8 research outputs found
Identification and relative abundance of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with oil-seed crops and maize (Zea mays L.) in derived savannah of Nigeria
No full textArticle Details: Received: 2019-07-22 | Accepted: 2019-10-10 | Available online: 2019-09-30https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2019.22.03.84-89A field survey was conducted to assess root colonization, spore densities and relative abundance of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) based on morphological aspects. Roots and rhizosphere soil samples were collected from established fields of selected oil seed crops [soybean (Glycine max L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus)] and maize (Zea mays L.) grown in derived savannah agro-ecology of Southwest Nigeria. The mean percentage of AMF colonization across all crops was 60.8%, ranging from 34% to 87.5%, with highest root colonization observed in soybean. The spore densities retrieved from the different rhizospheres were relatively high, varying from 124 to 298 spores per 50 g dry soil, with highest spore densities observed in maize rhizosphere soils. The spore densities in the soil significantly correlated (r = 0.52, and P <0.05) with the root colonization. A total of 4 morphologically classifiable genera (Glomus, Gigaspora, Acaulospora, and Scutellospora) of AMF within the phylum Glomeromycota were detected. The dominant genus was Glomus in all the crops with highest relative abundance of 60.9%, followed by Acaulospora (21.3%) and Scutellospora (12.8%), with lowest relative abundance of AM spores observed for Gigaspora (5%). This study could contribute significantly to a better understanding of AMF community structure in derivedsavannah agro-ecology of Nigeria.Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, community structure, oil-seed crops, root colonization, spore densityReferencesAZCÓN-AGUILAR, C. and BAREA, J.M. (1997) Arbuscular mycorrhizas and biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens – an overview of the mechanisms involved. In Mycorrhiza, vol. 6, pp. 457–464.BIERMANN, B. and LINDERMAN, R.G. (1983) Use of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal roots, intraradical vesicles and extraradical vesicles as inoculum. In New Phytolologist, vol. 95,pp. 97–105.BODDINGTON, C.L., and DODD, J.C. (2000) The effect of agricultural practices on the development of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. I. Field studies in an Indonesian ultisol. In Plant Soil, vol. 218, pp. 137–144.BRUNDRETT, M.C. (2002) Coevolution of roots and mycorrhizas of land plants. In New Phytologist, vol. 154, pp. 275–304.DAVISON, J. et al. (2015) Global assessment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus diversity reveals very low endemism. In Science, vol. 349, pp. 970- 973.DOUDS, D.D. Jr, 2005. On-farm production and utilization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus inoculum. In Canadian Journal of Plant Science, vol. 85, pp. 15–21.EVELIN, H., KAPOOR, R. and GIRI, B. (2009) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in alleviation of salt stress: a review. In Annals of Botany, vol. 104, pp.1263–1280.GIOVANNETTI, M. and MOSSE, B. (1980) An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots. In New Phytologist, vol. 84, pp. 489–500.HAZARD, C. et al. (2013) The role of local environment and geographical distance in determining community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at the landscape scale. In The ISME Journal, vol. 7, pp. 498–508.LEKBERG, Y. et al. (2007) Role of niche restrictions and dispersal in the composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities. In Journal of Ecology, vol. 95, pp. 95–105.LIN, X. et al. (2012) Long-term balanced fertilization decreases arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity in an arable soil in north China revealed by 454 pyrosequencing. In Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 46, pp. 5764–5771.OEHL, F. et al. (2003) Impact of land use intensity on the species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agroecosystems of Central Europe. In Applied Environmental Microbiology, vol. 69, pp. 2816–2824.OEHL, F. et al. (2009) Distinct sporulation dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities from different agroecosystems in longterm microcosms. In Agric Ecosyst Environ., vol. 134, pp. 257–268.OEHL, F. et al. (2010) Soil type and land use intensity determine the composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities. In Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol. 42, pp. 724–738.OHSOWSKI, B.M. et al. (2014) Where the wild things are: looking for uncultured Glomeromycota. In New Phytologist, no. 204, pp. 171–179.PEYRET-GUZZON, M. et al. (2016) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities and Rhizophagus irregularis populations shift in response to short term ploughing and fertilisation in a buffer strip. In Mycorrhiza, vol. 26, pp. 33–46.PHILLIPS, J.M. and HAYMAN, D.S. (1970) Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and VA mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. In Trans Br Mycol Soc., vol. 55, no.158–161.PIVATO, B. et al. 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New York: Academic Press. 787 p.VERBRUGGEN, E., and TOBY KIERS, E. (2010) Evolutionary ecology of mycorrhizal functional diversity in agricultural systems. In Evolutionary Appl., no. 3, pp. 547–560.YAMATO, M., IKEDA, S., and IWASE, K. (2009) Community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in drought-resistant plants, Moringa spp., in semiarid regions in Madagascar and Uganda. In Mycoscience., vol. 50, pp. 100–105
