1,720,953 research outputs found
ADA MIGAS DI LADANG PETANI BOJONEGORO
No full textDalam beberapa dekade belakangan, Indonesia menjadi sorotan dunia internasional karena potensi minyak dan gas (migas) yang begitu berlimpah. Industri migas di Indonesia dapat ditemukan di beberapa kawasan, seperti lepas pantai, hutan, dan bahkan wilayah pedesaan. Menurut data Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (1998), potensi migas Indonesia sebagian besar ditemukan di kawasan lepas pantai (offshore) , misalnya di perairan Madura, Kalimantan, dan Aceh. Sedangkan di Kabupaten Bojonegoro, industri migas sebagian besar ditemukan di kawasan pedesaan dan hutan, hanya sebagian kecil yang berada di kawasan perkotaan.
Keberadaan beberapa sumur migas membentuk blok-blok migas di Bojonegoro yang kian hari semakin berkembang jumlahnya. Blok migas tersebut antara lain Blok Cepu, Blok Tuban, Blok Gundih, Blok Nona dan Blok Blora. Dalam setiap blok tersebut terdapat beberapa lapangan migas, misalnya di Blok Cepu terdapat lapangan Banyuurip, Jambaran dan Alastuwo Barat serta Timur. Di Blok Tuban terdapat lapangan Sukowati Pad A dan B, sedangkan di Blok Gundih terdapat lapangan Tiung Biru. Tersebarnya beberapa lapangan migas tersebut sudah mengindikasikan seberapa besar kekayaan alam yang terkandung di perut bumi daerah itu. Kendati angka pastinya masih menjadi perdebatan, namun data yang dihimpun dalam Tabloid Flamma dari beberapa pihak berikut sudah menunjukkan angka yang cukup fantastis. Analisa kandungan migas di Blok Cepu adalah sebagai berikut: (i) menurut anggota DPR RI Drajat Wibowo, kandungan minyak sebesar 700 juta barel dan gas sebesar 3,31 kaki trilyun kubik, (ii) menurut Kwik Kian Gie kandungan minyak sebesar 2 Milyar barel, (iii) menurut ExxonMobil sebesar 250 juta barel dengan kandungan gas yang belum bisa diperkirakan, (iv) serta dari data yang pernah diberitakan kompas sebesar 1,1 Milyar barel di kedalam kurang dari 1.700 meter dan 11 Milyar barel di atas kedalam 2.000 meter .
Awal tahun 2000an, ruang publik masyarakat Bojonegoro mulai dihangatkan dengan akan dimulainya proses eksploitasi cadangan migas yang begitu besar yang selanjutnya dikenal dengan Blok Cepu. Harapan besar mulai muncul, sekalipun tak steril pula dari persoalan. Hampir bersamaan dengan Blok Cepu, dimulai pula aktivitas awal sumur migas di sekitar Kota Bojonegoro yang kemudian dinamai Blok Tuban. Keberadaan dua blok migas tersebut menjadi magnet bagi masyarakat lokal hingga internasional. Pasalnya, Bojonegoro yang selama ini dikenal sebagai kota jati tak lama kemudian menjadi daya tarik tersendiri bagi investor yang berkompetisi memperebutkan kesempatan bisnis migas. Awalnya hanya sayup-sayup terdengar, namun ditemukannya potensi migas Bojonegoro menjadi pemberitaan yang kian menarik bagi media lokal hingga internasional. Migas telah menjadi ikon baru Bojonegoro, hingga media pun menjulukinya sebagai “Indonesia’s texas”.
Kondisi sosial, ekonomi serta budaya masyarakat Bojonegoro sedikit banyak akan terpengaruh geliat industri migas. Keberadaan industri migas di wilayah pedesaan Bojonegoro, akan berhadapan dengan kultur masyarakat agraris, sehingga rentan berakibat pada terjadinya benturan sosial yang intensif. Hal ini disebabkan oleh adanya perbedaan kondisi sosial budaya masyarakat desa di lokasi industri migas yang ditandai dengan tingkat pendidikan dan kemampuan ekonomi relatif rendah. Dengan kondisi sosial ekonomi seperti itu, banyak masyarakat yang tidak mampu mengakses manfaat langsung dari keberadaan industri migas di wilayahnya. Tidak hanya itu, perbedaan sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya yang terbentuk antara masyarakat lokal dengan para pendatang cenderung memunculkan kesenjangan serta kantong-kantong masyarakat yang eksklusif. Situasi dan kondisi sosial yang ada di industri migas sangat berpotensi menimbulkan ketegangan sosial baik antara masyarakat dengan pihak pendatang, masyarakat dengan perusahaan migas, antara masyarakat yang tidak mampu dengan masyarakat yang mampu mengakses manfaat langsung dari perusahaan, juga antara masyarakat dengan pemerintah. Pada akhirnya, masyarakat lokal sering hanya menjadi penonton dalam hiruk pikuk industri migas di wilayah mereka sendiri.
Sementara itu, banyak laporan menunjukkan bahwa wilayah Bojonegoro sebagai pemilik potensi migas terbesar, masih menghadapi masalah kemiskinan di wilayah-wilayah berlokasinya sumur migas. Laporan tersebut dapat dilihat pada publikasi penelitian maupun pada situs-situs berita nasional dan internasional. Seperti yang dilaporkan Reuters, Bojonegoro sebagai pemilik cadangan minyak mentah terbesar di Asia Tenggara mencapai 350 juta barel, masih dihadapkan pada persoalan kemiskinan. Laporan tersebut menegaskan bahwa terlepas dari kepemilikan cadangan minyak yang berlimpah, Kabupaten Bojonegoro termasuk dalam peringkat keempat kabupaten termiskin di Propinsi Jawa Timur. Fakta serupa juga diungkap oleh media lokal, Suara Banyuurip, bahwa dari total jumlah penduduk 1,4 juta jiwa, jumlah warga miskin mencapai 128.981 keluarga/rumah tangga miskin.
Laporan ini secara sederhana menggambarkan bahwa di daerah kaya migas sekalipun masih banyak masyarakat miskin yang hidup tidak sejahtera. Di lain pihak, Dana Bagi Hasil (DBH) baru diterima pasca operasional industri migas dilakukan, sementara inflasi sudah terjadi sejak eksplorasi dilakukan. Dengan masih banyaknya masyarakat miskin di kawasan ini, maka terjadinya inflasi akan memicu penurunan taraf kehidupan masyarakat. Belum lagi, kehadiran industri migas dipastikan akan memunculkan kompetisi di antara masyarakat untuk dapat mengakses manfaat langsung. Jika situasi tersebut tidak direspon maka dipastikan ketegangan dan konflik sosial menjadi hal yang tidak terhindarkan. Oleh karena itu, upaya peningkatan kesejahteraan harus segera dilakukan dengan berbagai strategi dan upaya teknis.
Dalam konteks ini, percepatan peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat serta kesiapan masyarakat terhadap kehadiran industri menjadi hal yang urgen. Proses pembangunan masyarakat perlu berjalan secara linier dengan pembangunan industri migas dan harus diupayakan berjalan secara berkelanjutan. Hal tersebut berguna untuk meningkatkan partisipasi, kapasitas, serta aksesibilitas masyarakat dalam proses pembangunan, sehingga mereka dapat menerima manfaat langsung dari pembangunan. Masyarakat perlu mengenali kembali potensi-potensi yang ada di wilayahnya dan tidak serta merta menggantungkan kemakmuran dari hasil industri migas
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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