9 research outputs found
The Prevalence of Antibiotic and Toothpaste Sensitivity found in Oral Streptococcal Isolates in Healthy Individuals in the Okada Community of Nigeria
Get PDFBackground: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, antibiotic, and toothpaste sensitivity of oral streptococcal isolates in healthy individuals in the Okada community of Nigeria. Methods: Oral samples were collected from 230 volunteers and were subjected to standard microbiological tests. Antibacterial sensitivity tests were carried out on the streptococcal isolates that were obtained using a disk diffusion technique, and eight kinds of toothpaste (A-H) were screened for their antibacterial effects on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Results: The prevalence of oral streptococci found in this study was 26.1% and the predominant species was S. salivarius (13.9%). S. salivarius was highly resistant to cloxacillin (100%) and Augmentin (96.9%), whilst resistance to gentamicin and erythromycin was low at 21.9% and 3.1% respectively. S. mutans were completely sensitive to gentamicin whilst resistance to erythromycin was 33.3%. The entire Streptococcus species showed the lowest resistance to erythromycin (20.0%), followed by gentamicin (31.7%). At 100 mg/mL all toothpaste samples had antibacterial effects on S. mutans. At 50 mg/mL all samples except toothpastes G and H inhibited the bacterium. Toothpastes A and E had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration of 25 mg/mL. Conclusions: Toothpastes A and E were the most effective toothpastes of the eight assessed in this study
Staphylococcal cassette chromosome MEC (SCCMEC) typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococci obtained from clinical samples in South-South, Nigeria
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Accuracy of conventional identification methods used for Enterobacteriaceae isolates in three Nigerian hospitals
No full textBackground Enterobacteriaceae are ubiquitously present in nature and can be found in the intestinal tract of humans and animals as commensal flora. Multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are increasingly reported and are a threat to public health implicating a need for accurate identification of the isolates to species level. In developing countries, identification of bacteria basically depends on conventional methods: culture and phenotypic methods that hamper the accurate identification of bacteria. In this study, matrix-assisted desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technique was compared to conventional identification techniques. Materials and Methods In total, 147 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were collected from March to May 2015 from three medical microbiology laboratories of hospitals in Edo state, Nigeria, after being tested according to the individual laboratories standard operating procedures. All isolates were stored at −20°C until tested centrally by MALDI-TOF MS. Results One hundred and forty five (98.6%) isolates had a MALDI Biotyper best score > or =2.0, indicating a secure genus and probable species identification; and 2(1.36%) isolates had a best score or =2.0 comprised nine genera and 10 species, respectively. A total of 57.2% and 33.1% of isolates identified had agreement between MALDI-TOF MS and conventional techniques for identification at genus and species level, respectively, when analyzing bacteria with MALDI Biotyper best scores > or =2.0. Conclusion The results of our study show that the applied conventional identification techniques for Enterobacteriaceae in the investigated Nigerian hospitals are not very accurate. Use of state-of-the-art identification technologies for microorganisms is necessary to guarantee comparability of bacteriological results
Intestinal parasitic infections in Okada rural community, Edo State, Nigeria: a four year retrospective study
Get PDFIntestinal parasitic infections are associated with morbidity and mortality worldwide. Data on prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection is sparse in rural Nigeria. Against this background, this study aimed at determining the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections within a four year period in the rural community of Okada, Edo State, Nigeria. Fecal samples obtained from 1528 patients (consisting of 740 males and 788 females) presenting with signs and symptoms of gastroenteritis at the Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital, Okada were examined for presence of ova, cyst and trophozoites of parasites using standard methods. Patient’s age ranged from 6 months to 73 years. Study was conducted between 2007 and 2010. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections increased significantly (P=0.003) from 14.7% in 2007 to 22.5% in 2010. In the study period, gender did not affect the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection (P>0.05). Patients within <1-10 years had significantly higher prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection. Ascaris lumbricoides was the most predominant parasitic agent, while Schistosoma japonicum was the least prevalent. With respect to parasite, males were observed to have consistently higher prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica infection. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was observed to significantly increase from 2007 to 2010. Age was a risk factor for acquiring intestinal parasitic infection. Ascaris lumbricoides was the most predominant parasitic agent in all years of study. Control and prevention measures are advocated
