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Food Security Status Among Cocoa Growing Households In Ondo And Kwara States Of Nigeria: A Discriminant Analysis Approach
Get PDFCocoa, being a cash crop is mostly cultivated among cocoa farmers
without giving much consideration to the cultivation of food crops.
There is, however, little evidence on the translation of the income
from cocoa production into improved food security by cocoa farmers.
This study therefore examined the food security status of cocoa farming
households in Nigeria. A simple purposive random sampling technique was
used to select 100 cocoa farmers from each of Ondo and Kwara states of
Nigeria, thus making a total of 200 respondents used for the study.
Information was collected from the respondents with the aid of a
structured questionnaire and the data obtained from the information
were analysed with Descriptive Statistics, Food Security Index,
Surplus/Shortfall Index and Discriminant Analysis. The mean age for the
households' head was 53±16.27 years while the mean household size
was 7±4.24 persons per household. The mean per capita food
consumption was 2063.15±1343.55 kilocalories and the mean monthly
farm income was N27,536.50±29161.74. With food security line of
N1,959.00, 44.0% of the sampled households in the study area were able
to meet the recommended calorie intake of 2450 Kilocalories per capita
per day. The food secure households exceeded the calorie requirement by
0.03% while the food insecure households fell short of the recommended
calorie intake by 0.02%. An increase in the value of association
membership of household head, off-farm income, farming experience of
household head and number of meals taken per day (p<0.05) would
improve the food security status of households and hence would shift
the households to food security while an increase in the value of
household size and per capita non-food expenditure (p<0.05) would
worsen the food security status of households and therefore shift the
household to food insecurity. The study recommended that there is a
need for an enlightenment programme on birth control and that
government can subsidize the price of food items as this will reduce
the cost of procuring food items by households thus enabling households
to be able to increase the number of meals taken per day. Also, cocoa
farming households are encouraged to ensure that income from cocoa is
partly used to address food insecurity at household level
Food Security Status Among Cocoa Growing Households In Ondo And Kwara States Of Nigeria: A Discriminant Analysis Approach
Get PDFCocoa, being a cash crop is mostly cultivated among cocoa farmers
without giving much consideration to the cultivation of food crops.
There is, however, little evidence on the translation of the income
from cocoa production into improved food security by cocoa farmers.
This study therefore examined the food security status of cocoa farming
households in Nigeria. A simple purposive random sampling technique was
used to select 100 cocoa farmers from each of Ondo and Kwara states of
Nigeria, thus making a total of 200 respondents used for the study.
Information was collected from the respondents with the aid of a
structured questionnaire and the data obtained from the information
were analysed with Descriptive Statistics, Food Security Index,
Surplus/Shortfall Index and Discriminant Analysis. The mean age for the
households' head was 53±16.27 years while the mean household size
was 7±4.24 persons per household. The mean per capita food
consumption was 2063.15±1343.55 kilocalories and the mean monthly
farm income was N27,536.50±29161.74. With food security line of
N1,959.00, 44.0% of the sampled households in the study area were able
to meet the recommended calorie intake of 2450 Kilocalories per capita
per day. The food secure households exceeded the calorie requirement by
0.03% while the food insecure households fell short of the recommended
calorie intake by 0.02%. An increase in the value of association
membership of household head, off-farm income, farming experience of
household head and number of meals taken per day (p<0.05) would
improve the food security status of households and hence would shift
the households to food security while an increase in the value of
household size and per capita non-food expenditure (p<0.05) would
worsen the food security status of households and therefore shift the
household to food insecurity. The study recommended that there is a
need for an enlightenment programme on birth control and that
government can subsidize the price of food items as this will reduce
the cost of procuring food items by households thus enabling households
to be able to increase the number of meals taken per day. Also, cocoa
farming households are encouraged to ensure that income from cocoa is
partly used to address food insecurity at household level
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Evaluation of the economics of post harvest processing of cocoa in Cross River state, Nigeria
No full textPost harvest cocoa processing is a very crucial aspect of cocoa production as it determines mostly the quality of cocoa beans. This study was conducted to evaluate the economics of post harvest cocoa processing in the study area. From the fourteen cocoa producing Local Government Areas (LGAs) in the state, four LGAs were selected with the aid of stratified random sampling technique. This however represents 28.5% of the total cocoa producing LGA in the state. Simple random sampling technique was used to select fifty respondents and information was collected from the selected respondents with the aid of structured questionnaires.
The result of the descriptive analysis showed that 50% of the farmers in the study area were youths, less than 40 years of age while about 80% of the total respondents had formal education. About 64% of the total respondents have the improved variety of cocoa (Amazon) on their farms. Budgetary analysis however showed that the proportion of total cost of post harvest cocoa processing to the gross revenue derived from cocoa was 11.3%. The Regression analysis revealed that cost of pod breaking, cost of fermentation, cost of drying as well as cost of grading are more critical to the gross revenue than the cost of storage.
Based on the findings, it was recommended that government should assist farmers in providing enough jute bags for cocoa storage and to organize periodic training for the farmers on the appropriate ways of processing cocoa beans so as to be of good quality.
. Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences Vol. 3 (2) 2005: pp.58-6
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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