991 research outputs found
The Toolkit of the Last Hunter-Gatherer Mesolithic Communities in Coastal Areas of the Eastern Iberian Peninsula and the North of Morocco
No full textGibaja, Juan F.; Mazzucco, Niccolo; Linstädter, Jörg; García, Oreto; Oms, F. Xavier. "The Toolkit of the Last Hunter-Gatherer Mesolithic Communities in Coastal Areas of the Eastern Iberian Peninsula and the North of Morocco". En: Gibaja, Juan F.; Marreiros, Joao; Mazzucco, Niccolo & Clemente, Ignacio (eds.). Hunter-Gatherers' Tool-Kit: A Functional Perspective. Newcastle upon Tyne : Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2020, p. 49-61. ISBN 978-1-5275-4226-6.Studies on the function of the lithic tools of the last hunter-gatherer communities in the Western Mediterranean are very scarce. However, in recent decades, research carried out by both archaeologists and
traceologists has partially filled this gap with new excavations and new analysis of both Early and Late Mesolithic assemblages. Today, we can talk of the existence of a real "Mesolithic toolkit", formed by a series of
formal tools that were used in a more or less common way all over the Western Mediterranean; some of the most typical implements are microlithic trapezes and notched blades and flakes. This chapter analyses
differences and similitudes, on a functional and technological level, between assemblages from the eastern Iberian Península and North of Morocco.Peer reviewe
NeoNet dataset. Radiocarbon dates for the Late Mesolithic/Early Neolithic transition in the North Central-Western Mediterranean basin
No full textThe NeoNet dataset aims to provide a new research tool for the study of the pioneer farming front (i.e. Neolithisation) in the North Central and North Western Mediterranean basin by focusing on the period of transition from a foraging to a farming economy (ca. 7000 to 3500 cal BC). The complete dataset is formed by the elencoc14.tsv file, a dataframe with tab-separated values, and a connex dataframe: thesaurus.tsv. The dataset contains 2,506 radiocarbon dates from 526 archaeological sites and 1,769 different archaeological records (stratigraphic units, structures, negative features, hearths, etc.). To ensure and facilitate the reuse of the radiocarbon dates, NeoNet’s data structure is based on the Euroevol database layout. Among other fields, particular attention has been paid to homogenisation of the laboratory code, the archaeological context, and the references, in order to facilitate further data extractions. Indeed, the dataset is linked to an opensource R Shiny interactive web app (NeoNet app), and a getter function (R package c14bazAAr, R function get_neonet)
John F. Kucia interview
No full textFor 34 years Dr. John F. Kucia served Xavier University, first as the Director of Alumni Relations from 1984 to 1986, then as Assistant to the President from 1986 to 1990, and finally as Administrative Vice President from 1990 to 2018. During these years, he worked closely with five different Xavier presidents and played a key role in transforming Xavier’s campus. In addition, Kucia oversaw Xavier’s intercollegiate athletic program through a period of growth. In this interview, he discusses the five Xavier presidents with whom he worked, identifying the challenges and achievements of each. He talks about the land acquisitions, building projects, and facilities development that occurred during his tenure, including the Cintas Center, the University Station and the Health United Building. He also discusses the success of Xavier’s athletic programs and the vital role that sports play in university life. Kucia earned a doctorate in higher education management from the University of Pennsylvania and is co-author of the book Leadership in Balance: New Habits of the Mind, which he talks about in the interview. He currently serves as Xavier’s Vice President Emeritus
NeoNet. R Shiny app for selection and display of the NeoNet radiocarbon dataset.
No full textThe NeoNet app aims to contribute to the study the pioneering front of the farming live-style (i.e., Neolithic) by focusing our study on the mobile border between the Last Hunter-Gathers economy and the Early Neolithic (ca. 7,000 BC to 3,500 BC) in the Central-Western Mediterranean and European South Atlantic basins. The interactive web app facilitates the selection of absolute dates (radiocarbon dates) by providing selection tools for:
spatial
geographical region of interest (ROI)
custom selection shape inside the ROI
chronology
date time span between a tpq and a taq in cal BC
main periods (Middle Mesolithic, Late Mesolithic, Early Neolithic, ...)
