11 research outputs found
The significance of supply chain management with regard to the attainment of value and strategic objectives for municipalities within South Africa : a case study
No full textThesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Supply chain management (SCM) in the public sector in general, as well as the municipal
sphere in particular, has received increasing prominence over past few years. Although
the focus is mainly due to the impact of fraud and corruption in public sector procurement,
this author is of the opinion that SCM can also create value and aid in the attainment of
strategic objectives. The study revealed that supply chain management is described as a
process in literature, whilst it is described as a system by government. Of significance to
this, is that both literature and government view SCM as a means to add value. The study
also revealed that in order for SCM to add value and to contribute to the attainment of
strategic objectives, it is important that SCM forms part of the performance management
(PM) system of an organisation. Performance measurement tools, such as the balanced
scorecard, benchmarking, improvement and other measurement tools, were introduced as
tried and trusted methods for measuring SCM performance. The study was embarked upon because the author was of the opinion that municipalities in
South Africa only implement SCM because it is required by legislation. Thus, this theory
was tested at Hessequa Municipality and it was found that the current emphasis was on
compliance at Hessequa Municipality. This was done by means of studying documentary
evidence and through interviews conducted with various internal and external stakeholders
either directly or indirectly affected by the SCM processes of Hessequa Municipality. The
study tested Hessequa Municipality’s readiness to progress towards performance
management and measurement by using the financial capability model for SCM as utilised
by the Western Cape Government to ascertain the level of SCM implementation at
municipalities. It was found that Hessequa Municipality meets almost all the compliance
and control requirements, with only two areas that require slight attention before full
compliance is achieved. Through the interviews conducted, the study also tested
Hessequa Municipality’s willingness to progress to the next level and found that there was
indeed a willingness to progress towards managing and measuring SCM activities.
In conclusion, the study recommended that Hessequa Municipality uses a phased-in
approach when it sets processes in place to progress towards performance managing
SCM. That when developing performance indicators for SCM, it be aligned to the
performance management system and targets of the municipality. It also recommended
that a combination of the tried and trusted methods be used to measure SCM performance. Finally, it recommended that the municipality eradicates the silo approach to
doing business and adopts a more integrated approach by firstly integrating its internal
processes before embarking upon integrating the actions of all the agents within the
supply chain.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Voorsieningskanaalbestuur (VKB) in die openbare sektor oor die algemeen sowel as in die
munisipale omgewing in besonder, het gedurende die afgelope jare al hoe meer na die
voorgrond getree. Alhoewel die fokus hoofsaaklik toegeskryf word aan die impak van
bedrog en korrupsie op verkryging in die openbare sektor, is die skrywer van mening dat
VKB ook waarde kan toevoeg en tot die die behaling van strategiese doelwitte kan bydra.
Die studie het aan die lig gebring dat VKB in literatuur as ’n proses beskryf word, maar
deur die regering as ’n stelsel beskryf word. Wat egter van belang is, is dat beide die
literatuur en regering VKB as ’n middel beskou om waarde toe te voeg. Die studie het ook
openbaar dat, ten einde vir VKB om waarde toe te voeg en tot die behaling van strategiese
doelwitte by te dra, dit belangrik is dat VKB ’n deel vorm van die prestasiebestuurstelsel
van ’n organisasie. Prestasiemetingsinstrumente soos die gebalanseerde telkaart,
doelwitstelling, verbetering en ander metingsinstrumente is ingestel as bewese metodes
om VKB-prestasie te meet. Die studie is onderneem omdat die skrywer van mening was dat munisipaliteite in Suid-
Afrika slegs VKB implementeer omdat wetgewing dit vereis. Hierdie teorie is by Hessequa
Munisipaliteit getoets en daar is gevind dat die huidige klem op voldoening aan
wetsvereistes is. Die toets is gedoen deur dokumentêre bewyse te bestudeer, asook deur
onderhoude te voer met verskeie interne en eksterne rolspelers wat óf direk óf indirek deur
die VKB-prosesse van Hessequa Munisipaliteit geraak word. Die studie het Hessequa
Munisipaliteit se gereedheid om na prestasiebestuur en -meting te vorder, getoets deur
van die finansiële vermoë-model gebruik te maak wat deur die Wes-Kaapse Regering
gebruik word. Hierdie model word gebruik om die vlak van VKB-implementering by
munisipaliteite te bepaal. Daar is gevind dat Hessequa Munisipaliteit aan feitlik alle
vereistes vir nakoming en beheer voldoen, buiten twee gebiede wat geringe aandag verg
alvorens volle nakoming behaal word. Deur onderhoude te voer, het die studie ook
Hessequa Munisipaliteit se bereidwilligheid getoets om na die volgende vlak te vorder.
