1,720,956 research outputs found
Il controllo a distanza del lavoratore agile
No full textL'articolo è dedicato al controllo a distanza dei lavoratori agili nell'ordinamento italiano e cerca di approfondirne i principali elementi problematici. Dopo una breve analisi della normativa, l'autrice procede all'esame dell'interrelazione tra la legge e il contratto individuale nella regolamentazione della materia. In secondo luogo, riflette sull’importanza dei contratti collettivi in questo senso. In seguito, si sofferma sull'utilizzo dei dispositivi tecnologici e delle applicazioni informatiche nell'ambito del rapporto di lavoro, distinguendo tra quelli messi a disposizione del lavoratore per l'esecuzione della prestazione e quelli di controllo a distanza. Inoltre, si chiede se i sistemi automatizzati basati su algoritmi siano soggetti o meno alla disciplina legislativa sul controllo a distanza. Infine, si concentra sul rapporto tra diritto alla disconnessione del lavoratore “agile” e controllo a distanza, che deve essere disciplinato in maniera unitaria, per evitare che la sua efficacia sia vanificata dall'abuso di potere da parte del datore di lavoro.The article is dedicated to the remote control of agile workers in the Italian legal system and tries to examine its main problematic elements. After a brief analysis of the legislation, the author proceeds to examine the interrelation between the law and the individual contract in regulating the matter. Secondly, she reflects on the importance of collective agreements in this sense. Subsequently, she focuses on the use of technological devices and IT applications in the context of the employment relationship, distinguishing between those made available to the worker for the performance of the service and those for remote control. Furthermore, she asks whether automated systems based on algorithms are subject or not to the legislative discipline on remote control. Finally, she focuses on the relationship between the right to disconnection of the “agile” worker and remote control, which must be regulated in a unitary manner, to prevent its effectiveness from being nullified by the abuse of power by the employer
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
I "lavoratori autonomi individuali" nella prospettiva della Commissione Europea
No full textIl contributo è dedicato alla nozione di “lavoratori autonomi individuali” desunta dalla comunicazione della Commissione Europea del 29 settembre 2022, contenente "Orientamenti sull'applicazione del diritto della concorrenza dell'Unione agli accordi collettivi concernenti le condizioni di lavoro dei lavoratori autonomi individuali". Il primo passo dell'indagine attiene alla disamina della giurisprudenza della Corte di Giustizia dell'Unione Europea in tema di "falsi lavoratori autonomi" (sentenza FNV Kunsten), onde verificare se esiste differenza tra le due espressioni. Il cuore della ricerca è costituito dalla nozione di “lavoratori autonomi individuali" e dai suoi elementi essenziali, ossia l'individualità degli operatori economici ad essi corrispondenti, consistente nell'assenza di lavoratori subordinati alle loro dipendenze, e la natura principalmente personale della loro prestazione. Assai significativa si considera la disamina della prima sotto-tipologia in cui i lavoratori autonomi individuali sono suddivisi, ossia quelli paragonabili ai dipendenti e della seconda, costituita dai “lavoratori autonomi individuali” non ad essi non accostabili. Il profilo conclusivo dello studio ha ad oggetto l'impatto che tale nozione può avere sul diritto dell'Unione Europea in primis sotto il profilo del diritto antitrust, ma anche dal punto di vista del diritto del lavoro.The contribution is dedicated to the notion of "solo self-employed workers" derived from the European Commission communication of 29 September 2022, containing "Guidelines on the application of Union competition law to collective agreements on working conditions for individual self-employed workers". The first step of the investigation concerns the examination of the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union on the subject of "false self-employed workers" (FNV Kunsten ruling), in order to verify whether there is a difference between the two expressions. The core of the research is the concept of "solo self-employed workers" and its essential elements, namely the individuality of the economic operators corresponding to them, consisting in the absence of subordinate workers under their control, and the mainly personal nature of their performance. The examination of the first sub-type into which solo self-employed workers are divided, namely those comparable to employees, and the second one, consisting of "solo self-employed workers" who cannot be compared to them, is considered very significant. The final profile of the study concerns the impact that this concept can have on European Union law, primarily from the point of view of antitrust law, but also from the point of view of the labour law
