1,720,962 research outputs found
Social cultural practices influencing stillbirth in Sub-Saharan Africa
No full textBackground: Stillbirth remains a significant global health concern, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for 45% of all stillbirth occurrences globally. A little over 40% of stillbirths in Sub-Saharan Africa happen in the labour room but underreporting, especially in rural areas, makes this figure unreliable. Considering this prevalence, current research into the main causes of stillbirth in Sub-Saharan Africa has highlighted certain beliefs and practices that influence pregnancy outcomes in the region. The negative effects of these practices are still unclear and warrant further investigation. This review aims to identify and analyse literature on the social and cultural practices that influence stillbirth among pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Methods: The PEO (Population, Exposure, and Outcomes) framework was used to guide the search strategy and seven electronic databases were searched for studies published from 2014 to 2024. Furthermore, a grey literature search and manual search of the reference lists of the included studies were carried out to guarantee the thorough inclusion of relevant studies that could have been missed during the first search. After de-duplication, full-text screening was performed once the titles and abstracts were assessed. Lastly, pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to select the included studies, which then generated the study\u27s findings.
Results: The initial search recognized 1,832 studies, of which 10 were included in the systematic review, with the majority being qualitative ethnographic studies. The study identified five major social-cultural practices that influence Sub-Saharan Africa, including food taboos and restrictions, use of herbal medicines during pregnancy, preference of traditional birth attendants over skilled birth attendants, engagement in strenuous activities, and delay in referral to maternal health services
Conclusion: Among the five major practices outlined, food taboos/restrictions and the use of herbal medicines during pregnancy were the most discussed in the included studies. All outlined practices proved to be major factors that influence stillbirth in Sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding and addressing these social-cultural practices can inform targeted interventions toward improving the risk of stillbirth among pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa. Recommendations for eliminating harmful social and cultural practices that influence stillbirth should involve the government, global health organisations, and specialized healthcare professionals, by actively providing essential support for eliminating these negative practices in low resource settings.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Impact of disaggregated public expenditure on inflation rate in selected African countries: A panel cointegration analysis
No full textThe study examined the long run association between disaggregated public expenditure and inflation rate in selected African countries with data spanning 1990-2019. The study employed a panel cointegration technique and estimated the cointegrating relationship using the Fully Modified OLS (FMOLS), and Dynamic OLS (DOLS) proposed and advanced by Pedroni (1996, 2001) and Kao and Chiang (2001). The findings from the cointegration result reveal the existence of a long run equilibrium relationship among the variables. Also, the panel dynamic OLS revealed that a 1percent change in infrastructure (capital) and defense expenditures leads to about 0.56 percent and 0.27 percent incremental change in inflation rate respectively. On the other hand, expenditure on education has a positive and an insignificant relationship with inflation, while expenditure on health has an inverse but insignificant influence on inflation rate in the region within the period under study. The study recommends that public expenditure on infrastructure in the selected African countries be appropriately channeled to stimulate investment and production, thereby stabilizing prices
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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