Effects of elevated carbon dioxide on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi activities and soil microbial properties in soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) rhizosphere
No full textArticle Details: Received: 2020-03-31 | Accepted: 2020-04-28 | Available online: 2020-09-30 https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2020.23.03.109-116Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) help in promoting plant growth and mediating key belowground processes, however, AMF responses to the continuous increase in the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ) is yet elusive. This has led to considerable interest in the impacts elevated CO2 on AMF and belowground processes in recent years. The present study investigated the effect of elevated CO2 on AMF sporulation and root colonization and soil microbial properties in the rhizosphere of soybean. The pot experiment consisted of two levels of CO2 (ambient; 350 ppm and elevated; 550 ppm) and three soybean cultivars (TGx 1440-1E, TGx 1448-2F and TGx 1480-2F) conducted in open top chambers, laid out in randomized complete block design, replicated thrice. The results showed that elevated CO2 increased the AMF spore density and root colonization of the soybean cultivars. Elevated CO2 increased the microbial biomass carbon (34.2–45.4%), microbial biomass nitrogen (44.6–54.9%), soil nitrogen (30.3–50.6%), available phosphorus (20.8–45.7%) in the rhizosphere of the soybean cultivars compared to the ambient CO2 . These could have resulted in increased plant biomass, pod number, 100-seed weight and seed yield under elevated CO2 . From the results of this study, increased atmospheric CO2 regulates AMF activities, microbial properties and improve soybean performance. Thus, this study may help to a better understanding of the responses of AMF and belowground process with increasing atmospheric CO2.Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, climate change, CO2 enrichment, microbial biomass, open top chambersReferencesADEYEMI, N.O. et al. (2020). Effect of commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculant on growth and yield of soybean under controlled and natural field conditions. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 43(4), 487–499. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2019.1685101ADEYEMI, N.O. et al. (2019). Identification and relative abundance of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with oil-seed crops and maize (Zea mays L.) in derived savannah of Nigeria. Acta fytotechn zootechn, 22(3), 84–89. https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2019.22.03.84-89ADEYEMI, N., SAKARIYAWO, O. and ATAYESE, M. (2017). Yield and yield attributes responses of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) to elevated CO2 and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation in the humid transitory rainforest. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 9(2), 233–241. https://doi.org/10.15835/nsb9210002AINSWORTH, E. A. and ROGERS, A. (2007). The response of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance to rising [CO2 ]: Mechanisms and environmental interactions. 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Change Biol., 19(2), 621–636. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12045DRISSNER, D. et al. (2007). Nine years of enriched CO2 changes the function and structural diversity of soil microorganisms in a Grassland. Eur. J. Soil Sci., 58, 260–269.FANG, H.J. et al. (2015). Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration stimulates soil microbial activity and impacts water-extractable organic carbon in an agricultural soil. Biogeochemistry, 122, 253–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-014-0039-2GAVITO M.E. et al. (2000) Atmospheric CO2 and mycorrhiza effects on biomass allocation and nutrient uptake of nodulated pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants. J Exp Bot, 51,1931–1938.GHANNOUM, O. et al. (2010). Exposure to preindustrial, current and future atmospheric CO2 and temperature differentially affects growth and photosynthesis in Eucalyptus. Global Change Biology, 16, 303–319.GIOVANETTI, M. and MOSSE, B. (1980). An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots. 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The impact of elevated CO2 on yield loss from a C3 and C4 weed in field-grown soybean. Global Change Biology, 6, 899–905
Growth Medium and Soil Amendment Influence on Seedling Growth Responses of African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum)