Daar is gevind dat daar inderdaad ’n begeerte was om na die bestuurs- en
metingsaktiwiteite van VKB te beweeg.
Laastens het die studie aanbeveel dat Hessequa Munisipaliteit ’n infaseringsbenadering
gebruik wanneer prosesse in plek gestel word om na VKB-prestasiebestuur te vorder. Wanneer prestasie-aanwysers vir VKB ontwikkel word, moet dit met die prestasiebestuurstelsel
en -doelwitte van die munisipaliteit belyn word. Dit word ook aanbeveel dat ’n
kombinasie van die beproefde en getoetste metodes gebruik word om VKB-prestasie te
meet. Die laaste aanbeveling is dat die munisipaliteit die silo-benadering van sake doen
uitwis en ’n meer geïntegreerde benadering aanneem. Die interne prosesse moet eers
geïntegreer word, waarna die handelinge van al die rolspelers in VKB geïntegreer word.Master
Emittance preservation of an electron beam in a loaded quasilinear plasma wakefield
No full textWe investigate beam loading and emittance preservation for a high-charge electron beam being accelerated in quasilinear plasma wakefields driven by a short proton beam. The structure of the studied wakefields are similar to those of a long, modulated proton beam, such as the AWAKE proton driver. We show that by properly choosing the electron beam parameters and exploiting two well known effects, beam loading of the wakefield and full blow out of plasma electrons by the accelerated beam, the electron beam can gain large amounts of energy with a narrow final energy spread (%-level) and without significant emittance growth
Dr. Lav Znidarčić, Catholic Employee, Croatian Prisoner and Long-Term President of the Crusade Organization (Split, August 14, 1918 – Zagreb, December 23, 2001)
No full textAutor je na temelju neobjavljene arhivske građe i recentne literature istražio život i djelovanje dr. Lava Znidarčića, katoličkoga djelatnika, hrvatskoga uznika i dugogodišnjega predsjednika Velikoga križarskog bratstva, vodeće katoličke organizacije u tadašnjoj Kraljevini Jugoslaviji. Dužnost predsjednika Velikoga križarskog bratstva (VKB-a) obnašao je od 1942. do 1945. godine kada ga je izabrao, a potom i potvrdio zagrebački nadbiskup dr. Alojzije Stepinac. Bio je predsjednik VKB-a sve do njegova raspuštanja 1945. godine, ali ga je potajno vodio sve do 1993.
godine kada njegovo predsjedanje preuzima dr. sc. Petar Kraljević, prof. Dr. Lav Znidarčić rodio se 14. kolovoza 1918. u Splitu u tradicionalnoj katoličkoj obitelji. Iako kršćanski odgajan, jedan dio njegove obitelji prihvatio je marksističku
ideologiju i ateistički svjetonazor.
Dr. Lav Znidarčić od najranije se mladosti opredijelio za Orlovsku organizaciju u kojoj je već 1926. postao njezinim aktivnim članom. Nakon što je Šestosiječanjskom diktaturom 1929. njezin rad bio zabranjen, početkom 1930. aktivno se uključio u osnivanje i rad Križarske organizacije. U vrijeme Drugoga svjetskog rata pokazao se kao mudar i pragmatičan vođa Velikoga križarskog bratstva te dosljedan i odan ideji blaženoga Ivana Merza o izvanstranačnosti i nepolitičnosti Križarske organizacije, što je dosljedno zastupao sve do svoje smrti.
Zbog njegova društvenog angažmana nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata, komunistička ga je vlast više puta uhićivala i osuđivala, ali ga to nije pokolebalo u radu ostavši do kraja dosljedan ideji blaženoga Ivana Merza i Katoličkoj akciji.Based on unpublished archival material and recent literature, the author researched the life and work of Dr. Lav Znidarčić, a Catholic worker, Croatian prisoner and longtime president of the Great Crusade, the leading Catholic organization in the then Kingdom of Yugoslavia. He was the president of the Great Crusade (VKB) in the period from 1942 until 1945, when he was elected and then confirmed by the Archbishop of Zagreb, Dr. Alojzije Stepinac. He was the president of the VKB until the dissolution of the organization in 1945, but even after that he secretly led the organization until 1993, when the chairmanship of the organization was taken over by prof. dr. sc. Petar Kraljevic.
Dr. Lav Znidarčić, was born on August 14, 1918 in Split to a traditional Catholic family. Even though they were raised Christian, one part of his family accepted Marxist ideology and an atheistic worldview.
