1,720,958 research outputs found
Acute effects of beta2-adrenoceptor agonist in humans:Glucometabolic regulation in muscle and therapeutic perspectives
No full textBeta2-adrenoceptor agonists (beta2-agonists) acutely elevate insulin-independent muscle glucose uptake in rodents and augment insulin sensitivity after chronic treatment in humans. With the development and future projection of the global prevalence of type II diabetes, the interest in leveraging pharmacological manipulation of the beta2-adrenoceptor to treat type II diabetes has increased. However, reports in obese rodents demonstrate that beta2-agonists acutely impair insulin and glucose tolerance, which, if translatable to humans, could significantly reduce the therapeutic potential of activating the beta2-adrenoceptor in insulin resistant humans. Furthermore, the acute effects of beta2-adrenoceptor agonists on muscle glucose uptake and metabolism and the underlying mechanism(s) both at basal conditions and during metabolic challenges such as exercise, recovery and insulin stimulation remains incompletely understood in humans. Thus, the purpose of the current PhD thesis is to delineate the impact of beta2-agonist on acute glucometabolic regulation during different conditions to enable a better understanding of the therapeutic potential of beta2-agonists including its’ pitfalls. This purpose has been pursued in three different studies investigating the impact of beta2-agonist on muscle glucose uptake and metabolism at the basal condition, during and in recovery from a single bout of exercise and during hyperinsulinemic isoglycemic conditions. The results from the three studies demonstrate that beta2-adrenoceptor agonist elevates basal muscle glucose uptake (Study I) in line with that observed in in vitro rodent studies, but that the elevation in vivo might be confounded by increased insulin secretion, which makes the impact of muscle beta2-adrenergic signalling on basal muscle glucose uptake difficult to delineate. During exercise, beta2-agonist decreased muscle glucose uptake (Study II), an effect that shifted to an increase in muscle glucose uptake in recovery from exercise (Study II). Lastly, beta2-agonist markedly impaired insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake in insulin resistant subjects (Study III). The muscle biopsies sampled throughout the studies suggest that beta2-agonist primarily impairs exercise- and insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake through alterations in glycogen metabolism. Conversely, the increases in muscle glucose uptake at basal conditions and in recovery from exercise likely occurs due to increased glycolytic flux and elevated glucose transport which, perhaps, occurs in an insulin-independent manner. Collectively, this thesis demonstrates that beta2-agonist elicits some intriguing acute effects on muscle glucose uptake in humans as seen in Study I and II that potentially could be harnessed to combat insulin resistance and type II diabetes. However, Study III clearly highlights that beta2- agonist markedly impairs insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake in insulin resistant subjects. Thus, administration of beta2-agonist in people with type II diabetes could result in acutely aggravated postprandial hyperglycemia, which would severely reduce the therapeutic potential of beta2-agonists in type II diabetes. How this translates to long term treatment with beta2-agonists and whether or not it supresses the beneficial impact of beta2-agonists effect on insulin sensitivity in people with type II diabetes should be examined in future studies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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