No full textAfrican Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) classified as a forest food tree with economic potentials requires domestication attention for improved productivity. A study conducted in Abeokuta, Nigeria in 2017 using one year old C. albidum seedlings determined the plant’s growth responses when cultivated using different growth medium and soil amendment methods. The 3 x 9 factorial experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) at three replications. Three textural soil types (sandy, loamy and clayey soils) were evaluated using nine soil amendment methods (5, 10, 15t/ha poultry manure (PM) and 150, 250 and 500kg/ha NPK, and integrated amendment methods using 5t/ha PM+150kg/ha NPK and 10t/ha PM+150kg/ha NPK), and the un-amended plot as control. The results showed that plants in loamy and clayey soils had more leaves compared to those in sandy soil only at 74WAS. C. albidum had most numerous leaves with 150 kg/ha, taller plant and wider canopy with 250 kg/ha, and thicker girth with all NPK rates compared to control, manure rates and integrated fertilizers. The plants with loamy soil had highest CPC, Ash C, FC, starch and sugar. Plants with inorganic fertilizers and integrated fertilizers had higher FW and DW compared to manure rates. The 5 t/ha manure rate and the 250 kg/ha NPK produced plants with high sugar content and were lowest in starch content compared to other applied rates. In conclusion, C. albidum from juvenile to vegetative stage with proper management can be grown on the different soil types while the 150 kg/ha NPK fertilizer rate appeared as optimum for the plant growth
Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve soil chemical properties, growth and symbiotic N2 -fixation in soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars under field condition with low phosphorus availability
No full textAArticle Details: Received: 2020-04-30 | Accepted: 2020-06-16 | Available online: 2020-12-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2020.23.04.182-191 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play an important role in nutrition of most plants as well improving soil fertility. The present study investigated the effects of different AMF isolates (Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices and Claroideoglomus etunicatum) and control on soil chemical properties, growth and nitrogen (N2 ) fixation in two soybean cultivars (TGx 1448-2E and TGx 1440-1E) in phosphorus (P)-deficient soil. The study was laid in split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed increased root colonization (up to 76%) with AMF inoculation compared to uninoculated control. The inoculation of the AMF isolates enhanced the growth parameters, nodulation and dry weights, which resulted in increased number of pods, 100-seed weight and seed yield. More pronounced effects were observed with F. mosseae and R. intraradices inoculation compared to C. etunicatum. In addition, similar trend was observed for P and N content in the plants as well the N2 fixation activities, which resulted in increased total N fixed in both cultivars (up to 27.9 and 27.4 kg ha-1 respectively). After harvest, the results showed improved soil fertility in terms of soil N, available P, soil pH, organic carbon as well as exchangeable cations (calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium) with AMF inoculation. TGx 1448-2E inoculated with F. mosseae gave the highest seed yield (1,773 kg ha-1). The findings from this study suggest that R. intraradices or F. mosseae could be used to enhance N2 -fixation, soil fertility and productivity of soybean in phosphorus-deficient soils.Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, soil phosphorus, relative ureide abundance, soil fertility, soybean productivityReferences ADEYEMI, N. O. et al. (2020). 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Influence of commercial inoculation with Glomus intraradices on the structure and functioning of an AM fungal community from an agricultural site. Plant Soil, 317, 257–266.AYOOLA, O. T. (2006). Effects of fertilizer treatment on soil chemical properties and crop yield in a cassava-based cropping system. Journal of Applied Science and Research, 2(12), 1112–16. http://www.aensiweb.com/old/jasr/jasr/2006/1112-1116.pdfBREMNER, J. and MULVANEY, C. (1982). Agronomy series No. 9. In Nitrogen – Total 1. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological methods, 2nd ed., 595–624. Medison, WI: American Society for Agronomy and Soil Sciences.BROWN, L. K. et al. (2013). Interactions between root hair length and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in phosphorus deficient barley (Hordeum vulgare). Plant and Soil, 372(1–2), 195–205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1718-9CELY, M. et al. (2016). Inoculant of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Rhizophagus clarus) increase yield of soybean and cotton under field conditions. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, 1–9.CHENG, L. et al. (2012). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increase organic carbon decomposition under elevated CO2 . Science, 337, 1084–1087.COTTENIE, A. et al. (1982). Chemical analysis of plant and soil. 63. Gthent, Belgium: Lab. Anal. Agrochem. State University.COZZOLINO, V., DI MEO, V. and PICCOLO, A. (2013). Impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi applications on maize production and soil phosphorus availability. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 129, 40–44.FAOSTAT. (2019). Retrieved July 1, 2019 from http://www.fao.org/faostatGIOVANNETTI, M. and MOSSE, B. (1980). An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots. New Phytol., 84, 489–500. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1980.tb04556.xHERNANDEZ, G. et al. (2009). Global changes in the transcript and metabolic profiles during symbiotic nitrogen fixation in phosphorus-stressed common bean plants. Plant Physiol., 151, 1221–1238.HERRIDGE, D.F. and PEOPLES M.B. (2002). Timing of xylem sampling for ureide analysis of nitrogen fixation. Plant and Soil, 238, 57–67.KIERS, E.T. et al. (2011). Reciprocal rewards stabilize cooperation in the mycorrhizal symbiosis. Science, 333, 880–882.KLEINERT, A. et al. (2014). The reallocation of carbon in P deficient lupins affects biological nitrogen fixation. J. Plant Physiol., 171, 1619–1624.KÖHL, L. et al. (2016), Establishment and effectiveness of inoculated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agricultural soils. Plant Cell Environ., 39, 136–146.MAKINDE, S. O. et al. (2011). Comparative effect of mineral fertilizer and organic manures on growth, nutrient content and yield of Chorcorus olitorus and Celosia argentia. Research Journal of Botany, 6, 150–56. https://doi.org/10.3923/rjb.2011.150.156MURPHY, J. and RILEY, J. (1962). A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analytica Chimica Acta, 27, 31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)88444-5NASR ESFAHANI, M.N. et al. (2016). Adaption of the symbiotic Mesorhizobium – chickpea relationship to phosphate deficiency relies on reprogramming of whole-plant metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci., 113, 4610–4619. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1609440113NELSON, D. W. and SOMMER, L. E. (1982). Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In Methods of soil analysis, ed. A. L. Page, 539–79. 2nd ed. Madison, WI: ASA. Monogr. 9. ASA.ÖPIK, M. Et al. (2010). The online database MaarjAM reveals global and ecosystemic distribution patterns in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota). New Phytologist, 188(1), 223–241.ORTAS, I. (2012). The effect of mycorrhizal fungal inoculation on plant yield, nutrient uptake and inoculation effectiveness under long-term field conditions. Field Crop Res., 125, 35–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2011.08.005OTIE, V. et al. (2019). Liming and Nitrogen Effects on Maize Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2019.1648663PABLO-BARBIERI, A. et al. (2008). Nitrogen use efficiency in maize as affected by nitrogen availability and row spacing. Agronomy Journal, 100, 1094–100. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2006.0057PELLEGRINO, E. et al. (2011). Field inoculation effectiveness of native and exotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a Mediterranean agricultural soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 43(2), 367–376.PEOPLES, M.B. et al. (1989). Development of the xylem ureide assay or the measurement of nitrogen fixation by pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (1.) Millsp.). Journal of Experimental Botany, 40, 535–542.PHILLIPS, J.M. and HAYMAN, D.S. (1970). Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. T Brit Mycol Soc., 55, 158–161.HOADES, J. D. and OSTER, J. D. (1986), Solute content. In Methods of soil analysis. Part 1: Physical and mineralogical methods, ed. A. Klute, 985–1006. 2nd ed. Agronomy. Monograph 9. Madison, WI: ASA and SSSA.RILLIG, M.C. and MUMMEY, D.L. (2006). Mycorrhizas and soil structure. New Phytol., 171, 41–53.ROCHESTER I. et al. (1998). Faba beans and other legumes add nitrogen to irrigated cotton cropping systems. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 38, 253–260.SAIA, S. et al. (2014). The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on total plant nitrogen uptake and nitrogen recovery from soil organic material. J Agric Sci., 152(3), 370–378.SAKARIYAWO O.S. et al. (2016). Growth, assimilate partitioning and grain yield response of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrrill) varieties to carbon dioxide enrichment and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the humid rainforest. Agro-science, 15, 29–40.SBRANA, C. et al. (2011). Plugging into the network: Belowground connections between germlings and extraradical mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Mycologia, 103, 307–316.SMITH, S.E. and READ, D. (2008) The symbionts forming arbuscular mycorrhizas, in: Smith SE, Read D, editors. Mycorrhizal symbiosis (3rd edition). New York: Academic Press. 13–41.SMITH, S. E. and SMITH, F. A. (2011). Mycorrhizas in plant nutrition and growth: new paradigms from cellular to ecosystem scales. Annu. Rev. Plant. Biol., 62, 227–250. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-042110-103846SULIEMAN, S. et al. (2013). Growth and nodulation of symbiotic Medicago truncatula at different levels of phosphorus availability. J Exp Bot., 64(10), 2701–2712. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ert122SULIEMAN, S., SCHULZE, J. and TRAN, L.S.P. (2014). N-feedback regulation is synchronized with nodule carbon alteration in Medicago truncatula under excessive nitrate or low phosphorus conditions. J Plant Physiol., 171, 407–410.SULIEMAN, S. and TRAN, L.S.P. (2015). Phosphorus homeostasis in legume nodules as an adaptive strategy to phosphorus deficiency. Plant Sci., 239, 36–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.06.018VANCE, C. P., UHDE-STONE, C. and ALLAN, D. L. (2003). Phosphorus acquisition and use: critical adaptations by plants for securing a non-56renewable resource. New Phytol., 157, 423–447. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00695.xVARDIEN, W. et al. (2014). Nodules from Fynbos legume Virgilia divaricata have high functional plasticity under variable P supply levels. J Plant Physiol., 171, 1732–1739.VERBRUGGEN, E. et al. (2013). Mycorrhizal fungal establishment in agricultural soils: factors determining inoculation success. New Phytol., 197, 1104–1109. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04348.xWAHID, F. et al. (2016). Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate solubilizing bacteria in the presence of rock phosphate improves phosphorus uptake and growth of maize. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 48(2), 739–747.WEIRSMA, J. V. and BAILEY, T. B. (1975). Estimation of leaflet, trifoliate and total leaf areas of soybean. Agronomy Journal, 67, 26–30. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1975.00021962006700010007xWILLIAMS, A., RIDGWAY, H. J. and NORTON, D. A. (2013). Different arbuscular mycorrhizae and competition with an exotic grass affect the growth of Podocarpus cunninghamii Colenso cuttings. New Forests, 44(2), 183–195.YOUNG, E.G. and CONWAY, C.F. (1942). On the estimation of allantoin by the rimini-schryver reaction. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 142, 839–853
Phosphate fertilization regulates arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in roots of soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars in a humid tropical soil
No full textThe effect of phosphate fertilization on arbuscular mycorhizal symbiosis and grain yields of soybean cultivars was investigated on P deficient soil. A two-year field study (2017-2018) consisting of two soybean cultivars (TGx 1448-2E and TGx 1440-1E) and three phosphate rates [0, 20 and 40 kg P2O5 ha-1) was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that P fertilization significantly (p < 0.001) reduced AMF root colonization of both cultivars in the two cropping years. The arbuscular, vesicular, internal hyphae and total colonization in the root cortex of the soybean cultivars were significantly (p < 0.001) reduced with high P (40 kg) application. However, moderate P (20 kg) promote AMF symbiosis in roots of ‘TG x 1448-2E‘. Dry mass (root and shoot), P uptake and grain yield of the soybean cultivars were significantly (p < 0.001) increased with increasing P ferilization. There was a strong linear relationships between root colonization and total dry matter mass (r = 0.81), P uptake (r = 0.81) and grain yield (r = 0.85). Thus, it could be concluded that moderate P fertilizer application is needed to promote mycorrhizal symbiosis in soybean and sustainable crop production in humid tropical soil
Diversity of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in rhizosphere of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties in Southwest Nigeria
No full textArticle Details: Received: 2020-02-05 | Accepted: 2020-05-07 | Available online: 2020-06-30https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2020.23.02.42-48 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have the potential to increase crop productivity and play a key role in the functioning and sustainability of most agroecosystems. However, limited information is available on the divervisity of AMF associated with upland rice varieties in Southwest Nigeria. Field survey was conducted to investigate colonization and diversity of AMF in 13 upland rice varieties commonly grown in Southwest Nigeria. Root and soil samples were collected from rice fields in 2012. The results showed natural root colonization of all the rice varieties by AMF with highest root colonization in ITA 157and Ofada. The spore densities retrieved from the different rhizospheres were relatively high, varying from 13 spores in UORW 111 to 174 spores in Ofada with a mean of 67.6 spores per 20 g dry soil. Glomus was observed to be the most abundant AMF genus. Funneliformis mosseae was the most frequently occurring AMF species (96.2%) with relative density (RD) of 32.2%, followed by Glomus intraradices, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, and Glomus clareium. This study showed that AMF naturally colonized the roots of these rice varieties and diversity of different AMF genera in rice rhizosphere. This study will help draw attention to natural colonization of AMF in rice producing areas of Nigeria that can influence future possibility of using inocula of the dominant AMF species in upland rice cultivation.Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, community structure, diversity, upland rice, spore densityReferences ADEYEMI, N.O. et al. (2020). Effect of commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculant on growth and yield of soybean under controlled and natural field conditions. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 43(4), 487–499, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/019041 67.2019.1685101 ADEYEMI, N.O. et al. (2019). Identification and relative abundance of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with oil-seed crops and maize (Zea mays L.) in derived savannah of Nigeria. Acta fytotechn zootechn, 22(3), 84–89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2019.22.03.84-89 ADEYEMI, N. et al. (2017). Yield and yield attributes responses of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) to elevated CO2 and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation in the humid transitory rainforest. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 9(2), 233–241. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15835/nsb9210002 BARBER, N.A. et al. (2013). Linking agricultural practices, mycorrhizal fungi, and traits mediating plant-insect interactions. Ecol Appl, 23(7), 1519–1530.BŁASZKOWSKI, J. (2012) Glomeromycota. Kraków: W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences. BOUYOUCOS, G.H. (1951). A recalibration of the hydrometer method for testing mechanical analysis of soils. Agronomy Journal, 43,434–438.BRUNDRETT, M.C. and TEDERSOO, L. (2018) Evolutionary history of mycorrhizal symbioses and global host plant diversity. New Phytol, 220,1108–1115. CAMPOS-SORIANO, L. et al. (2010). Activation of basal defense mechanisms of rice plants by Glomus intraradices does not affect the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. New Phytol, 188(2), 597–614. CHEN, M. et al. (2018) Beneficial services of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi – from ecology to application. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01270DAVISON, J. et al. (2015). Global assessment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus diversity reveals very low endemism. Science, 349, 970–973. DE ANDRADE-JÚNIOR, J.A. et al. (2018) Fixação de carbono em sistemas agroecológicos na região do Vale do São Patrício, Goiás. Científica – Multidiscip J, 5, 85–98. DE MOURA, J.B. et al. (2018) Taxa de colonização micorrízica sob diferentes sistemas de cultivo no cerrado em cana-deaçúcar. Diálogos & Ciência, 2, 60–66. GIANINAZZI, S. et al. (2010). Agroecology: The key role of arbuscular mycorrhizas in ecosystem services. Mycorrhiza, 20(8), 519–530. INVAM (2018). International culture collection of (vesicular) arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Morgantown: West Virginia University. HAZARD, C. et al. (2013). The role of local environment and geographical distance in determining community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at the landscape scale. The ISME Journal, 7, 498–508. JIANG, Y.N. et al. (2017). Plants transfer lipids to sustain colonization by mutualistic mycorrhizal and parasitic fungi. Science, 356, 1172–1175. JOHNSON, N.C. (2010). Resource stoichiometry elucidates the structure and function of arbuscular mycorrhizas across scales. New Phytol, 185(3), 631–647. LEKBERG, Y. and KOIDE, R.T. (2005). Is plant performance limited by abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi? A metaanalysis of studies published between 1988 and 2003. New Phytol, 168(1). LIN, X. et al. (2012). Long-term balanced fertilization decreases arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity in an arable soil in north China revealed by 454 pyrosequencing. Environmental Science & Technology, 46, 5764–5771. LUGINBUEHL, L.H. et al. (2017). Fatty acids in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are synthesized by the host plant. Science, 356, 1175–1178. LUMINI, E. et al. (2011). Different farming and water regimes in Italian rice fields affect arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal soil communities. Ecol Appl, 21(5), 1696–1707.OEHL, F. et al. (2010). Soil type and land use intensity determine the composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 42, 724–738. OEHL, F. et al. (2017) Diversity and biogeography of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agricultural soils. Biol Fertil Soils, (53), 777–797. PEYRET-GUZZON, M. et al. (2016). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities and Rhizophagus irregularis populations shift in response to short term ploughing and fertilisation in a buffer strip. Mycorrhiza, 26, 33–46. PHILLIPS, J.M. and HAYMAN, D.S. (1970). Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Trans Br Mycol Soc., 55,158–IN18. PIVATO, B. et al. (2007). Medicago species affect the community composition of arbuscular myccorhizal fungi associated with roots. New Phytologist 176, 197–210. RILLIG, M.C. and MUMMEY, D.L. (2006). Mycorrhizas and soil structure. New Phytol, 171(1), 41–53. SILVA-FLORES, P. et al. (2019) Factors affecting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spore density in the Chilean Mediterraneantype ecosystem. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr, 19, 42–50. SMITH, S.E. and READ, D.J. (2008). Mycorrhizal symbiosis. 