Control tecnológico y trabajo “agile” en el sistema jurídico italiano
No full textL'articolo è dedicato al potere di controllo a distanza del datore di lavoro sui lavoratori “agili” nell'ordinamento italiano e alla disamina delle sue principali questioni esegetiche. Dopo una breve analisi della diciplina legislativa in materia, si esamina l'interrelazione tra la legge e il contratto individuale in ordine alla sua regolamentazione. In secondo luogo, si riflette sull'importanza che i contratti collettivi hanno al riguardo. Il passo successivo è quello di stabilire qual è la differenza tra gli strumenti di controllo e quelli messi a disposizione del lavoratore per l'esecuzione della prestazione. Un'attenzione speciale è riservata agli applicativi informatici, che condizionano l'esercizio del potere di controllo a distanza del datore di lavoro sui lavoratori agili. In tale contesto, ci si deve soffermare sull'assoggettamento o meno dei sistemi automatizzati basati su algoritmi alla normativa legislativa in materia di controllo tecnologico. Non si può trascurare, infine, la relazione sussistente tra il diritto alla disconnessione del lavoratore "agile" e il potere di controllo a distanza del datore di lavoro.The article is dedicated to the employer's power of remote control over “agile” workers in the Italian legal system and to the examination of its main exegetical issues. After a brief analysis of the legislative discipline on the subject, the interrelation between the law and the individual contract is examined with regard to its regulation. Secondly, it reflects on the importance that collective agreements have in this regard. The next step is to establish the difference between the control tools and those made available to the worker for the execution of the service. Special attention is paid to IT applications, which condition the exercise of the employer's remote control power over agile workers. In this context, it is necessary to focus on whether or not automated systems based on algorithms are subject to legislative legislation on technological control. Finally, the relationship between the "agile" worker's right to disconnect and the employer's remote control power cannot be overlooked
Conflitto collettivo e lavoro autonomo
No full text“Conflitto collettivo e lavoro autonomo” evoca un istituto del diritto sindacale per un verso classico e, per un altro verso, d’avanguardia. Nel libro se ne prospetta l’inquadramento sistematico mediante lo studio originale e aggiornato d’una questione complessa, ricondotta nell’ambito delle tutele del diritto positivo. Sicché, sulla base d’una solida impostazione teorica, si riscostruisce un fenomeno di notevole rilevanza sociale: riconoscimento giurisprudenziale del diritto di sciopero oltre la subordinazione; astensione collettiva di lavoratori autonomi (professionisti e piccoli imprenditori
nei servizi essenziali ex l. 146 del 1990); diritto di azioni collettive nell’ordinamento dell’Unione Europea. Infatti, è importante la sua recente tendenza a estendere al lavoro autonomo talune tutele del lavoro subordinato. L’analisi dei problemi emersi in dottrina e giurisprudenza consente di proporre soluzioni applicative immediate.“Collective Conflict and Self-Employment” evokes an institution of trade union law that is classical in one sense and avant-garde in another. The book proposes its systematic framing through the original and updated study of a complex issue, brought back within the scope of the protections of positive law. Thus, on the basis of a solid theoretical approach, a phenomenon of considerable social relevance is reconstructed: jurisprudential recognition of the right to strike beyond subordination; collective abstention of self-employed workers (professionals and small entrepreneurs
in essential services pursuant to Law 146 of 1990); the right to collective action in the
European Union legal system. In fact, its recent tendency to extend to self-employed work some protections of subordinate work is important. The analysis of the problems that have emerged in doctrine and jurisprudence allows us to propose immediate applicative solutions
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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