From the earliest youth, Lav Znidarčić was a part of the Eagle Organization, in which he became an active member in 1926. After the Six-January Dictatorship banned his work in 1929, he became actively involved in the founding and work of the Crusader Organization in January 1930. During the Second World War, he proved to be a wise and pragmatic leader of the Great Crusade and consistent and loyal to the idea of the blessed Ivan Merz on the non-partisanship and non-politics of the Crusade, which he consistently advocated until his death.
Due to his social engagement after the Second World War, he was arrested and condemned several times by the communist authorities, but this did not sway him in his work and he remained completely consistent with the idea of the Blessed Ivan Merz and Catholic Action
Die Einordnung der Stickstoffrueckbelastung aus der anaeroben Schlammstabilisierung in den Bilanzrahmen einer kommunalen Abwasserreinigungsanlage
No full textDurch die verschiedenen mechanischen und biologischen Abwasserreinigungs-und Stabilisierungsverfahren ergeben sich zahlreiche Verfahrenskombinationen, welche wiederum durch die Art des Kanalsystems unterschiedlich beeinflusst werden. Das historisch gewachsene System von Mischwasserkanal und einstufiger Belebungsanlage mit anaerober Stabilisierung stellt derzeit den wohl gebraeuchlichsten Typ der Abwasserableitung und -reinigung dar. Die vielfach gekoppelten Beziehungen innerhalb dieses Systems sind noch nicht ausreichend sicher im Komplex beschreibbar. Probleme ergeben sich dann, wenn es gilt, langfristige Aussagen hinsichtlich der Aufteilung der in die Umwelt abgegebenen Stoffstroeme zu machen. Die in den technischen Regelwerken formulierten Bemessungsgrundlagen beachten die anlageninternen Rueckkopplungen nur unzureichend. Dies fuehrt z.B. dazu, dass unabhaengig von der tatsaechlichen Prozessrueckkopplung zwischen Abwasserreinigungsanlage und Stabilisierungsstufe eine pauschale zulaufseitige N-Frachterhoehung festgelegt wird. Die folgenden Ausfuehrungen haben zum Ziel, die ursaechlichen Beziehungen zwischen diesen Prozessen so zu interpretieren, dass die Beachtung des Stoffstromes 'Stickstoff im Prozesswasser' den tatsaechlichen Erfordernissen eines Abwasserreinigungssystems gerecht wird. Die Aussagen beziehen sich grundsaetzlich auf die Verfahrenstechnik 'VKB-BB-NKB-alkalische Faulung'. Das hier angewendete methodische Vorgehen ist grundsaetzlich auf die Bilanzierung der Stickstoffstroeme in Anlagen mit aerob-thermophiler Schlammstabilisierung uebertragbar. (orig.)The author investigated the increase in the nitrogen freight resulting from anaerobic sludge stabilisation, which is commonly neglected in the pertinent technical regulations. The investigations focus on alkaline digestion but can be applied also to plants with aerobic-thermophilic sludge stabilisation.SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RR 5729(15)+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman
Diffusion in Liquids: Equilibrium Molecular Simulations and Predictive Engineering Models
No full textThe aim of this thesis is to study multicomponent diffusion in liquids using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. Diffusion plays an important role in mass transport processes. In binary systems, mass transfer processes have been studied extensively using both experiments and molecular simulations. From a practical point of view, systems consisting more than two components are more interesting. However, experimental and simulation data on transport diffusion for such systems are scarce. Therefore, a more detailed knowledge on mass transfer in multicomponent systems is required. The presence of multiple components in a system introduces difficulties in studying diffusion in experiments. Investigating the concentration dependence of diffusion coefficients seriously increases the required experimental effort. In this thesis, we will use MD simulation based on classical force fields to study multicomponent diffusion in liquids. Diffusion can be described using both Fick and Maxwell- Stefan (MS) diffusion coefficients. Experiments provide Fick diffusion coefficients while simulations usually provide MS diffusion coefficients. Fick and MS diffusivities are related via the matrix of thermodynamic factors. A brief survey on methods for studying liquid diffusion and their limitations is presented in chapter 1 In chapter 2, we study the diffusion in the ternary system n-hexane-cyclohexanetoluene. The existing models for predicting MS diffusivities at finite concentrations (i:e: the Vignes equation) as well as the predictions at infinite dilution (i:e: predictions of Ðxk!1 i j using the so-called WK, KT, VKB, DKB and RS models) are tested using MD simulations. We find that (1) the Vignes equation only results in reasonable predictions for MS diffusivities yielding differences of 13% compared to the