory capacity and data collection systems to improve our understanding of this important human health threat. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, and Department of Health and Social Care using UK aid funding managed by the Fleming Fund.sponsorship: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, and Department of Health and Social Care using UK aid funding managed by the Fleming Fund. (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, Department of Health and Social Care, BBSRC|BB/R012776/1, MRC|MR/S013768/2, MRC|MC_UU_00031/7, MRC|MR/S013768/1, MRC|MR/P007295/1, MRC|MR/N028317/1, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council|BB/R012776/1, Medical Research Council|MR/P007295/1, Medical Research Council|MR/N028317/1, National Institute of General Medical Sciences|K23GM141463)status: Publishe