A cost-effective scheme developed for studying human malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum
Get PDFResearch in human malaria disease has consistently been hindered in developing countries where this disease is endemic, due to the prohibitive cost of constructing and maintaining currently available experimental mouse models. Our goal, therefore, was to develop a cost-effective mouse model that may be used as research tool for studying human malaria disease. Plasmodium falciparum-infected human blood samples were cultured invitro for 92 hours, and invivo malaria infection was induced by intraperitoneally injecting 0.5ml of the Plasmodium falciparum cultures into experimental mice, which were modified by the application of immunosuppressive and humanization protocols in which aspirin (4mg/kg), doxycycline (4mg/kg), and 0.5ml human blood that retained all of its cellular components (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets) were repeatedly injected via the intraperitoneal route. Data obtained showed that the invitro-cultured Plasmodium falciparum significantly retained its infectivity and immunogenicity, since all the 20 mice inoculated exhibited peripheral blood parasitaemia. Quinine chemotherapy using standard antimalarial drug (73mg quinine/kg), however, induced significant suppression of the peripheral blood parasitaemia in the infected mice. Our results suggest that there is a substantial possibility of inducing and eradicating human malaria disease in our mouse model (humanized non-genetically manipulated mouse model) when used as a substitute for the conventional mouse models (humanized genetically manipulated mouse models). Keywords: Synchronized, Invitro, Invivo, Inocula, Immunosuppressed, Parasitaemia, Intraperitoneal, Infectivity
Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 Accuracy of conventional identification methods used for Enterobacteriaceae isolates in three Nigerian hospitals
No full textABSTRACT Background. Enterobacteriaceae are ubiquitously present in nature and can be found in the intestinal tract of humans and animals as commensal flora. Multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are increasingly reported and are a threat to public health implicating a need for accurate identification of the isolates to species level. In developing countries, identification of bacteria basically depends on conventional methods: culture and phenotypic methods that hamper the accurate identification of bacteria. In this study, matrix-assisted desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technique was compared to conventional identification techniques. Materials and Methods. In total, 147 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were collected from March to May 2015 from three medical microbiology laboratories of hospitals in Edo state, Nigeria, after being tested according to the individual laboratories standard operating procedures. All isolates were stored at −20 • C until tested centrally by MALDI-TOF MS. Results. One hundred and forty five (98.6%) isolates had a MALDI Biotyper best score > or =2.0, indicating a secure genus and probable species identification; and 2(1.36%) isolates had a best score <2.0 indicating probable genus identification. Isolates with best scores of > or =2.0 comprised nine genera and 10 species, respectively. A total of 57.2% and 33.1% of isolates identified had agreement between MALDI-TOF MS and conventional techniques for identification at genus and species level, respectively, when analyzing bacteria with MALDI Biotyper best scores > or =2.0. Conclusion. The results of our study show that the applied conventional identification techniques for Enterobacteriaceae in the investigated Nigerian hospitals are not very accurate. Use of state-of-the-art identification technologies for microorganisms is necessary to guarantee comparability of bacteriological results
The Prevalence of Antibiotic and Toothpaste Sensitivity found in Oral Streptococcal Isolates in Healthy Individuals in the Okada Community of Nigeria
No full textBackground: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, antibiotic, and toothpaste sensitivity of oral streptococcal isolates in healthy individuals in the Okada community of Nigeria. Methods: Oral samples were collected from 230 volunteers and were subjected to standard microbiological tests. Antibacterial sensitivity tests were carried out on the streptococcal isolates that were obtained using a disk diffusion technique, and eight kinds of toothpaste (A-H) were screened for their antibacterial effects on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Results: The prevalence of oral streptococci found in this study was 26.1% and the predominant species was S. salivarius (13.9%). S. salivarius was highly resistant to cloxacillin (100%) and Augmentin (96.9%), whilst resistance to gentamicin and erythromycin was low at 21.9% and 3.1% respectively. S. mutans were completely sensitive to gentamicin whilst resistance to erythromycin was 33.3%. The entire Streptococcus species showed the lowest resistance to erythromycin (20.0%), followed by gentamicin (31.7%). At 100 mg/mL all toothpaste samples had antibacterial effects on S. mutans. At 50 mg/mL all samples except toothpastes G and H inhibited the bacterium. Toothpastes A and E had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration of 25 mg/mL. Conclusions: Toothpastes A and E were the most effective toothpastes of the eight assessed in this study