actual diffusion coefficients; (2) the best predictive model (the KT model) for calculating MS diffusivities at infinite dilution results in differences of 8% compared to the actual diffusion coefficients. It is important to note that the differences of 8% can be a coincidence since KT model is empirical and does not have a theoretical basis. This limitation makes KT model unreliable for other systems. To overcome the difficulties in predicting ternary MS diffusivities at infinite dilution (i:e: Ðxk!1 i j ), we derive the so-called LBV model based on the Onsager relations. MS diffusivities at infinite dilution can be expressed in terms of binary and pure component self-diffusivities and integrals over velocity cross-correlation functions. By neglecting the latter terms, we obtain the LBV model. In chapter 3, the LBV model is validated for WCA fluids and the ternary systems n-hexane-cyclohexane-toluene and methanol-ethanol-water. We find that: (1) for ideal mixtures i:e: the WCA system, as well as the n-hexane-cyclohexane-toluene system, the LBV model is accurate and superior compared to the existing models for predicting ternary MS diffusivities at infinite dilution (i:e: the WK, KT, VKB, DKB and RS models); (2) in mixtures containing associating components, i:e: the ethanol-methanol-water system, the LBV model indicates that in this system the integrals over velocity cross-correlation functions are important and cannot be neglected. Moreover, the LBV model provides an explanation why the MS diffusivity describing the friction between adsorbed components in a porous material is usually very large. In chapter 4, we focus on describing the values of MS diffusivities at finite concentration. A multicomponent Darken model for describing the concentration dependence of MS diffusivities is derived from linear response theory and the Onsager relations. In addition, a predictive model for the required self-diffusivities in the mixture is proposed leading to the so-called predictive Darken-LBV model. We compare our novel models to the existing generalized Vignes equation and the generalized Darken equation. Two systems are considered: (1) ternary and quaternary WCA systems; (2) the ternary system n-hexane-cyclohexane-toluene. Our results show that in all studied systems, our predictive Darken-LBV equation describes the concentration dependence better than the existing models. The physically-based Darken-LBV model provides a sound and robust framework for prediction of MS diffusion coefficients in multicomponent mixtures. In chapter 5, diffusion in more complex ionic liquid (IL) systems are investigated. Previous research reported in literature has largely focused on self-diffusion in ILs. For practical applications, mutual (transport) diffusion is by far more important than self-diffusion. We compute the MS diffusivities in binary systems containing 1-alkyl- 3- methylimidazolium chloride (CnmimCl), water and/or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The dependence of MS diffusivities on mixture composition are investigated. Our results show that: (1) For solutions of ILs in water and DMSO, self-diffusivities decrease strongly with increasing IL concentration. For the system DMSO-IL, an exponential decay is observed for this; (2) For both water-IL and DMSO-IL, MS diffusivities vary by a factor of 10 within the concentration range which is still significantly smaller than the variation of the self diffusivities; (3) The MS diffusivities of the investigated IL are almost independent of the alkyl chain length; (4) ILs stay in a form of isolated ions in CnmimCl-H2O mixtures, however, dissociation into ions is much less observed in CnmimCl-DMSO systems. This has a large effect on the concentration dependence of MS diffusivities; (5) The LBV model for predicting the MS diffusivity at infinite dilution described in chapter 3 suggests that velocity cross-correlation functions in ionic liquids cannot be neglected and that the dissociation of ILs into ion pairs has a very strong influence on diffusion. In experiments, Fick diffusion coefficients are measured and molecular simulation usually provides MS diffusivities. These approaches are related via the matrix of thermodynamic factors which is usually known only with large uncertainties. This leaves a gap between theory and application. In chapter 6, we introduce a consistent and efficient framework for the determination of Fick diffusivities in liquid mixtures directly from equilibrium MD simulations by calculating both the thermodynamic factor and the MS diffusivity. This provides the missing step to extract Fick diffusion coefficients directly from equilibrium MD simulations. The computed Fick diffusivities of acetone-methanol and acetone-tetrachloromethane mixtures are in excellent agreement with experimental values. The suggested framework thus provides an efficient route to model diffusion