3rd ed., New York: Academic Press. SNOECK, D. et al. (2010). Temporal changes in VAM fungi in the cocoa agroforestry systems of central Cameroon. Agroforestry Syst., 78, 323–328. SOUZA, B.R. et al. (2016) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as indicative of soil quality in conservation systems in the region of vale do São Patrício, Goiás. Int J Curr Res, 8, 43307–43311.VALLINO, et al. (2014). Rice flooding negatively impacts root branching and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization, but not fungal viability. Plant Cell Environ, 37(3), 557–572. VAN Der HEIJDEN, M.G. et al. (2015) Mycorrhizal ecology and evolution: the past, the present, and the future. New Phytol 205, 1406–1423. VENTURA, M.V.A, et al. (2018) Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the establishment of pre-broken sugar cane. Poljoprivreda i Sumarstvo, 64,149–157. WALKLEY, A., and BLACK, I.A. (1934). An examination of Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and proposed modification of the chromic acid in soil analysis.1. Experimental soil science, 79, 459–465. WANG, Y.T. et al. (2015). Community dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in high-input and intensively irrigated rice cultivation systems. Appl Environ Microbiol, 81(8), 2958–2965. ZHANG, S.J. et al. (2015). Is resource allocation and grain yield of rice altered by inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi? J Plant Ecol, 8(4), 436–448
JOURNAL OF HUMAN KINETICS AND HEALTH EDUCATION PEDAGOGY
No full text© Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education Faculty of Education,
Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti Nigeria.
Website: www.humankineticsedu.com
All right reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the Editor-in-Chief.
A publication of the:
Department of Human Kinetics & Health Education Faculty of Education,
Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti
EDITORIAL
Publishing of well researched papers in reputable journals has become an indispensable culture that must necessarily be adhered to by all academics in the university system. Now that the publishing market has been proliferated by all manners of seemingly "International Journals" the Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, EKSU has decided to float a journal that will attain all the attributes of Real International Standards.
The birth of this journal, (Journal of Human Kinetics and Health Education Pedagogy), did not come out of the blues, but came as a result of deliberate efforts of some members of the Department, who used their many years of vast experiences in editing, reviewing and publishing quality papers in many renowned, local and international journals.
The maiden edition ensures the publication of articles from different segments of human kinetics, health education and related issues. The journal also enjoys wide- spread patronage from different authors to ascertain its global outlook.
Members of the Editorial Board wish to assure the reading public and intending authors that this journal shall be published on regular basis in conformity with the dynamic trend in academic world. Our appreciation goes to the Heads of Department, past and present, the Professors and other members of the Department for their contributions to the successful launch of this journal.
Professor Isaac Olusola AKINDUTIRE,
Editor- In- Chief
EDITORIAL BOARD
Editor –in-Chief - Professor I. O. Akindutire
Managing Editor - Professor J. A. Adegboyega
Acting Head of Department - Dr. O.M. Bolarinwa
Consulting Editors
Prof. A. L. Toriola - Tehwane University of Technology,South Africa Prof. E. B. Okunrotifa - Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife
Prof. J. F. Babalola - University of Ibadan, Ibadan
Prof. Pat Oyeniyi - Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti
Prof. J. A. Adegun - Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti
Prof. O. O. Obiyemi - University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State
Prof. C. A. Ajibola - University of Calabar
Prof. L. O. Eboh - Delta State University, Abraka
Prof. A. O. Akeredolu - Lagos State University, Ojoo, Lagos
Prof. B. O. Ogundele - University of Ibadan, Ibadan
Publication Committee
Prof. J. A. Adegboyega - Chairman
Prof. O. B. Ajayi-Vincent - Member
Dr. (Mrs.) E. O. Adeloye - Member
Mrs. O. O. Aina - Member
Dr (Mrs.) A. O. Awosusi - Secretary
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Only manuscripts that adhere to the guidelines below will be accepted for publication in the Journal of Human Kinetics and Health Education:
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Editor-In-Chief Editor:
Prof. I. O. Akindutire Prof. J. A. Adegboyega,
Department of Human Kinetics Department of Human Kinetics
& Health Education, & Health Education,
Faculty of Education, Faculty of Education,
Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti
+2348033738145 +2348037400188
Assistant Editor Ag. Head of Department
Dr. (Mrs.) A. O. Awosusi Dr. O.M. Bolarinwa
Department of Human Kinetics Department of Human Kinetics
& Health Education, & Health Education,
Faculty of Education, Faculty of Education,
Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti
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JOURNAL OF HUMAN KINETICS AND HEALTH EDUCATION PEDAGOGY: Exploring the Environment for Sustainable Development: The Plight of Nigerian Children
No full textDepartment of Human Kinetics and Health Education Faculty of Education,
Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti Nigeria.
