1,720,987 research outputs found
High pressure processing of cheese: Lights, shadows and prospects
No full text23 Pág.Under high pressure processing (HPP) treatment conditions commonly used in the food industry, most cheese-borne pathogenic bacteria and spoilage microorganisms are eliminated. However, pressure-resistant Bacillus and Clostridium spore-forming bacteria require more severe process parameters or combined strategies for their inactivation. Lactic acid bacteria and other microorganisms with a technological role in cheese manufacture and ripening show a strain-dependent fate after HPP treatment, influencing most product characteristics. Proteins and lipids, the major cheese constituents, are affected by HPP, resulting in modifications to matrix microstructure and cheese texture. Enzymes involved in cheese ripening are inactivated to a variable degree, depending on enzyme, substrate and treatment conditions, with subsequent effects on proteolysis, lipolysis and flavour compound formation. Acceleration and arresting of cheese ripening may be modulated by HPP and the appearance of defects may be prevented. Advantages, disadvantages and future prospects for the HPP of particular cheese types are discussed in this review.Peer reviewe
Probiotic dynamics during the fermentation of milk supplemented with seaweed extracts: The effect of milk constituents
No full text7 Pág.Dynamics of probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG, L. reuteri BioGaia, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB12 and B. longum subsp. longum BB536 were investigated during the fermentation of milk supplemented with extracts of Chondrus crispus (CC), Himanthalia elongata (HE), Laminaria ochroleuca (LO), Palmaria palmata (PP), Porphyra umbilicalis (PU), Ulva lactuca (UL) and Undaria pinnatifida (UP). After 24 h at 37 °C, LGG attained counts above 108 cfu/ml in control milk and in milk with all seaweed extracts while BioGaia only attained that level in milk with CC, HE, PP, PU and UL extracts, B12 in milk with UL and UP extracts, and BB536 in milk with CC, HE, PU and UL extracts. In physiological saline, LGG, BioGaia, BB12 and BB536 were respectively stimulated by 4, 0, 5 and 3 seaweed extracts after 24 h at 37 °C and inhibited by 1, 5, 2 and 0 seaweed extracts. Casein and whey proteins added to physiological saline neutralized inhibition caused by UL extract, increasing probiotic counts by 4–5 log cfu/ml, while lactose and citrate had no significant effect. Milk supplementation with seaweed extracts permitted attaining probiotic counts above 108 cfu/ml at the end of fermentation, a result of practical interest for the dairy industry.This study was supported by project AGL2013-42911-R (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain). The authors wish to thank helpful advice from Angela Peirotén on probiotic culturing techniques.Peer reviewe
Preservation of five edible seaweeds by high pressure processing: effect on microbiota, shelf life, colour, texture and antioxidant capacity
No full text8 Pág.Edible seaweeds Chondrus crispus (CC, Irish moss), Codium fragile (CF, green sea fingers), Himanthalia elongata (HE, sea spaghetti), Ulva lactuca (UL, sea lettuce) and Undaria pinnatifida (UP, wakame) were high pressure processed (HPP) at 400 or 600 MPa for 5 min and stored at 4 °C for up to 180 days. Viable bacterial counts on day 1 ranged from 4.24 log cfu/g for UP to 6.14 for CC. Estimated shelf life of control CC, CF, HE, UL and UP seaweeds, with the threshold set at 7 log cfu/g, was 7, 30, 60, 3 and 30 days, respectively. HPP treatments extended shelf life of seaweeds until at least day 180, except for CC treated at 400 MPa, until day 90. Most microbiological, physicochemical, colour, texture and enzymatic characteristics of seaweeds varied significantly with HPP treatment and storage time. HPP treatments generally preserved total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of seaweeds until day 180. Exceptions were total polyphenol content of HE and UP and antioxidant capacity of CC and UP, which suffered losses close to half of the initial values. HPP showed to be a valid processing technology for extending the shelf life of edible seaweeds under refrigerated storage.This study was supported by project AGL2013-42911-R (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain). Authors A. Picon and M. Nuñez wish to acknowledge courageousness and camaraderie from Ana del Olmo during the conduct of this study.Peer reviewe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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