date accuracy
some type of material life duration (short like, long life or others)
threshold of the maximum accepted standard deviation (SD)
The NeoNet app has been created in the frame of the NeoNet work group from a perspective of FAIR Science and collaborative working. It is still in development
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Radiocarbon dating the beginning of the Neolithic in Iberia: new results, new problems
No full textRadiocarbon dating of samples of charred cereal, biomolecularly confirmed sheep bone, human bone from burials, and diagnostic artifacts places the appearance of the ‘Neolithic package’ in Iberia ca. 5500 Cal BC. The earliest dates are statistically indistinguishable from Catalonia to Portugal and, whenever their archaeological context is secure, the associated pottery includes a significant, if not majority cardial-decorated component. These patterns are consistent with models of maritime pioneer colonization whereby the arrival of domesticates results from the dispersal of farming groups carrying the Cardial cultural tradition
The Neolithic in Northeast Iberia: Chronocultural Phases and 14C
No full textAs in many other regions, the periodization of the Neolithic in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula was based upon relative dating obtained through ceramic typologies. Moreover, this prehistoric period was structured using nomenclature borrowed from the Neolithization of southern France. A total of 37 new radiocarbon dates for NE Iberia have been recently obtained with appropriate sampling criteria. These results have been used in conjunction with other reliable 14C dates in order to assess the validity of traditional classifications established through the study of ceramic typologies. The gradual improvement in the quality of sample choice and the available archaeological records allowed the selection of 187 dates obtained mostly from short-lived taxa. This has enabled the chronological boundaries to be adjusted as precisely as possible.This paper is the result of the research project “Aproximación a las primeras comunidades neoliticas del NE peninsular a través de sus prácticas funerarias,” HAR2011-23149. F Xavier Oms’ work is supported by the 2014SGR-108 (Generalitat de Catalunya) and HAR2011-26193 (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación) projects. Berta Morell has been supported by an FI (Generalitat de Catalunya) predoctoral grant.Peer reviewe
Anàlisi de la ceràmica i de la làmina de sílex i datació absoluta de la cista del Camp de la Bruna (Lladurs, el Solsonès)
No full textDurant les tasques d’excavació a la cista del Camp de la Bruna es van recuperar únicament 21 fragments ceràmics: 2 a la UE 104 (interior de la cista) i 19 a la UE 103 (rebliment exterior). D’aquests, només 4 tenen criteris morfològics, concretament es tracta de sengles vores de la UE 103, que pertanyen a 3 vasos diferents. La resta de materials recuperats són completament informes. Per una banda, hi ha quinze fragments assignats a la UE 103. Aquests, a través de criteris macroscòpics, podrien correspondre’s amb un total de dotze vasos diferents i que no sembla que tinguin relació amb cap de les vores documentades al mateix estrat. De totes maneres, les reduïdes dimensions dels fragments i la variabilitat de les produccions a mà impedeixen afirmar-ho amb seguretat. En general, formarien part de vasos de volums mitjans, relativament grollers -dominen els acabats allisats-, i en nombroses ocasions, les partícules minerals (calcària sobretot) són de mida gran i afloren a les superfícies interiors i exteriors. També cal esmentar l’existència de dos fragments a l’interior de la cambra funerària, a l’estrat UE 104 (en contacte amb les inhumacions). Es tracta novament de dos fragments informes, amb cuita irregular i reduïda, acabats polits i amb presència de calcària i mica a l’argila. Malauradament, ens ha estat impossible determinar cap relació amb la resta dels fragments del jaciment, incloses les vores esmentades.El treball de X. Mangado, C. B. González i F. X. Oms s’ha fet en el marc del projecte «Plistocè superior i holocè a la conca mitja i alta del Segre» (ref. CLT009/18/00030), que s’integra dins els projectes
HAR2017-86509 i SGR2017-00011 del Seminari d’Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques de la Universitat de Barcelona. El treball de Juan F. Gibaja s’ha realitzat gràcies al finançament aportat pel projecte «La difusión del Neolítico en el Mediterráneo centro-occidental: agricultura, innovaciones tecnológicas y carbono 14 (HAR2016-75201-P)».Peer reviewe
Un écrivain français des lumières oublié : Francisco Xavier de Oliveira (1701-1783)
No full textF. Max : A forgotten French author of the enlightenment : Francisco Xavier de Oliveira (1701-1783).