in liquids based on a consistent molecular picture. In chapter 7, we validate our method for computing Fick diffusivities using equilibrium MD simulations for the ternary system chloroform - acetone - methanol. Even though a simple molecular model is used (i:e: rigid molecules that interact by Lennard-Jones and electrostatic interactions), the computed thermodynamic factors are in close agreement with experiments. Validation data for diffusion coefficients is only available for two binary sub-systems. In these binary systems, MD results and experiments do agree well. For the ternary system, the computed thermodynamic factors using Molecular Dynamics simulation are in excellent agreement with experimental data and better than the ones obtained from COSMO-SAC calculations. Therefore, we expect that the computed Fick diffusivities should also be comparable with experiments. Our results suggest that the presented approach allows for an efficient and consistent prediction of multicomponent Fick diffusion coefficients from MD simulations. Now, a tool for guiding experiments and interpreting multicomponent mass transfer is available.Process & EnergyMechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin
An Annotative Approach to Better Hyperauthoring and Associative Linking
No full textEarly hypertext visionaries proposed entire online archives of the world's literature, with everything associatively linked to everything else. Today, the most widespread hypertext system is the World-Wide Web (WWW), a publicly accessible and globally distributed medium. However, the WWW is not living up to the promise of hypertext associativity - the majority of hypertext linking on the WWW is estimated to be intended for navigational purposes only. WWW authors typically have new ideas to contribute, and assert particular relationships between these and existing ideas already published in order to demonstrate both the reliability of the conceptual foundation being built on, and the innovation and significance of the new ideas. However, these associations are rarely rendered as associative links which seamlessly link the new material into the global context. This research investigates the possibility of capturing these implicit inter-document associations through annotation, and then using these annotations to assist the hyperauthoring process. The hypothesis of this work is therefore that by capturing inter-document associations through annotation, a better hyperauthoring process will result, both in terms of the quality and coverage of the new writing, and in terms of the seamless (associative) integration with the global context, helping the WWW evolve to achieve all of its potential hypertextual richness. The Annotation LInking ENvironment (ALIEN) has been implemented to demonstrate techniques for capturing inter-document associations made by an author whilst reading, using free form annotations. Further work proposed includes the re-purposing of these captured associations to assist the authoring and linking processes through dynamic visualisation of the association structures "as-you-type", and automatic associative linking
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No full textlatin fain Alio Mimrs
TWENTY-SECOND YEAR.
EIGHT PAGES.
PALO ALTO, CAL., WEDNESDAY, JUNE 14. 1914.
EIGHT PAGES.
NO. 146.
CUT GLASS
SEE IT IV OVR WINDOW AND SOTS THE PRICE—ABOUT
HALF WHAT V.lf ID!ALLY PAY. TO RKDCOE OIR STOCK
WE REM-CR TUB PRICE VOU ONE WEEK ONLY. WE ABE
JI ST I'M'.trKIMi URCE EASTERN SHIPMENTS IMP have
LOTS OpV'y AND HANDSOME OOOH8 TO SHOW YOIV el Use
Palo Alto Hardware Co.
PHONE 65.
Right in tbe Center of tbs City.
"There le DO senile too smell for
tbe genuine American."—Dr. fiun-
■ s.p.-h.r the FIVE STRONG
FISGKKS—Use tewere ot l2*eoen*2t*
met Ct9m*t**r thei me mekaeo the
Item AIM*el Ve* pTOUBTH
Dr. O.
SKR\1(*£.
m spelled S.&R-V-I-0-E
RIGHT NOW WE-ARE HAVING
OCB SUMMER SALE—OCR RE-
DVCmONS ARS GENUINE AND
j WB ABB ALWAYS AT Y.H'It NER-
! VKB AND V.IMI TO SIVIV Y<if
! WHETHBR YOf 111 V OR NOT.
At Your Own Terms
MODERN IHNC.ALOYV, FIVE ROOMS, BUFFET KITCIIKN. COMBINATION SLEEPING PORCH AND BEDBOOM, CHINA CLOpSET
AND PHBM<m .BIUCK AND SANDSTONE FIBEPLACB IN .... -
mo room—
$2,750.00
It INVKSTIOATE THB. YOU CAN HANDLE IT IF
SALARY IS BUT MODERATE
JOHN DUDFIELD,
Phone 21 Dudfield Lumber Co.
CONSIDER THE LOCATION
FRONTS ON TBE HIGHWAY
FRONTS ON fNIVEBSITY OROUNDS
IMMEDIATELY ADJOINS NEW SUBWAY
IMMEDIATELY ADJOINS THE DEPOT OROUNDB
Beautiful Staoford Park
KG LOTS—f. Mf>NTHI.V
Prtr* lactates ■*»«**», water {already last-lied *e*d tm a**) aad
■uadiaM atreet (aow boildtoc).
LYON ft HORWBOB
Phone P. A. aj5K 158 University Avenue, Pslo Alto
■I.I TllF.lt BURBANK B THK ftltKAIUKT ORIGINATOR OP
Hit' ANIi VALCABI* FORMS OT PIAJCT IJFE OP THIS OB
ANV OTHER AG*." ThU wu said by Mr. David Starr Jordan.
Chancellor at th* Inland Stanford Jr. University of California.
