1,721,105 research outputs found
The impact of EU preferences on the intensive and extensive margins of agricultural and food products
No full textTrade, price and quality upgrading effects of agri-food standards
Full text linkThis paper assesses how cross-country differences in public mandatory food standards affect trade, prices and product quality upgrading in the agri-food sector. We estimate different gravity-type models that exploit the bilateral difference in maximum residue limits (MRLs) over the period from 2005 to 2014 for 145 products across 59 countries. Our findings show that cross-country differences in MRLs restrict trade. However, conditional on trading, they increase product prices—even when we adjust prices for quality—with null effects on estimated product quality. These effects are pronounced for South–North trade but not for exports to the South.sponsorship: This research was financially supported by the long-term EU-Africa research and innovation partnership on food and nutrition security and sustainable Agriculture LEAP-Agri (Project 'Agricultural Trade and Market Access for Food Security: Micro- and Macro-level Insights for Africa'), and by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) through the GlobalFood Program (RTG 1666).The project was also supported by funds of the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) based on a decision of the Parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany via the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE). We thank three anonymous referees and the editor for providing constructive and helpful comments on earlier drafts. We also acknowledge comments from Bernhard Brummer, Xiaohua Yu, Inmaculada Martinez-Zarzoso, and participants of the Department of Environmental Science and Policy Seminar at the University of Milano, Italy and the 6th African Conference of Agricultural Economists in Abuja, Nigeria. (long-term EU-Africa research and innovation partnership on food and nutrition security and sustainable Agriculture LEAP-Agri, German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft)|RTG 1666, Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL))status: Publishe
Impact of global value chains on tariffs and non-tariff measures in agriculture and food
Full text linkWe analyse whether global value chains (GVCs) reduce trade barriers in the agricultural and food sectors as they affect lobbying and government incentives. Political economy theory predicts that tariffs will be lower in countries integrated in GVCs and that the effect will be stronger outside regional trade agreements (RTAs). We use data from 1995 to 2015 from 160 countries on tariffs and non-tariff measures (NTMs) in the agri-food sector. Our evidence indicates that GVC integration, measured as domestic (foreign) value added in foreign (domestic) final goods, does affect trade policy. Stronger GVC integration is associated with lower tariffs, but mainly outside RTAs, and lower NTMs, both inside and outside RTAs
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Political Economy of EU Agri-environmental measures: An empirical Assessment at the Regional Level
Full text linkThe paper deals with the political economy determinants of EU agri-environmental measures (AEMs) applied by 59 regional/country units, during the 2001-2004 period. Five different groups of determinants, spanning from positive and negative externalities to political institutions, are highlighted and tested using an econometric model. The main results suggest that AEMs implementation is mostly affected by the strength of farm lobbies, political institutions and the demand for positive externalities. On the contrary, AEMs do not seem implemented by the willingness to address negative externalities.Agri-environmental Measures, Political Economy, EU Regions, Environmental Economics and Policy,
"Trade Liberalization and Labor Market Dynamics" in Better Agri-food Trade Modelling for Policy Analysis (BATModel) Deliverable D1.1: Broaden welfare implications of trade policy
No full textDespite the major divide between neoclassical models and models incorporating frictions, or that between models with intersectoral allocation and intra-sectoral allocation, recent years have seen tremendous developments in how trade economists understand the dynamics of labor response to trade shocks. Upon examining the relationship between trade and inequality, this review discusses the new techniques that have been implemented for estimating structural models of labor market dynamics, and how these are crucial for analyzing welfare and distributional effects of trade. Global economic integration has shifted relatively low-skilled jobs from the rich world to labor-abundant low-wage countries, thus decreasing between-country inequality but increasing within-country inequality. Evidence so far shows that the distributional effects of globalization are centered mostly around job displacement, and stagnant and falling living standards in advanced economies, thus further increasing the gap between the rich and poor in industrialized countries. Besides, it appears that evidence mostly points to large costs of switching industries and occupations in response to a trade shock. Furthermore, with a shrinking manufacturing sector due to competitive pressures from abroad, trade-induced structural changes in the economy of industrialized countries most likely underlie not only the distributional effects of trade but also some hidden costs. As shown, these hidden costs concern increased mental and physical health risks, obesity and morbidity, lower fertility, greater job insecurity, decreased working conditions and impaired social functioning. Concerning the agricultural sector, to date there are only a few studies investigating the impact of trade shocks on labor market dynamics in developed countries, yet none focusing on EU countries. From this perspective, it is necessary to start to fill this research gap. In addition, given the persistency of the agricultural productivity gap also in developed countries, future analyses should better figure out to what extent these productivity gaps are the result of an effective resource misallocation, versus other potential explanations stressed by the recent literature, such as labor market frictions and selection or the high trade costs of agricultural and food products
Geographical Indications and Innovation: Evidence from EU regions
Full text linkUnderstanding the relationship between the diffusion of geographical indications (GIs) and innovation in the agri-food sector represents a relevant research area not yet properly addressed by the current literature. Our contribution aims to fill this gap by investigating the extent to which the diffusion of GI products across EU regions affects technological innovation. We investigate this issue through a neo-Schumpeterian “distance-to-the-frontier” model, according to which the relation between the diffusion of GIs and innovations is non-monotonic and depends on the distance of firms and local systems from the technological frontier. To test this prediction, we build an original longitudinal dataset that includes information on GIs and agri-food patents in 265 EU regions over the period 1996–2014. Using different estimators and different proxies for innovative activities, we show that the diffusion of GIs affects innovative activities, conditional on the region’s distance from the technological frontier. That is to say, the spread of GIs slightly reduces innovation and growth in regions close to the technological frontier but spurs them on in laggard regions. These findings have important policy implications
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