Francisco Xavier de Oliveira, a Portugese nobleman and diplomat who wrote in French to divulge his liberal ideas, was forced into exile in England where he converted to Protestantism. His numerous writings - censored by the Inquisition in Lissabon - and his conversion sufficed to have him condemned and his effigy burnt in 1761. His response, of which the main chapter, originally published in London, is included in the present article, is a vibrant plea for tolerance.Francisco Xavier de Oliveira, noble portugais, diplomate et écrivain de langue française aux idées libérales, dut s' exiler en Angleterre où il se convertit au protestantisme. Ses nombreux écrits, d'abord censurés par l'Inquisition à Lisbonne, puis sa conversion, finirent par le faire condamner à être brûlé en effigie comme hérétique en 1761. Sa réponse, dont le principal chapitre, publié à Londres, figure ici, est un vibrant plaidoyer pour la tolérance.Max Frédéric. Un écrivain français des lumières oublié : Francisco Xavier de Oliveira (1701-1783). In: Revue d'histoire et de philosophie religieuses, 75e année n°2, Avril-mai-juin 1995. pp. 193-195
La neolitització del Nord-Est de la Península Ibèrica a partir de les datacions de 14(C) i les primeres ceràmiques impreses c.5600-4900 cal BC
No full textAquesta tesi doctoral té com a objectiu analitzar el procés de neollitització al nord-est de la Península Ibèrica, en un lapse comprès grosso modo entre 5600-4900 cal BC.
A l'inici, uns capítols introductoris fan un repàs de les dades historiogràfiques i de l'estat del coneixement actual del neolític tant al oest Mediterrani com concretament a Catalunya. Per altra banda, es repassen també les ocupacions mesolítiques prèvies i les condicions paleoambiantals durant aquest període. Posteriorment, el nucli del treball es centra en dos aspectes de la recerca. Per una banda les datacions radiocarbòniques; i per l'altre, l'anàlisi de les primeres ceràmiques impreses.
Per aquest període es comptava amb nombroses datacions pel NE peninsular, malauradament algunes d'aquestes no tenien la qualitat suficient com ser considerades vàlides. Per aquest motiu, s'han analitzat tots els contextos arqueològics de procedència i els tipus de mostra emprada per obtenir les datacions radiocarbòniques, en base a un criteri de validesa proposat per nosaltres per aquesta recerca. L'eliminació de les datacions poc fiables ha permès proposar unes bones forquilles radiocarbòniques i al mateix temps, s'ha observat la presència de diferents fases de concentració de datacions: un grup anterior a 5500 cal BC, un altre entre 5500-5300 cal BC, un entre 5300-5100 cal BC i un darrer amb datacions posteriors a 5150 cal BC.
Per altra banda, s'han analitzat els registres d'un total de 32 jaciments, dels quals 27 s'ha fet de manera directa i la resta a partir de dades publicades. L'estudi s'ha centrat tant en aspectes tècnics i morfològics com sobretot a nivell decoratiu. Aquest darrer tipus d'informació ens ha permès observar diferències i similituds entre els territoris i en les diferents fases cronològiques observades a partir de l'estudi de les datacions.
En les àmplies discussions i a les conclusions, es treballa sobre la periodització de la neolítització al NE peninsular en base a les dades inèdites obtingudes. En aquest sentit, es detecta una primera colonització dels trams del litoral i prelitoral central i meridional durant les fases que comprenen fins a 5300 cal BC, sent clares diferències en les produccions ceràmiques entre cada territori. Posteriorment, la neolitització s'estén a la resta del territori català, amb importants focus al NE de Catalunya, al sud i a la zona compresa entre el riu Segre i els Pirineus. Les diferències entre cadascun dels territoris es mantenen a nivell cultural.
En conclusió, es proposa que el fenomen de neolitització no és tant homogeni com es creia, sinó que afecta a biòtops independents entre ells, tant durant les fases més antigues com fins aquelles més evolucionades.My main interest in this research lies in the study of the first Neolithic populations in the NE of Iberian Peninsula, focus in two axes: tracing the exact chronology of the Early Neolithic in this area and the analysis of the first pottery productions.
After introductory chapters where historiographical aspects are analyzed, it comes data on the state of affairs of the Early Neolithic, both at South European and Catalan zoom. The nucleus of the study focuses on the central chapters. First, I have proposed a taphonomical filter to accept or reject the radiocarbon dating from the NE of Iberia. This has allowed us to set a proper chronological periodization by Early Neolithic of this area. The existence of four chronological phases is proposed: before 5500 cal BC, 5500-5300 cal BC, 5300-5150 cal BC and after 5150 cal BC.
The other main research line is the analysis of the Early Neolithic pottery from 32 different sites, both technical and morphological viewpoint, but specially the decoration of the vessels is studied.
The chapter discussion is focused to combine the correct radiocarbonic dating and the pottery data, And so may be infer information about the Neolithisation process in NE of Iberian Peninsula at different levels, chronological, geographical and cultura
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