Too now bar* tb* opportonltj of aocorteg A L17THCR BUR*
BANK GARDEN for 11.to. Twelve verletles or Burbuk'i own
••lection of bis own tm*\mn\ ar* offered ln tbls garden. Br plant-
tag a> Burbank garden you will get a mut gorgeous array of
color sad variety tn utma.. Bar Barbank a garden today and aa
are sure tbat yoo will becom* an enthusiastic admlrsr of that
man's genius. Ths Lutber Burbank Company Is the sola distributer of. Burbank's horticultural productions. W« ara tba sola
represents tire of the Luther Burbank Company In tb'» city.
With every S1.0O parrtuuc we g-ve
>t*u a ropy ot The Culture of M«w-
■asu. I r-u.tv and VHBlClbtgi,** wr.'lten
by Laches* Bartiaafc hbnself. Thn
*e**J giuuwntcc* an original Barbank
limdurtion. ttooh tor it—tt '.* yonr
.protection.
W. 0. Horabin
335 Hamilton Avenue.
The Regent
HONE t. FREE DELIVERIES.
Heaee et Hsn. gdpsLtaer A Mer,
SURELY A
BARGAIN
|J0* Four scran of cots sad
prunes s years old; IV-room
naodsrn cottage snd outbuildings, within s mil* of station.
Splendid location near Cupertino, tb* best fruit section
In Beat* Clsrs county.
Sentiment Favoring
Park Bonds Growing
Speeches Are Made in Mass Meeting
For and Against the Issue of
Friday's Election
There waa a good attendance st Oty Attorney Assurer* ObJecaJoas.
gaso— Business lot for o&Iy l*U*\
L*t me show yo*~ tbls lot.
Ror ©ale
9100—Lot KOxlSS; terms 10 per
cent down, balsas* monthly InstaM-
ments to suit purchaser. On* block
from Palo Alto Hlgb School.
gi.soo i» to*a aa Pslo J
J. J. MORRIS
TAXI SERVICE
Qenrral Auto Uvery
SEVEN PASSENQER
TOIVRINO eta* *ND TADS
25c
Service
J. R. ANDRU8.
Picnic dsy* sr* aow b*r*, sad
there sr* son* beautiful apou
**ry soar. We make you apeclal rat** tor picnic trips. Csll
us up—.
P. A. 15
GENERAL AUTO LIVERY
OFFICE
447 All
tb* maaa meeting to discuss th* psrk
aad library bonds at Ramoas Hsll
lsst night, speeches were msde for
Snd sgslnst tb* propositions, but
moat people wbo beard tb* argument war* convinced that the psrk
wss entirely feasible, tbat tt can aad
will be economically administered,
aad that It la the part of good dti-
icn*. to vote for tb* bonda No argument wsa advanced against tba library.
Veteraa Appeals far Boys.
Captain R. G. Bsrksr, s veteran
of the civil war wbo lost sn snn In
battle, made a pathetic appeal for
tbe park on tb* ground tbat It
would make home attractive for th*
boys, snd make tbem prefer Pslo
Alto conditions to tbe nor* dsnger-
oaa temptations of neighboring
dtlee.
How csn w* tslk sbout the
prUc." b* asked, with tears la bla
eyes, "when tb* bora ar* at stakeT
Anybody can kick, bnt nobody seems
be able to propose a better
*cbetne for the benefit of tb* boys
thsn th* pr*s*nt propoaltlon d«vta*d
by the reputsble sad earnest men
oa our city council. If w* cannot
advance s better plaa, let tt* gat la
and support this plan.
Lease Not aa saaaa.
"It seems to me to be ridiculous
for this audience to seriously undertake to debate th* legality of th*
lease aad of th* propoeed park
bonds—as If we w*r*-gotng to hoy
tb* bonda. Tb* legality of th*
bonds wtll be decided by tb* men
wbo bay them, and Is an after consideration. That's not yet an Issue.
Th* thing her nre ns is to rot*,
whether we wsat or do not wsat
this fine public recreation ground
for th* welfsre of th* covins
era tlon."
City Judg* Monro* Thomas pre-
atOM at tb* meeting sad eiprsased
th* desire for a full hearing of botb
sides of tba questions propoeed. If
tbe voters are oppo**d to tb* park,
well snd good; but lt Is tb* desire
that none should vote under a misconception
VACATION SHOES
svM./.l.*, 8KIFFKRH, HOOITS
Toagh. Ughtwrlght sboea
for < hildrrn aad grownup*-.
S^SSiflCr^
Castilleja School
r.p..l..:.;.: pPREPpUtATORT
(lrnn.p-.pjtr. Primer) .n.1 Mo*.
pDepestmeett..
Roys edmltted to Lposrer tsehool
.Fall term opepie .September 7.
