1,720,993 research outputs found
Do infants detect A→V articulator congruency for non-native click consonants?
No full textIn a prior study infants habituated to an audio-only labial or alveolar, native English voiceless or non-native ejective stop, then saw silent videos of stops at each place [1]. 4-month-olds gazed more at congruent videos for native and non-native stops. 11-month-olds preferred congruence for native stops but incongruence for non-native ejectives, suggesting language experience biases but does not block detection of non-native A➝V speech relations. But as English adults perceive ejectives as deviant stops [2], we asked whether infants detect A➝V congruence in non-native phones adults hear as nonspeech, i.e., click consonants [3-6]. 4-month-olds preferred incongruency; 11-month-olds showed no preference. We posit that infants prefer A➝V congruency for phones heard as native-like speech; prefer incongruency for phones heard as speech that deviates from native segments; notice extreme deviance earlier (clicks: 4 mo; ejectives: 11 mo); and later treat very deviant phones as discriminable nonspeech sounds [3, 4] that are unrelated to visual speech. Results are at odds with existing AV models, but may be handled by a hybrid of Amodal Articulatory and Intersensory Narrowing views
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
0Augmented Reality Talking Heads as a Support for Speech Perception and Production
No full textVisual face gestures, such as lip, head and eyebrow movements, are important in all human speech communication as a support to the acoustic signal. This is true even if the speaker’s face is computer-animated. The visual information about the phonemes, i.e. speech sounds, results in better speech perception (Benoît et al., 1994; Massaro, 1998) and the benefit is all th
From real-time MRI to 3D tongue movements
No full textReal-time Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) at 9 images/s of the midsagittal plane is used as input to a threedimensional tongue model, previously generated based on sustained articulations imaged with static MRI. The aim is two-fold, firstly to use articulatory inversion to extrapolate the midsagittal tongue movements to three-dimensional movements, secondly to determine the accuracy of the tongue model in replicating the real-time midsagittal tongue shapes. The evaluation of the inversion shows that the realtime midsagittal contour is reproduced with acceptable accuracy. This means that the 3D model can be used to represent real-time articulations, eventhough the artificially sustained articulations on which it was based were hyperarticulated and had a backward displacement of the tongue. 1
Articulatory synthesis using corpus-based estimation of line spectrum pairs
No full textAn attempt to define a new articulatory synthesis method, in which the speech signal is generated through a statistical estimation of its relation with articulatory parameters, is presented. A corpus containing acoustic material and simultaneous recordings of the tongue and facial movements was used to train and test the articulatory synthesis of VCV words and short sentences. Tongue and facial motion data, captured with electromagnetic articulography and three-dimensional optical motion tracking, respectively, define articulatory parameters of a talking head. These articulatory parameters are then used as estimators of the speech signal, represented by line spectrum pairs. The statistical link between the articulatory parameters and the speech signal was established using either linear estimation or artificial neural networks. The results show that the linear estimation was only enough to synthesize identifiable vowels, but not consonants, whereas the neural networks gave a perceptually better synthesis. 1
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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