1,720,960 research outputs found
Examing how Nurses' Personal Experiences with Mental Illness Relate to Stigma and Discrimination against People with Mental Illness in Rural Northern Uganda.
Get PDFIntroduction: Rural Primary Health Care (PHC) nurses in post-war settings experience mental health problems resulting from traumatic exposures. They also experience burnout and compassion fatigue caring for high number of patients with untreated mental health problems due to cultural practices that promote stigma, and lack of adequate mental health services. Social stigma is society’s negative perceptions of an individual with mental illness, viewing them as socially unacceptable. The purpose of the study is to provide foundational understanding to inform future development of anti-stigma interventions PHC in rural northern Uganda. Research questions included;(1) What percentage of PHC nurses have personal experience with mental health disorders? (2) How do knowledge of and beliefs about mental health relate to mental health attitudes of PHC nurses in rural northern Uganda? (3) Do personal experiences with mental illness moderate the relations between knowledge, beliefs, and mental health related attitudes? (4) Following through with findings from research questions 2 and 3, do the mental health attitudes of nurses, explained by their knowledge and beliefs about mental illness and moderated by their personal experience with mental illness, relate to nurses’ future intended behavior with individuals suffering with mental illness?
Methods. To address these research questions, an existing data set of 65 nurse participants that captured stigma measures was used to conduct secondary analysis. In addition to original study variables (attitude, reported future intended behavior, age and sex), new variables of interest were constructed. These included: personal experience with mental illness derived from a 12 item Level of Contact Report (Corrigan et al., 2001), knowledge about common mental disorders and beliefs about mental health both derived from the Mental health Knowledge Schedule (MAKS; Evans-Lacko, et al., 2010). SPSS version 28 was used to generate descriptive statistics and conduct linear regression modelling to answer the research questions.
Results: More than a quarter of the study participants (28%) had personal experience with mental illness. Beliefs about mental illness explained significant variance in nurses’ benevolence attitude (β=.755, R2=.135, p=.003), with higher levels of positive beliefs about mental illness being related to higher levels of benevolence attitudes. The interaction of knowledge x beliefs explained significant variance in social restrictiveness attitude (β=-.146, R2=.122, p=.022), with higher levels of knowledge interacting with higher levels of positive beliefs being related to lower levels of social restrictiveness attitudes. Personal experience with mental illness moderated the relationship between combined knowledge of and beliefs about mental illness and social restrictiveness attitudes (β=.070, p
Conclusion: To better address nurses’ mental health needs and to counter mental health stigma in rural Uganda, future rigorous studies, which employ sensitive measures of nurses’ personal experience, mental health beliefs, and cultural practices are needed. Future studies should also explore nurses’ mental health needs and innovative ways of addressing their mental health needs in the rural setting.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)Public Healt
Stigma towards people with mental illness: a cross-sectional study among nursing staff in health facilities in Amolatar district, Uganda
No full textIncludes bibliographical referencesIntroduction: Mental health of Ugandans could be improved through mainstreaming the services into primary care systems. Nurses constitute a high percentage of the workforce in health; therefore they can significantly contribute towards several experiences by patients with mental illness. Stigma towards mental illness and individuals living with mental illness is among the major hindrances to effective mental health service delivery amongst healthcare workers. Therefore it is important for stigma to be explored among general nurses as mental health services are being integrated into the primary health care. The aim of this study was to explore stigma among general nurses towards mental illness and individuals living with mental illness. Methods: This was a cross-sectional quantitative study. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to nurses working in Amolatar district health facilities that measured knowledge, attitudes and behaviour towards individuals living with mental illness, in addition to their familiarity with a person with mental illness. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the extent to which stigma was reported in this population. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done using linear and logistic regressions to identify the predictors of the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of nurses regarding mental illness and individuals living with mental illness. Results: Sixty-three general nurses participated in the study. Most of the participants identified schizophrenia as an SMI, however 79% considered stress to be mental illness and only a quarter of respondents scored above 80% on knowledge about mental illness. Most of the participants believed that psychotherapy was the most effective treatment for mental disorders. The nurses were benevolent (mean 3.06, s.d 0.29) and showed acceptance towards mental health services and individuals living with mental illness in the community (mean 3.56, s.d 0.30) however the nurses tended towards authoritarianism (mean 3.74, s.d 0.34) and social restrictiveness (mean 2.98, s.d 0.27). Level of contact with individuals living with mental illness predicted community mental health ideology and authoritarianism. No demographic variables were associated with level of knowledge using MAKS score and intended behaviour using RIBS tool. Conclusion: This study has provided some of the first data on stigma among primary health care nurses towards people with mental illness in Uganda and has added to knowledge of stigma towards people with mental illness by health care providers in LAMIC. Many of the findings were positive and bode well for the planned integration of mental health in primary health care. The negative findings of this study have shown that there are many areas for improvement which could be tackled by interventions such as public and community education, and in-service training regarding causes and management of mental disorders. Further research could be done to understand more about the negative attitudes found in many LAMIC
Chronic Sorrow: Lived Experiences of Caregivers of Schizophrenic Patients in Butabika Mental Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.
Get PDFGrief is a central experience by people diagnosed with mental illness, families, and friends. Chronic sorrow is defined as pervasive sadness and/or other emotional reactions commonly associated with grief that is permanent, periodic and potentially progressive in nature. It is viewed as a normal reaction to loss that may be to a single event or ongoing. During the experience of chronic sorrow, people feel emotional commotion, discomfort, & hopelessness. It may progress to pathological grief or depression. It may also trigger some of the psychiatric disorders in individuals who are vulnerable. No documented study in Uganda has addressed the problem of chronic sorrow among caregivers of patients with mental illness. Objective The theory of chronic sorrow was used to guide this study. The aim of the study was to explore the experience of chronic sorrow among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in Uganda. Methodology This study employed a descriptive qualitative design using Focus Groups and In-depth interviews. The research was carried out at Butabika National Mental Hospital in Kampala. The study was conducted in Luganda. There were 10 in-depth interviews and 2 focused group discussions. The sample size was based on the principle of data saturation and purposive sampling technique was used. The caregivers who met the inclusion criteria, consented and were interviewed using the chronic sorrow questionnaire guide (caregiver version). The interviews were recorded, transcribed, translated to English and analyzed through content analysis of a framework by Graneheim & Lundman (2004). Results 9 out of 10 caregivers experienced Chronic Sorrow. The triggers identified were, unending care giving, change in behavior (refusal to take drugs, refusal to go to hospital), management of crises (during relapse and side sides of drugs), society reaction to mental illness (abandoning and mistreating patients, discrimination) and missed companionship. Unhelpful factors were poor communication by health workers, stigma from community, Uncooperative iii police. The coping strategies used were, interpersonal strategies, action oriented activities (keeping busy), positive thinking, avoidance, emotional (crying). Caregivers indicated that health workers should show understanding, communicate properly, and provide information, facts about mental illness to them and community. Taking mental health services nearer to the people throughout the country and follow up visits were also suggested. Conclusions. Caregivers of patients with schizophrenia are most likely to have chronic sorrow, the sadness and the grief related feelings are triggered by different factors which can be internal or external. Effective coping strategies are needed to be used by the caregivers in order to help them keep up with the task of caregiving and health workers have a great role to play
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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