1*14.
MARY I. LOCKEY. Principal.
1S50 l.rj.nl SI. Ptpooe M0K
Afeiie
Dyeing and Cleaning
ItEI'AllllMI .OP A 1.1. HIMi-
W. B. KNIGHT
Hn>Brh ppP» oppoalte Dspe,.
Umphreys
f 8a c esse or to OgJar**.)
CANDIES, ICE
CREAM AND ICES
orders promptly filled.
Pbom* M7K.
City Attorney Malcolm read tb*
opinion of II. A. Mason, wbo drafted tb* Pslo Alto charter, snd wbo la
authority on bond Issue* for
twenty cities of Csllfornls, Is which
HK Mason states positively tbst tba
l*aa* of Stanford land for park purposes Is tecs 1.
Mr. Mason state* tbat any flaws In
the proceedings will be picked by
th* bond buyers in any eaa* and
tbst th* l«g*llty issue to probably
Introduced by opponent* of tb* park
to becloud tb* real Isau*, wblcb la
Shall tb* city Incur sa indebtedness for acquiring snd maintaining
s psrk snd recreation center?"
Mr. Malcolm slso explained tbe
city's right to condemn tb* park
land In rase It la thought desirable;
but be repeated the argument that
interest on a fslr purchase price )si
appraised by tb* viewers who award -
the university 1,000 s y*sr,
whereas the rent of th* asm* proparty will be only $1,000.
Sine* tb* city'* birth snd growth
sr* due to tb* university no exception should b* taksn. Mr. Malcolm
argued, to tb* atrlct wording of tbe
l*as*. Tb* city of Palo Alto, moat
of all, ahould b* glad tbat tbe true-
t*«a sr* looking carefully after the
Interests of tbe univeraity, and w*
can certainly afford to accept the
same terms that srs d*str* exacted
from others wbo lease university
property.
E- T. Pen nock snd Mra. Persia
Haley enquired about th* expense
of maintaining tbe park. Mrs. Ha*
ley opposed tbe whole proposition.
Taa Masit PUreL
Councilman Walter E Veil reminded tbe audience that tb* near*
about tbe expense of maintaining
tbe park la groundless, for tbe raaaon that tbe charter fixes a 7.'.-rent
tax limit and that all the expense*
of the city muat be kept within thst
figure. He slso reminded his beer-
•ra that the counellnen tbemeelv**
are all property owners and tbst
tbsy would oot deliberately saddle
th*ma*lves wltb a heavy burden of
taxation. Common sense should
show tbst tbe council must be moderate In Its outlay upon park maintenance, i
City Clerk Frank Kaeeon also reminded tbe audience tbst tb* revised assessment did not really In-
crease tb* total amount of tsx*a.
Mr a lower aggragst* or tax money
was collated sfter tbe revaluation
than b«for*.
No l>am*Ke Su|t«.
Judge Thomas rapped to th* assertions tbat lb* dty might b* liable
(Coatlnueo on page slant.)
ROBERT WHITAKER
ADDRESSES
Automobile li Platform From
Which Prohibition Talk la
Made on thc Circle,
Appeals to Voters to Work (or
the Pmaaage of Constitutional
Dry Amendment.
Kev. Robert Whitaker pastor ol tht
drat Baptist church ol Los Gatos,
author, lecturer, once Socialist candidate for congress In this district, addressed a crowd of a hundred people
at the circle last night on the state
prohibition amendment to be sub*
mittcd at the November election. He
spoke without introduction from
James Stroncr's automobile, stating
that he felt he needed no introduction
to Pslo Alto having served as pastor
of thc Baptist church here during thc
year 1896.
Mr. Whitaker said he had not intended to gather a large crowd but
he felt the temperance people of protected communities like Loa Gatos
snd Palo Alto owed a debt of gratitude for their deliverance from tbe
saloon that ahould be psld by active
efforts to carry California dry in
November.
He suggested that Palo Alto provide a half-dozen cars and a live
brand of enthusiasm with plenty of
noise and red tire and join Los Gatos
in holding meetings throughout thla
county in behalf of the dry amendment- -Meetings in churches arc leaa
needful because many men on thc
street do not know the question is up
to them.
Mr. Whitaker advanced the proposi*»
tion that thc dry movement is justified because it contributes to the welfsre of thc greatest number. Every
step forward in government 1« marked by the Buffering and loss of a few;
but the patriotic thing u to look forward to the welfare of the many. Thc
sscrificc of five million dollar.* in wine
property in California wonld be justified if it proved to be the meant of
saving a single boy, especially if the
boy happened to be our own.
Saloon Hiding Behind Skirts.