Website: www.humankineticsedu.com
All right reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the Editor-in-Chief.
A publication of the:
Department of Human Kinetics & Health Education Faculty of Education,
Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti
EDITORIAL
Publishing of well researched papers in reputable journals has become an indispensable culture that must necessarily be adhered to by all academics in the university system. Now that the publishing market has been proliferated by all manners of seemingly "International Journals" the Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, EKSU has decided to float a journal that will attain all the attributes of Real International Standards.
The birth of this journal, (Journal of Human Kinetics and Health Education Pedagogy), did not come out of the blues, but came as a result of deliberate efforts of some members of the Department, who used their many years of vast experiences in editing, reviewing and publishing quality papers in many renowned, local and international journals.
The maiden edition ensures the publication of articles from different segments of human kinetics, health education and related issues. The journal also enjoys wide- spread patronage from different authors to ascertain its global outlook.
Members of the Editorial Board wish to assure the reading public and intending authors that this journal shall be published on regular basis in conformity with the dynamic trend in academic world. Our appreciation goes to the Heads of Department, past and present, the Professors and other members of the Department for their contributions to the successful launch of this journal.
Professor Isaac Olusola AKINDUTIRE, Editor- In- Chief
EDITORIAL BOARD
Editor –in-Chief - Professor I. O. Akindutire
Managing Editor - Professor J. A. Adegboyega Acting Head of Department - Dr. (Mrs.) P. E. Konwea
Consulting Editors
Prof. A. L. Toriola - Tehwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
Prof. E. B. Okunrotifa - Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife
Prof. J. F. Babalola - University of Ibadan, Ibadan
Prof. J. B. Omonu - Ibrahim Babangida University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria
Prof. J. A. Adegun - Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti
Prof. O. O. Obiyemi - University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State
Prof. C. A. Ajibola - University of Calabar
Prof. L. O. Eboh - Delta State University, Abraka
Prof. A. O. Akeredolu - Lagos State University, Ojoo, Lagos
Prof. B. O. Ogundele - University of Ibadan, Ibadan
Publication Committee
Prof. J. A. Adegboyega - Chairman
Prof. O. B. Ajayi -Vincent - Member
Dr. (Mrs.) E. O. Adeloye - Member
Mrs. O. O. Aina - Member
Dr (Mrs.) A. O. Awosusi - Secretary
GUIDELINES FOR PAPER SUBMISSION
Only manuscripts that adhere to the guidelines below will be accepted for publication in the Journal of Human Kinetics and Health Education:
The manuscript should be typed in double line space on A4 size paper with Microsoft words, Times New Roman, 12 point font size, preferred manuscript length is 12 typewritten pages.
The title of article, author\u27s name and affiliation and the full address, showing e-mail address and mobile phone number to which correspondence should be sent must be submitted on a separate
The abstract must not be more than 200 italicized words with focus on the purpose, methods, findings and recommendations; and a maximum of five key words.
Tables and figures are to be fixed appropriately in the manuscript. Tables should be in 2 decimal places and levels of significance clearly stated, where applicable.
Materials forwarded to the Journal for consideration should be original and not have been submitted to another publication or published elsewhere.
The current APA style of referencing should be Visit www.apastyle.org
Paper acceptance notification will be made known to contributors within 2 weeks after paper
The Journal does not charge submission fee like other
It is expected that the publication will be out by July,
Papers for publication should be submitted electronically as attachment, preferably in word document file, to the editor via the e-mail below:
[email protected]; Copy: [email protected], [email protected]
FOR FURTHER ENQUIRIES
All Correspondence address to:
Editor-In-Chief Editor:
Prof. I. O. Akindutire Prof. J. A. Adegboyega,
Department of Human Kinetics Department of Human Kinetics
& Health Education, & Health Education,
Faculty of Education, Faculty of Education,
Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti
+2348033738145 +2348037400188
Assistant Editor Ag. Head of Department
Dr. (Mrs.) A. O. Awosusi Dr. (Mrs.) P.E. Konwea
Department of Human Kinetics Department of Human Kinetics
& Health Education, & Health Education,
Faculty of Education, Faculty of Education,
Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti
+2348030707463 +2348033952887
 