He aaid the liquor interests were
hiding behind thc skirts of the wine
isduitry as a cowardy wretch might
hide he hind his wife's skirts to aav*
hla neck.
H* srgu*d tbst the Isnd d*vot*d t*
wine grapes would be more productive u»ed for other purposes. The
50,000 acres of California table grapes
produce over a million dollars more
than tio,ooo acres of wine grapes.
(Continued on page eight.)
LOT
PIFTY FOOT PROMT
on paved pgnirarr
Cloae to VBlTPBre.tr .venae—
•wo.
THB I7UVBRUTY -EAITV
COMPACT
P*4o AHo. Best Frtweleco.
ppppppp.
J Miss Harkcr's Scbool ♦
Tsls*bosi35Q
Boarding aad Day School for ',
Girts.
't Accredited to College*.
Intermediate snd Prtmsry
grades. Monteasorl Department
rail term begins Aug. 26, ltll
THOMSONS
1 nu.iL ^nja-e.*!^-*,
138 25*
Special rales for calling.
camping or p.cor. paHlaa, by
tti* day or trip. Get our pricee
aad save moaey.
OnVe with the Palo Alto
Transfer COnpnay.
NOVELTY THEATER
TUESDAY AND WEDNESDAY
TWO REEL SPECIAL
"BRITf FORCE"
Ate f.rrfirpp. niocntph prodpectiuu plpat I- somewise, different from
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Acceleration of electrons in the plasma wakefield of a proton bunch
No full textHigh-energy particle accelerators have been crucial in providing a deeper understanding of fundamental particles and the forces that govern their interactions. To increase the energy of the particles or to reduce the size of the accelerator, new acceleration schemes need to be developed. Plasma wakefield acceleration1–5, in which the electrons in a plasma are excited, leading to strong electric fields (so called ‘wakefields’), is one such promising acceleration technique. Experiments have shown that an intense laser pulse6–9 or electron bunch10,11 traversing a plasma can drive electric fields of tens of gigavolts per metre and above—well beyond those achieved in conventional radio-frequency accelerators (about 0.1 gigavolt per metre). However, the low stored energy of laser pulses and electron bunches means that multiple acceleration stages are needed to reach very high particle energies5,12. The use of proton bunches is compelling because they have the potential to drive wakefields and to accelerate electrons to high energy in a single acceleration stage13. Long, thin proton bunches can be used because they undergo a process called self-modulation14–16, a particle–plasma interaction that splits the bunch longitudinally into a series of high-density microbunches, which then act resonantly to create large wakefields. The Advanced Wakefield (AWAKE) experiment at CERN17–19 uses high-intensity proton bunches—in which each proton has an energy of 400 gigaelectronvolts, resulting in a total bunch energy of 19 kilojoules—to drive a wakefield in a ten-metre-long plasma. Electron bunches are then injected into this wakefield. Here we present measurements of electrons accelerated up to two gigaelectronvolts at the AWAKE experiment, in a demonstration of proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration. Measurements were conducted under various plasma conditions and the acceleration was found to be consistent and reliable. The potential for this scheme to produce very high-energy electron bunches in a single accelerating stage20 means that our results are an important step towards the development of future high-energy particle accelerators21,22
Experimental Observation of Plasma Wakefield Growth Driven by the Seeded Self-Modulation of a Proton Bunch
No full textWe measure the effects of transverse wakefields driven by a relativistic proton bunch in plasma with densities of 2.1×1014 and 7.7×1014 electrons/cm3. We show that these wakefields periodically defocus the proton bunch itself, consistently with the development of the seeded self-modulation process. We show that the defocusing increases both along the bunch and along the plasma by using time resolved and time-integrated measurements of the proton bunch transverse distribution. We evaluate the transverse wakefield amplitudes and show that they exceed their seed value (<15 MV/m) and reach over 300 MV/m. All these results confirm the development of the seeded self-modulation process, a necessary condition for external injection of low energy and acceleration of electrons to multi-GeV energy levels.</p
Experimental Observation of Proton Bunch Modulation in a Plasma at Varying Plasma Densities
No full textWe give direct experimental evidence for the observation of the full transverse self-modulation of a long, relativistic proton bunch propagating through a dense plasma. The bunch exits the plasma with a periodic density modulation resulting from radial wakefield effects. We show that the modulation is seeded by a relativistic ionization front created using an intense laser pulse copropagating with the proton bunch. The modulation extends over the length of the proton bunch following the seed point. By varying the plasma density over one order of magnitude, we show that the modulation frequency scales with the expected dependence on the plasma density, i.e., it is equal to the plasma frequency, as expected from theory.</p
